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Airton Kunz
UNIOESTE/CASCAVEL/CCET/PGEAGRI, Western Paraná State University, 85819-110, Cascavel, PR, Brazil

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Review article
Published: 17 July 2021 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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In the present study was evaluated and compared the effects of swine manure storage on a low-cost solid-liquid separation approach. We also determined the consequences of these stages on further treatment for energy recovery and environmental impact reduction. Different hydraulic retention times were studied in the solid-liquid separation techniques to determine the best pre-treatment conditions and apply these conditions in anaerobic digestion. This evaluation highlighted the possibility and advantages of applying solid-liquid separation using a settling pre-treatment in the swine chain. Storage time significantly affected the efficiency of screening which was reduced by 80 ± 0.5% after 5 d compared to fresh manure screening. This directly reflected the sludge volume generated in the following stages, with sludge increments of 51 ± 0.1% for settling. The waste solid-liquid separation provided better energy production results when the manure storage time was less than 5 d, resulting in improved power generation capacity of the system (up to 4.5 kWh of electricity for each m3 of raw manure). We observed the positive contribution of adequate manure management in swine sustainability through the life-cycle assessment of the swine chain during manure storage, solid-liquid separation, and anaerobic digestion. It promoted low greenhouse gas emissions, resulted in a carbon-neutral chain, and maximized energy production and recovery. The results highlighted the importance of previous solid-liquid separation in anaerobic digestion and the relevance of proper effluent management because more than 5 d of storage time compromised subsequent processes. This was also observed during the life-cycle assessment.

ACS Style

C.E. Hollas; A.C. Bolsan; A. Chini; B. Venturin; G. Bonassa; D. Cândido; F.G. Antes; R.L.R. Steinmetz; N.V. Prado; A. Kunz. Effects of swine manure storage time on solid-liquid separation and biogas production: A life-cycle assessment approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 150, 111472 .

AMA Style

C.E. Hollas, A.C. Bolsan, A. Chini, B. Venturin, G. Bonassa, D. Cândido, F.G. Antes, R.L.R. Steinmetz, N.V. Prado, A. Kunz. Effects of swine manure storage time on solid-liquid separation and biogas production: A life-cycle assessment approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 150 ():111472.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C.E. Hollas; A.C. Bolsan; A. Chini; B. Venturin; G. Bonassa; D. Cândido; F.G. Antes; R.L.R. Steinmetz; N.V. Prado; A. Kunz. 2021. "Effects of swine manure storage time on solid-liquid separation and biogas production: A life-cycle assessment approach." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 150, no. : 111472.

Review
Published: 24 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Phosphorus (P) is essential for life and has a fundamental role in industry and the world food production system. The present work describes different technologies adopted for what is called the second-generation P recovery framework, that encompass the P obtained from residues and wastes. The second-generation P has a high potential to substitute the first-generation P comprising that originally mined from rock phosphates for agricultural production. Several physical, chemical, and biological processes are available for use in second-generation P recovery. They include both concentrating and recovery technologies: (1) chemical extraction using magnesium and calcium precipitating compounds yielding struvite, newberyite and calcium phosphates; (2) thermal treatments like combustion, hydrothermal carbonization, and pyrolysis; (3) nanofiltration and ion exchange methods; (4) electrochemical processes; and (5) biological processes such as composting, algae uptake, and phosphate accumulating microorganisms (PAOs). However, the best technology to use depends on the characteristic of the waste, the purpose of the process, the cost, and the availability of land. The exhaustion of deposits (economic problem) and the accumulation of P (environmental problem) are the main drivers to incentivize the P’s recovery from various wastes. Besides promoting the resource’s safety, the recovery of P introduces the residues as raw materials, closing the productive systems loop and reducing their environmental damage.

ACS Style

Camila Hollas; Alice Bolsan; Bruno Venturin; Gabriela Bonassa; Deisi Tápparo; Daniela Cândido; Fabiane Antes; Matias Vanotti; Ariel Szögi; Airton Kunz. Second-Generation Phosphorus: Recovery from Wastes towards the Sustainability of Production Chains. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5919 .

AMA Style

Camila Hollas, Alice Bolsan, Bruno Venturin, Gabriela Bonassa, Deisi Tápparo, Daniela Cândido, Fabiane Antes, Matias Vanotti, Ariel Szögi, Airton Kunz. Second-Generation Phosphorus: Recovery from Wastes towards the Sustainability of Production Chains. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5919.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Camila Hollas; Alice Bolsan; Bruno Venturin; Gabriela Bonassa; Deisi Tápparo; Daniela Cândido; Fabiane Antes; Matias Vanotti; Ariel Szögi; Airton Kunz. 2021. "Second-Generation Phosphorus: Recovery from Wastes towards the Sustainability of Production Chains." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5919.

