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P. Bowyer
Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), 20095 Hamburg, Germany

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Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Sustainability
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Nature-based solutions (NBS) are being deployed around the world in order to address hydrometeorological hazards, including flooding, droughts, landslides and many others. The term refers to techniques inspired, supported and copied from nature, avoiding large constructions and other harmful interventions. In this work the development and evaluation of an NBS applied to the Spercheios river basin in Central Greece is presented. The river is susceptible to heavy rainfall and bank overflow, therefore the intervention selected is a natural water retention measure that aims to moderate the impact of flooding and drought in the area. After the deployment of the NBS, we examine the benefits under current and future climate conditions, using various climate change scenarios. Even though the NBS deployed is small compared to the rest of the river, its presence leads to a decrease in the maximum depth of flooding, maximum velocity and smaller flooded areas. Regarding the subsurface/groundwater storage under current and future climate change and weather conditions, the NBS construction seems to favor long-term groundwater recharge.

ACS Style

Christos Spyrou; Michael Loupis; Νikos Charizopoulos; Ilektra Apostolidou; Angeliki Mentzafou; George Varlas; Anastasios Papadopoulos; Elias Dimitriou; Depy Panga; Lamprini Gkeka; Paul Bowyer; Susanne Pfeifer; Sisay Debele; Prashant Kumar. Evaluating Nature-Based Solution for Flood Reduction in Spercheios River Basin under Current and Future Climate Conditions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3885 .

AMA Style

Christos Spyrou, Michael Loupis, Νikos Charizopoulos, Ilektra Apostolidou, Angeliki Mentzafou, George Varlas, Anastasios Papadopoulos, Elias Dimitriou, Depy Panga, Lamprini Gkeka, Paul Bowyer, Susanne Pfeifer, Sisay Debele, Prashant Kumar. Evaluating Nature-Based Solution for Flood Reduction in Spercheios River Basin under Current and Future Climate Conditions. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3885.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christos Spyrou; Michael Loupis; Νikos Charizopoulos; Ilektra Apostolidou; Angeliki Mentzafou; George Varlas; Anastasios Papadopoulos; Elias Dimitriou; Depy Panga; Lamprini Gkeka; Paul Bowyer; Susanne Pfeifer; Sisay Debele; Prashant Kumar. 2021. "Evaluating Nature-Based Solution for Flood Reduction in Spercheios River Basin under Current and Future Climate Conditions." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3885.

Journal article
Published: 04 September 2020 in Earth's Future
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It is well established that Africa is particularly exposed to climate extremes including heat waves, droughts, and intense rainfall events. How exposed Africa is to the co‐occurrence of these events is however virtually unknown. This study provides the first analysis of projected changes in the co‐occurrence of five such compound climate extremes in Africa, under a low (RCP2.6) and high (RCP8.5) emissions scenario. These changes are combined with population projections for a low (SSP1) and high (SSP3) population growth scenario, in order to provide estimates of the number of people that may be exposed to such events at the end of the 21st century. We make use of an ensemble of regional climate projections from the Coordinated Output for Regional Evaluations (CORE) project embedded in the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) framework. This ensemble comprises five different Earth System Model/Regional Climate Model (ESM/RCM) combinations with three different ESMs and two RCMs. We show that all five compound climate extremes will increase in frequency, with changes being greater under RCP8.5 than RCP2.6. Moreover, populations exposed to these changes are greater under RCP8.5/SSP3, than RCP2.6/SSP1, increasing by 47‐ and 12‐fold, respectively, compared to the present‐day. Regions of Africa that are particularly exposed are West Africa, Central‐East Africa, and Northeast and Southeast Africa. Increased exposure is mainly driven by the interaction between climate and population growth, and the effect of population alone. This has important policy implications in relation to climate mitigation and adaptation.

