Chitosan is an innate cationic biological polysaccharide polymer, naturally obtained from chitin deacetylation, that possesses broad-spectrum properties such as antibacterial, biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxic, non-immunogenicity, and so on. Chitosan can be easily modified owing to its molecular chain that contains abundant active amino and hydroxyl groups, through various modifications. Not only does it possess excellent properties but it also greatly accelerates its solubility and endows it with additional special properties. It can be developed into bioactive materials with innovative properties, functions, and multiple uses, especially in the biomedical fields. In this paper, the unique properties and the relationship between the molecular structure of chitosan and its derivatives are emphasized, an overview of various excellent biomedical properties of chitosan and its current progress in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical field have prospected, to provide the theoretical basis for better development and utilization of new biomedical materials of chitosan and its derivatives.

Natural antioxidants are more attractive than synthetic chemical oxidants because of their non-toxic and non-harmful properties. Microalgal bioactive components such as carotenoids, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds are gaining popularity as very effective and long-lasting natural antioxidants. Few articles currently exist that analyze microalgae from a bibliometric and visualization point of view. This study used a bibliometric method based on the Web of Science Core Collection database to analyze antioxidant research on bioactive compounds in microalgae from 1996 to 2022. According to cluster analysis, the most studied areas are the effectiveness, the antioxidant mechanism, and use of bioactive substances in microalgae, such as carotene, astaxanthin, and tocopherols, in the fields of food, cosmetics, and medicine. Using keyword co-occurrence and keyword mutation analysis, future trends are predicted to improve extraction rates and stability by altering the environment of microalgae cultures or mixing extracts with chemicals such as nanoparticles for commercial and industrial applications. These findings can help researchers identify trends and resources to build impactful investigations and expand scientific frontiers.

The objective of this study is to innovatively evaluate the biochemistry performance of α-chitosan from Portunus trituberculatus shell and β-chitosan from Illex argentinus squid gladius by using the weighted composite index method, and provide a theoretical basis for better development and utilization of chitosan biomedical materials. To build a composite evaluation system, seven key indicators, including molecular weight (M_w), deacetylation degree (DD), water binding capacity (WBC), fat binding capacity (FBC), thermal stability (TS), primary structure and secondary structure, which significantly affect chitosan biochemical characteristics, were determined and analyzed. The viscosity average M_w of chitosan was in the range of 22.5–377.1 kDa, and the DD was 83.4–97.8%. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses of commercial chitosan (CS), crab chitosan (CSC) and squid chitosan (CSS) showed a downward trend in TS, while WBC and FBC showed an obvious upward trend. FT-IR had a similar profile in peak shape, but the peak position slightly shifted. CD indicated that chitosan maintained the double helix structure and multiple secondary structural elements. The composite weighted index values of CS, CSC and CSS were 0.85, 0.94 and 1.31 respectively, which indicated that the CSS biochemistry performance was significantly better than CSC, and β-chitosan has great potential in biomedical materials.

Dental restorative materials remain constrained by clinical unmet needs in biomechanical durability, bioactivity, and long‐term tissue integration, despite incremental advances in conventional ceramics and polymers. Addressing these gaps requires functional innovation. Multiscale design strategies bridge atomic‐level material engineering with macroscopic clinical performance. This review highlights transformative approaches, including bioinspired architectures (e.g., decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds) that replicate native oral tissue mechanics while promoting cell‐driven remodeling, and smart interfaces (e.g., pH‐responsive polymers) for dynamic biofilm suppression. Functional enhancements are achieved via 3D printing for anatomically precise restorations, nanotechnology for crack‐resistant ceramics, and surface functionalization (e.g., graphene oxide coatings) to accelerate osseointegration. Emerging paradigms such as 4D‐printed shape‐memory composites and artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven inverse design further exemplify innovation by enabling self‐adapting materials and accelerated discovery of bioactive formulations. Critically, barriers are analyzed to clinical translation, including scalable manufacturing of hierarchical structures, mitigating biodegradation in aggressive oral environments, and balancing cost‐effectiveness with performance. By integrating mechanistic insights with clinical translation, this work provides a blueprint for next‐generation functional dental materials that reconcile laboratory innovation with real‐world clinical demands.