Short communication
Published: 11 May 2021 in Bioresource Technology Reports
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The paper deals a case study of solid-liquid separation (SLS) approaches for swine manure biogas recovery in a system configured to treat solid fraction on Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) and liquid fraction on Covered lagoon biodigester (CLB) in a large scale. At the same time, scale down reactors on laboratory scale were operated under same conditions. Biogas productivity of full-scale CSTR showed an average of 0.65 ± 0.23 NLbiogas L−1reactor d−1, while CLB was around 0.18 ± 0.05 NLbiogas L−1reactor d−1. The results of lab-scale can predict digestion capability and methane recovery for full-scale system. Economy in biogas plant construction and operation, biogas generation constantly and digestate treatment system implementation are the mainly benefits to use SLS followed different reactor configurations. Biological desulfurization process was dependent of biogas retention time. By the way, operational improvements made on large scale have allowed an advance in the productivity and biogas quality.

ACS Style

Deisi Cristina Tápparo; Daniela Cândido; Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz; Christian Etzkorn; André Cestonaro Do Amaral; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; Airton Kunz. Swine manure biogas production improvement using pre-treatment strategies: Lab-scale studies and full-scale application. Bioresource Technology Reports 2021, 15, 100716 .

AMA Style

Deisi Cristina Tápparo, Daniela Cândido, Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz, Christian Etzkorn, André Cestonaro Do Amaral, Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes, Airton Kunz. Swine manure biogas production improvement using pre-treatment strategies: Lab-scale studies and full-scale application. Bioresource Technology Reports. 2021; 15 ():100716.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deisi Cristina Tápparo; Daniela Cândido; Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz; Christian Etzkorn; André Cestonaro Do Amaral; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; Airton Kunz. 2021. "Swine manure biogas production improvement using pre-treatment strategies: Lab-scale studies and full-scale application." Bioresource Technology Reports 15, no. : 100716.

Review article
Published: 29 April 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
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Organic carbon can affect the biological nitrogen removal process since the Anammox, heterotrophic and denitrifying bacteria have different affinities and feedback in relation to carbon/nitrogen ratio. Therefore, we reviewed the wastewater carbon concentration, its biodegradability and bioavailability to choose the appropriate nitrogen removal process between conventional (nitrification-denitrification) and Anammox-based process (i.e. integrated with the partial nitritation, nitritation, simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification or partial-denitrification). This review will cover: (i) strategies to choose the best nitrogen removal route according to the wastewater characteristics in relation to the organic matter bioavailability and biodegradability; (ii) strategies to efficiently remove nitrogen and the remaining carbon from effluent in anammox-based process and its operating cost; (iii) an economic analysis to determine the operational costs of two-units Anammox-based process when compared with the commonly applied one-unit Anammox system (partial-nitritation-Anammox). On this review, a list of alternatives are summarized and explained for different nitrogen and biodegradable organic carbon concentrations, which are the main factors to determine the best treatment process, based on operational and economic terms. In summary, it depends on the wastewater carbon biodegradability, which implies in the wastewater treatment cost. Thus, to apply the conventional nitrification/denitrification process a CODb/N ratio higher than 3.5 is required to achieve full nitrogen removal efficiency. For an economic point of view, according to the analysis the minimum CODb/gN for successful nitrogen removal by nitrification/denitrification is 5.8 g. If ratios lower than 3.5 are applied, for successfully higher nitrogen removal rates and the economic feasibility of the treatment, Anammox-based routes can be applied to the wastewater treatment plant.

ACS Style

Gabriela Bonassa; Alice Chiapetti Bolsan; Camila Ester Hollas; Bruno Venturin; Daniela Candido; Angélica Chini; Marina C. De Prá; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; José Luis Campos; Airton Kunz. Organic carbon bioavailability: Is it a good driver to choose the best biological nitrogen removal process? Science of The Total Environment 2021, 786, 147390 .

AMA Style

Gabriela Bonassa, Alice Chiapetti Bolsan, Camila Ester Hollas, Bruno Venturin, Daniela Candido, Angélica Chini, Marina C. De Prá, Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes, José Luis Campos, Airton Kunz. Organic carbon bioavailability: Is it a good driver to choose the best biological nitrogen removal process? Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 786 ():147390.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriela Bonassa; Alice Chiapetti Bolsan; Camila Ester Hollas; Bruno Venturin; Daniela Candido; Angélica Chini; Marina C. De Prá; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; José Luis Campos; Airton Kunz. 2021. "Organic carbon bioavailability: Is it a good driver to choose the best biological nitrogen removal process?" Science of The Total Environment 786, no. : 147390.