ACS Style

T. Weber; P. Bowyer; D. Rechid; S. Pfeifer; F. Raffaele; A. R. Remedio; C. Teichmann; D. Jacob. Analysis of Compound Climate Extremes and Exposed Population in Africa Under Two Different Emission Scenarios. Earth's Future 2020, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

T. Weber, P. Bowyer, D. Rechid, S. Pfeifer, F. Raffaele, A. R. Remedio, C. Teichmann, D. Jacob. Analysis of Compound Climate Extremes and Exposed Population in Africa Under Two Different Emission Scenarios. Earth's Future. 2020; 8 (9):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T. Weber; P. Bowyer; D. Rechid; S. Pfeifer; F. Raffaele; A. R. Remedio; C. Teichmann; D. Jacob. 2020. "Analysis of Compound Climate Extremes and Exposed Population in Africa Under Two Different Emission Scenarios." Earth's Future 8, no. 9: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2017 in Climate Services
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Analyses of climate change vulnerability and risk have been steadily evolving, and have moved from an impact-focused towards a more risk-based approach. In the risk and vulnerability communities, the relevance of resilience and adaptive capacity (AC) are increasingly emphasized. Another emerging analytical framework is the idea of assessing AC and resilience in terms of the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA), which studies welfare as a function of multiple forms of assets (‘capital’) that systems and agents may utilize to both recover as well as increase resilience in the future. We assess a new method for assessing AC at a sectoral level and operationalize AC measurement based on an SLA to assess the ability of the European agricultural sector to adapt to extreme droughts. We create a set of indicators which highlight areas of high or low AC, forecast to estimated times the world will reach 2° of warming using Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios to drive AC indicator projections based on a fixed effects model. We find that based on this approach, Central and Northern Europe rank higher in overall capacity than countries on the periphery, and projections to 2 °C do not change results to a large degree. We critically reflect on the use of this approach and suggest possible use cases for results in larger studies of sectoral vulnerability, and highlight key data gaps and the need for a stronger empirical basis for selection of indicators, which constrain our ability to assess AC.

ACS Style

Keith Williges; Reinhard Mechler; Paul Bowyer; Juraj Balkovic. Towards an assessment of adaptive capacity of the European agricultural sector to droughts. Climate Services 2017, 7, 47 -63.

AMA Style

Keith Williges, Reinhard Mechler, Paul Bowyer, Juraj Balkovic. Towards an assessment of adaptive capacity of the European agricultural sector to droughts. Climate Services. 2017; 7 ():47-63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Keith Williges; Reinhard Mechler; Paul Bowyer; Juraj Balkovic. 2017. "Towards an assessment of adaptive capacity of the European agricultural sector to droughts." Climate Services 7, no. : 47-63.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2015 in Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation
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This chapter highlights the benefits of framing adaptation to climate change as an issue of climate risk management and describes a number of methods and approaches that may be applied in the process of developing adaptation strategies. A key consideration when developing adaptation strategies is to have a sound understanding of how a given system functions in response to changes in both climate and non-climate factors, and thus the need for a causal model which represents this understanding. There are a range of methods and tools that may be applied to assist with developing this system understanding in a climate risk assessment, and a number of these are described here. Moreover, given that adaptation planning is to a large degree about forward planning, all adaptation strategies will need to appropriately consider the implications of uncertainty on their likely effectiveness. This chapter provides a discussion of the ways in which adaptation strategies can be developed and decisions made when appraising different adaptation strategies. As such, it provides a basis upon which users can assess how they may approach adaptation as an issue of climate risk management and select and apply suitable methods. It provides a useful accompaniment to any practitioner or organization, as they proceed on their adaptation journey.

ACS Style

Paul Bowyer; Michaela Schaller; Steffen Bender; Daniela Jacob. AdaptationAdaptation as ClimateClimate change Risk ManagementRisk management : Methods and Approaches. Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation 2015, 71 -92.

AMA Style

Paul Bowyer, Michaela Schaller, Steffen Bender, Daniela Jacob. AdaptationAdaptation as ClimateClimate change Risk ManagementRisk management : Methods and Approaches. Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. 2015; ():71-92.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul Bowyer; Michaela Schaller; Steffen Bender; Daniela Jacob. 2015. "AdaptationAdaptation as ClimateClimate change Risk ManagementRisk management : Methods and Approaches." Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation , no. : 71-92.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2015 in Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation
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Adaptation to climate change has risen up the political agenda in recent years, as the realization that we are committed to at least some level of climate change over the next few decades has been acknowledged. It is also the case that a range of different economic sectors, both public and private, increasingly recognize the need for, and importance of, adapting to climate change and the need to manage their climate risks. Adaptation to climate change is a complex issue, and successful adaptation will depend on the intelligent use and combination of a range of different factors, including scientific, organizational, social, and governance structures. This chapter focuses on the role that climate services can play in helping organizations and societies adapt to climate change and variability. It provides an overview of the key components of climate services and details the essential functions which climate services must develop, in order to fully play their role in supporting adaptation decisions and thus, helping society adapt to climate change.

