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An effective and sensitive method is necessary for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) pollutants in water. In this study, effervescent-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of the aqueous phase (EA-DLLME-SAP), followed by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) quantitative analysis, was established for the preconcentration and determination of PBDEs in real environmental water samples. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane was used as the extractant and directly dispersed into the water phase of the aqueous samples with the aid of a large number of carbon dioxide bubbles generated via the acid-base reaction of acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate, which did not require the use of a dispersant during the extraction process. The key factors affecting the extraction recovery were optimized, and an internal standard was used for quantitative analysis, which gave good linearity ranges of 1–100 ng·L−1 (BDEs 28, 47, 99, and 100), 2–200 ng·L−1 (BDEs 153, 154, and 183) and 5–500 ng·L−1 (BDE 209) with limits of quantification in the range of 1.0–5.0 ng·L−1. The accuracy was verified with relative standard deviations < 8.5% observed in tap, lake, river and reservoir water samples with relative recoveries ranging from 67.2 to 102.6%. The presented method contributes to the determination of PBDEs in environmental water samples.
Yue Wang; Qicai Zhang; Shanshan Chen; Lin Cheng; Xu Jing; Xianli Wang; Shuhui Guan; Weiguo Song; Qinxiong Rao. Determination of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Water Samples Using Effervescent-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Icroextraction with Solidification of the Aqueous Phase. Molecules 2021, 26, 1376 .
AMA StyleYue Wang, Qicai Zhang, Shanshan Chen, Lin Cheng, Xu Jing, Xianli Wang, Shuhui Guan, Weiguo Song, Qinxiong Rao. Determination of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Water Samples Using Effervescent-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Icroextraction with Solidification of the Aqueous Phase. Molecules. 2021; 26 (5):1376.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYue Wang; Qicai Zhang; Shanshan Chen; Lin Cheng; Xu Jing; Xianli Wang; Shuhui Guan; Weiguo Song; Qinxiong Rao. 2021. "Determination of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Water Samples Using Effervescent-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Icroextraction with Solidification of the Aqueous Phase." Molecules 26, no. 5: 1376.
Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is widely used to control soilborne diseases in organic crop production. The effect of ASD used different sealed films on soilborne pathogens and strawberry growth was evaluated in two laboratory studies and two field trials. Under maltose as carbon sources, 28 °C temperature and 30% of soil moisture optimal conditions ASD decreased Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp. by 100%. ASD used maltose as an organic amendment and sealed with totally impermeable film (TIF) obtained the highest suppression (>96%) against Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp. (>91%). According to the laboratory results, the efficacy of ASD utilizing 6 or 9 t/ha maltose and sealing with TIF was evaluated and compared with reference treatment with chloropicrin (Pic) or solarization (Sol) in the field trials. Compared with the untreated soil, ASD treatments greatly reduced the pathogenic population of Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp., and successfully controlled the damage of fusarium wilt with evidence of lower mortality (6%). ASD significantly increased soil nutrition promoted plant growth and increased strawberry yield, which was similar as the Pic, but better than Sol treatment. The analyzed fungal and bacterial microbiota did not show significant differences in the taxonomic richness and diversity between the compared treatments. Nevertheless, the abundance of some bacterial and fungal taxa tended to change between treated. The evidence showed that adding maltose and sealing TIF for ASD has the potential to replace Pic for pathogen control in commercial strawberry production.
Zhaoxin Song; Dongdong Yan; Wensheng Fang; Bin Huang; Xianli Wang; Daqi Zhang; Jiahong Zhu; Jie Liu; Canbin Ouyang; Yuan Li; Qiuxia Wang; Sebastien Massart; Aocheng Cao. Maltose and Totally Impermeable Film Enhanced Suppression of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation on Soilborne Pathogens and Increased Strawberry Yield. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5456 .
AMA StyleZhaoxin Song, Dongdong Yan, Wensheng Fang, Bin Huang, Xianli Wang, Daqi Zhang, Jiahong Zhu, Jie Liu, Canbin Ouyang, Yuan Li, Qiuxia Wang, Sebastien Massart, Aocheng Cao. Maltose and Totally Impermeable Film Enhanced Suppression of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation on Soilborne Pathogens and Increased Strawberry Yield. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaoxin Song; Dongdong Yan; Wensheng Fang; Bin Huang; Xianli Wang; Daqi Zhang; Jiahong Zhu; Jie Liu; Canbin Ouyang; Yuan Li; Qiuxia Wang; Sebastien Massart; Aocheng Cao. 2020. "Maltose and Totally Impermeable Film Enhanced Suppression of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation on Soilborne Pathogens and Increased Strawberry Yield." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5456.