ACS Style

Paul Bowyer; Guy P. Brasseur; Daniela Jacob. The Role of Climate ServicesClimate services in AdaptingAdaptation to Climate Variability and Change. Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation 2015, 533 -550.

AMA Style

Paul Bowyer, Guy P. Brasseur, Daniela Jacob. The Role of Climate ServicesClimate services in AdaptingAdaptation to Climate Variability and Change. Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. 2015; ():533-550.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul Bowyer; Guy P. Brasseur; Daniela Jacob. 2015. "The Role of Climate ServicesClimate services in AdaptingAdaptation to Climate Variability and Change." Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation , no. : 533-550.

Book chapter
Published: 27 August 2014 in Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation
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Adaptation to climate change has risen up the political agenda in recent years, as the realization that we are committed to at least some level of climate change over the next few decades has been acknowledged. It is also the case that a range of different economic sectors, both public and private, increasingly recognize the need for, and importance of, adapting to climate change and the need to manage their climate risks. Adaptation to climate change is a complex issue, and successful adaptation will depend on the intelligent use and combination of a range of different factors, including scientific, organizational, social, and governance structures. This chapter focuses on the role that climate services can play in helping organizations and societies adapt to climate change and variability. It provides an overview of the key components of climate services and details the essential functions which climate services must develop, in order to fully play their role in supporting adaptation decisions and thus, helping society adapt to climate change.

ACS Style

Paul Bowyer; Guy P. Brasseur; Daniela Jacob. The Role of Climate ServicesClimate services in AdaptingAdaptation to Climate Variability and Change. Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation 2014, 1 -16.

AMA Style

Paul Bowyer, Guy P. Brasseur, Daniela Jacob. The Role of Climate ServicesClimate services in AdaptingAdaptation to Climate Variability and Change. Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. 2014; ():1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul Bowyer; Guy P. Brasseur; Daniela Jacob. 2014. "The Role of Climate ServicesClimate services in AdaptingAdaptation to Climate Variability and Change." Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation , no. : 1-16.

Book chapter
Published: 15 August 2014 in Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation
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This chapter highlights the benefits of framing adaptation to climate change as an issue of climate risk management and describes a number of methods and approaches that may be applied in the process of developing adaptation strategies. A key consideration when developing adaptation strategies is to have a sound understanding of how a given system functions in response to changes in both climate and non-climate factors, and thus the need for a causal model which represents this understanding. There are a range of methods and tools that may be applied to assist with developing this system understanding in a climate risk assessment, and a number of these are described here. Moreover, given that adaptation planning is to a large degree about forward planning, all adaptation strategies will need to appropriately consider the implications of uncertainty on their likely effectiveness. This chapter provides a discussion of the ways in which adaptation strategies can be developed and decisions made when appraising different adaptation strategies. As such, it provides a basis upon which users can assess how they may approach adaptation as an issue of climate risk management and select and apply suitable methods. It provides a useful accompaniment to any practitioner or organization, as they proceed on their adaptation journey.

ACS Style

Paul Bowyer; Michaela Schaller; Steffen Bender; Daniela Jacob. as : Methods and Approaches. Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation 2014, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Paul Bowyer, Michaela Schaller, Steffen Bender, Daniela Jacob. as : Methods and Approaches. Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. 2014; ():1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul Bowyer; Michaela Schaller; Steffen Bender; Daniela Jacob. 2014. "as : Methods and Approaches." Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation , no. : 1-18.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2009 in Weather
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ACS Style

Roger B. Street; Anna Steynor; Paul Bowyer; Kathryn Humphrey. Delivering and using the UK climate projections 2009. Weather 2009, 64, 227 -231.

AMA Style

Roger B. Street, Anna Steynor, Paul Bowyer, Kathryn Humphrey. Delivering and using the UK climate projections 2009. Weather. 2009; 64 (9):227-231.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roger B. Street; Anna Steynor; Paul Bowyer; Kathryn Humphrey. 2009. "Delivering and using the UK climate projections 2009." Weather 64, no. 9: 227-231.

Journal article
Published: 15 April 2008 in Remote Sensing of Environment
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An Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is used to assimilate canopy reflectance data into an ecosystem model. We demonstrate the use of an augmented state vector approach to enable a canopy reflectance model to be used as a non-linear observation operator. A key feature of data assimilation (DA) schemes, such as the EnKF, is that they incorporate information on uncertainty in both the model and the observations to provide a best estimate of the true state of a system. In addition, estimates of uncertainty in the model outputs (given the observed data) are calculated, which is crucial in assessing the utility of model predictions. Results are compared against eddy-covariance observations of CO2 fluxes collected over three years at a pine forest site. The assimilation of 500 m spatial resolution MODIS reflectance data significantly improves estimates of Gross Primary Production (GPP) and Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP) from the model, with clear reduction in the resulting uncertainty of estimated fluxes. However, foliar biomass tends to be over-estimated compared with measurements. Issues regarding this over-estimate, as well as the various assumptions underlying the assimilation of reflectance data are discussed.

ACS Style

Tristan Quaife; Philip Lewis; Martin De Kauwe; Mathew Williams; Beverly E. Law; Mathias Disney; Paul Bowyer. Assimilating canopy reflectance data into an ecosystem model with an Ensemble Kalman Filter. Remote Sensing of Environment 2008, 112, 1347 -1364.

AMA Style

Tristan Quaife, Philip Lewis, Martin De Kauwe, Mathew Williams, Beverly E. Law, Mathias Disney, Paul Bowyer. Assimilating canopy reflectance data into an ecosystem model with an Ensemble Kalman Filter. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2008; 112 (4):1347-1364.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tristan Quaife; Philip Lewis; Martin De Kauwe; Mathew Williams; Beverly E. Law; Mathias Disney; Paul Bowyer. 2008. "Assimilating canopy reflectance data into an ecosystem model with an Ensemble Kalman Filter." Remote Sensing of Environment 112, no. 4: 1347-1364.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2007 in Global Change Biology
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Attempts to estimate photosynthetic rate or gross primary productivity from remotely sensed absorbed solar radiation depend on knowledge of the light use efficiency (LUE). Early models assumed LUE to be constant, but now most researchers try to adjust it for variations in temperature and moisture stress. However, more exact methods are now required. Hyperspectral remote sensing offers the possibility of sensing the changes in the xanthophyll cycle, which is closely coupled to photosynthesis. Several studies have shown that an index (the photochemical reflectance index) based on the reflectance at 531 nm is strongly correlated with the LUE over hours, days and months. A second hyperspectral approach relies on the remote detection of fluorescence, which is a directly related to the efficiency of photosynthesis. We discuss the state of the art of the two approaches. Both have been demonstrated to be effective, but we specify seven conditions required before the methods can become operational.

ACS Style

J. Grace; C. Nichol; Mathias Disney; Philip Lewis; Tristan Quaife; Paul Bowyer. Can we measure terrestrial photosynthesis from space directly, using spectral reflectance and fluorescence? Global Change Biology 2007, 13, 1484 -1497.

AMA Style

J. Grace, C. Nichol, Mathias Disney, Philip Lewis, Tristan Quaife, Paul Bowyer. Can we measure terrestrial photosynthesis from space directly, using spectral reflectance and fluorescence? Global Change Biology. 2007; 13 (7):1484-1497.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. Grace; C. Nichol; Mathias Disney; Philip Lewis; Tristan Quaife; Paul Bowyer. 2007. "Can we measure terrestrial photosynthesis from space directly, using spectral reflectance and fluorescence?" Global Change Biology 13, no. 7: 1484-1497.

Dataset
Published: 07 February 2005 in ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center Datasets
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ACS Style

Paul Bowyer; F. M. Danson; N. M. Trodd. SAFARI 2000 CANOPY STRUCTURAL MEASUREMENTS, KALAHARI TRANSECT, WET SEASON 2001. ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center Datasets 2005, 1 .

AMA Style

Paul Bowyer, F. M. Danson, N. M. Trodd. SAFARI 2000 CANOPY STRUCTURAL MEASUREMENTS, KALAHARI TRANSECT, WET SEASON 2001. ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center Datasets. 2005; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul Bowyer; F. M. Danson; N. M. Trodd. 2005. "SAFARI 2000 CANOPY STRUCTURAL MEASUREMENTS, KALAHARI TRANSECT, WET SEASON 2001." ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center Datasets , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 30 August 2004 in Remote Sensing of Environment
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Imaging spectrometer data were acquired over conifer stands to retrieve spatially distributed information on canopy structure and foliage water content, which may be used to assess fire risk and to manage the impact of forest fires. The study relied on a comprehensive field campaign using stratified systematic unaligned sampling ranging from full spectroradiometric characterization of the canopy to conventional measurements of biochemical and biophysical variables. Airborne imaging spectrometer data (DAIS7915 and ROSIS) were acquired parallel to the ground measurements, describing the canopy reflectance of the observed forest. Coniferous canopies are highly heterogeneous and thus the transfer of incident radiation within the canopy is dominated by its structure. We demonstrated the viability of radiative transfer representation and compared the performance of two hybrid canopy reflectance models, GeoSAIL and FLIGHT, within this heterogeneous medium. Despite the different nature and canopy representation of these models, they yielded similar results. Subsequently, the inversion of a hyperspectral GeoSAIL version demonstrated the feasibility of estimating structure and foliage water content of a coniferous canopy based on radiative transfer modeling. Estimates of the canopy variables showed reasonably accurate results and were validated through ground measurements.

ACS Style

Benjamin Kötz; Michael Schaepman; Felix Morsdorf; Paul Bowyer; Klaus Itten; Britta Allgöwer. Radiative transfer modeling within a heterogeneous canopy for estimation of forest fire fuel properties. Remote Sensing of Environment 2004, 92, 332 -344.

AMA Style

Benjamin Kötz, Michael Schaepman, Felix Morsdorf, Paul Bowyer, Klaus Itten, Britta Allgöwer. Radiative transfer modeling within a heterogeneous canopy for estimation of forest fire fuel properties. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2004; 92 (3):332-344.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benjamin Kötz; Michael Schaepman; Felix Morsdorf; Paul Bowyer; Klaus Itten; Britta Allgöwer. 2004. "Radiative transfer modeling within a heterogeneous canopy for estimation of forest fire fuel properties." Remote Sensing of Environment 92, no. 3: 332-344.

Journal article
Published: 30 August 2004 in Remote Sensing of Environment
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Wildland fires burn large areas of the earth's land surface annually, causing significant environmental damage and danger to human health. In order to mitigate the effects, and to better manage the incidence of such fires, fire behaviour models are used to predict, among other things, the likelihood of ignition, the rate of spread, and the intensity and duration of burning. A key input parameter to these models is the amount of water in the vegetation, described as the fuel moisture content (FMC). A number of studies have shown that vegetation indices (VI) calculated from red and NIR reflectances may be used to map spatial and temporal variation in FMC in a range of fire-prone environments, with varying degrees of success. Strong empirical relationships may be established between VI and FMC over grasslands, yet over shrublands and forests, the relationships are weaker. If FMC is to be estimated with greater accuracy and consistency than is currently achieved, it is necessary to fully understand the relative contribution that spatial and temporal variation in the various biophysical and geometrical variables make to reflectance variability at the leaf and canopy level. This paper uses a modelling approach to investigate the sensitivity of reflectance data at leaf and canopy level to variation in the biophysical variables that are used to compute FMC. At the leaf level, the results show that the sensitivity of reflectance to variation in leaf water and dry matter content, used to compute FMC, is greatest in the SWIR and NIR, respectively. Variation in FMC has no effect in the visible wavelengths. At the canopy level, the results show that the sensitivity of reflectance to variation in leaf water and dry matter content is heavily dependent upon the type of model used and the range of variation over which the variables are tested. In the longer wavelengths of the SWIR, the competing influence of variable leaf area index, fractional vegetation cover, and solar zenith angle is shown to be greater than that at the shorter wavelengths of the SWIR and NIR. Empirical relationships between the normalised difference water index (NDWI) and FMC are shown to be weaker than that with canopy water content. However, when the range of the variables under study is more limited, useful empirical relationships between FMC and remotely sensed VI may be established.

ACS Style

P. Bowyer; Francis Danson. Sensitivity of spectral reflectance to variation in live fuel moisture content at leaf and canopy level. Remote Sensing of Environment 2004, 92, 297 -308.

AMA Style

P. Bowyer, Francis Danson. Sensitivity of spectral reflectance to variation in live fuel moisture content at leaf and canopy level. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2004; 92 (3):297-308.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. Bowyer; Francis Danson. 2004. "Sensitivity of spectral reflectance to variation in live fuel moisture content at leaf and canopy level." Remote Sensing of Environment 92, no. 3: 297-308.

Journal article
Published: 30 August 2004 in Remote Sensing of Environment
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Fuel moisture content (FMC) is used in forest fire danger models to characterise the moisture status of the foliage. FMC expresses the amount of water in a leaf relative to the amount of dry matter and differs from measures of leaf water content which express the amount of water in a leaf relative to its area. FMC is related to both leaf water content and leaf dry matter content, and the relationships between FMC and remotely sensed reflectance will therefore be affected by variation in both leaf biophysical properties. This paper uses spectral reflectance data from the Leaf Optical Properties EXperiment (LOPEX) and modelled data from the Prospect leaf reflectance model to examine the relationships between FMC, leaf equivalent water thickness (EWT) and a range of spectral vegetation indices (VI) designed to estimate leaf and canopy water content. Significant correlations were found between FMC and all of the selected vegetation indices for both modelled and measured data, but statistically stronger relationships were found with leaf EWT; overall, the water index (WI) was found to be most strongly correlated with FMC. The accuracy of FMC estimation was very low when the global range of FMC was examined, but for a restricted range of 0–100%, FMC was estimated with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 15% in the model simulations and 51% with the measured data. The paper shows that the estimation of live FMC from remotely sensed vegetation indices is likely to be problematic when there is variability in both leaf water content and leaf dry matter content in the target leaves. Estimating FMC from remotely sensed data at the canopy level is likely to be further complicated by spatial and temporal variations in leaf area index (LAI). Further research is required to assess the potential of canopy reflectance model inversion to estimate live fuel moisture content where a priori information on vegetation properties may be used to constrain the inversion process.

ACS Style

F.M. Danson; P. Bowyer. Estimating live fuel moisture content from remotely sensed reflectance. Remote Sensing of Environment 2004, 92, 309 -321.

AMA Style

F.M. Danson, P. Bowyer. Estimating live fuel moisture content from remotely sensed reflectance. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2004; 92 (3):309-321.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F.M. Danson; P. Bowyer. 2004. "Estimating live fuel moisture content from remotely sensed reflectance." Remote Sensing of Environment 92, no. 3: 309-321.

Conference paper
Published: 30 June 2004 in IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477)
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ACS Style

Francis Danson; Paul Bowyer. Sensitivity of remotely sensed reflectance to variation in fuel moisture content at leaf and canopy scale. IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477) 2004, 1 .

AMA Style

Francis Danson, Paul Bowyer. Sensitivity of remotely sensed reflectance to variation in fuel moisture content at leaf and canopy scale. IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477). 2004; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francis Danson; Paul Bowyer. 2004. "Sensitivity of remotely sensed reflectance to variation in fuel moisture content at leaf and canopy scale." IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477) , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 30 June 2004 in IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477)
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ACS Style

Benjamin Kötz; Michael Schaepman; Felix Morsdorf; Klaus Itten; Britta Allgöwer; Paul Bowyer. Multi-resolution imaging spectroscopy resolving the structure of heterogeneous canopies for forest fire fuel properties mapping. IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477) 2004, 1 .

AMA Style

Benjamin Kötz, Michael Schaepman, Felix Morsdorf, Klaus Itten, Britta Allgöwer, Paul Bowyer. Multi-resolution imaging spectroscopy resolving the structure of heterogeneous canopies for forest fire fuel properties mapping. IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477). 2004; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benjamin Kötz; Michael Schaepman; Felix Morsdorf; Klaus Itten; Britta Allgöwer; Paul Bowyer. 2004. "Multi-resolution imaging spectroscopy resolving the structure of heterogeneous canopies for forest fire fuel properties mapping." IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477) , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 03 June 2004 in IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477)
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Local and global sensitivity analysis (SA) methods were compared to demonstrate how the choice of SA method leads to differences in the quantification of the relative importance of model parameters in driving canopy reflectance variability. The global SA method used was the Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (EFAST), while a series of basecase simulations were defined for the local SA, and model parameters were perturbed sequentially. Canopy reflectance was simulated using the ProGOSAIL model. Some pronounced differences were found between the two methods in terms of the magnitude of the importance, the rank importance, and the wavelengths at which model parameters are most important in explaining reflectance variability.

ACS Style

Paul Bowyer; Francis Danson; Nigel Trodd. Methods of sensitivity analysis in remote sensing: implications for canopy reflectance model inversion. IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477) 2004, 1 .

AMA Style

Paul Bowyer, Francis Danson, Nigel Trodd. Methods of sensitivity analysis in remote sensing: implications for canopy reflectance model inversion. IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477). 2004; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul Bowyer; Francis Danson; Nigel Trodd. 2004. "Methods of sensitivity analysis in remote sensing: implications for canopy reflectance model inversion." IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477) , no. : 1.