Journal article
Published: 05 April 2021 in Bioresource Technology
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This study investigated the phycoremediation process from swine digestate integrated with photosynthetic biomass and biogas production in the context of circular economy. Effects of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and pH on biomass productivity and nutrients removal, using a central rotational composite design, were evaluated. pH showed a significant effect on biomass productivity and phosphate removal. The strain Chlorella sorokiniana (LBA#39) was able to tolerate up to 1300 mg TAN L-1 at neutral pH, with maximum biomass productivity of 198 mg DW L-1 d-1 and removal of 90 and 70 (%) of phosphate and nitrogen, respectively. The biomass harvested after phycoremediation from digestate showed high content of volatile solids (95.4%) and proteins (59.5%). Biochemical methane potential (BMP) from microalgae monodigestion was 292 ± 10 mLNCH4 gVSadd-1. The use microalgae biomass addition in the biodigestion process increased up to 32.1% in biogas production. It is an attractive approach to integrating raw materials into existing agro-industrial facilities and improving biogas production, adopting the concept of circular economy and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.

ACS Style

Helga Cristina Fuhrmann Dinnebier; Alexandre Matthiensen; William Michelon; Deisi Cristina Tápparo; Tauani Gabriela Fonseca; Rafael Favretto; Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz; Helen Treichel; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; Airton Kunz. Phycoremediation and biomass production from high strong swine wastewater for biogas generation improvement: An integrated bioprocess. Bioresource Technology 2021, 332, 125111 .

AMA Style

Helga Cristina Fuhrmann Dinnebier, Alexandre Matthiensen, William Michelon, Deisi Cristina Tápparo, Tauani Gabriela Fonseca, Rafael Favretto, Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz, Helen Treichel, Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes, Airton Kunz. Phycoremediation and biomass production from high strong swine wastewater for biogas generation improvement: An integrated bioprocess. Bioresource Technology. 2021; 332 ():125111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Helga Cristina Fuhrmann Dinnebier; Alexandre Matthiensen; William Michelon; Deisi Cristina Tápparo; Tauani Gabriela Fonseca; Rafael Favretto; Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz; Helen Treichel; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; Airton Kunz. 2021. "Phycoremediation and biomass production from high strong swine wastewater for biogas generation improvement: An integrated bioprocess." Bioresource Technology 332, no. : 125111.

Article
Published: 04 January 2021 in Environment, Development and Sustainability
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Anaerobic digestion is a biological process that can partially convert organic matter into gases with potential to energy generation. However, in case of continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) for the treatment of sludge from swine manure, a digestate with a high concentration of solids, undigested carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus is usually obtained, which can limit the direct application to the soil or other direct uses or disposal. Therefore, an additional treatment of digestate is still needed to meet environmental requirements for the viability of an anaerobic digestion plant to enable the disposal of the liquid effluent. In this study, solid-liquid separation (SLS) strategies were studied for treatment of digestate from swine sludge CSTR biodigester. The following processes were tested: settling, centrifugation and chemical flocculation.The performance of each process was evaluated by monitoring the concentrations of the following parameters in the raw digestate and after treatment: total carbon (TC), phosphorus, total kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total solids (TS), volatile solids and fixed solids. The factorial design was used for the optimization of centrifugation and chemical flocculation tests. Total carbon, solids and phosphorus were significantly reduced from digestate using the different SLS processes. However, higher removal efficiencies were obtained by centrifugation, being more expressive to phosphorus, TC and TS (reduction of 95, 90 and 83%, respectively). Furthermore, the sludge production by centrifugation was 3.8 and 7.3 times lower than by settling and chemical flocculation, respectively. Thus, centrifugation could be considered the most appropriate SLS process to enable digestate treatment and the liquid efluent is suitable to be treated by deammonification process for nitrogen removal.

ACS Style

A. Chini; C. E. Hollas; A. C. Bolsan; F. G. Antes; H. Treichel; A. Kunz. Treatment of digestate from swine sludge continuous stirred tank reactor to reduce total carbon and total solids content. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2021, 1 -16.

AMA Style

A. Chini, C. E. Hollas, A. C. Bolsan, F. G. Antes, H. Treichel, A. Kunz. Treatment of digestate from swine sludge continuous stirred tank reactor to reduce total carbon and total solids content. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2021; ():1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Chini; C. E. Hollas; A. C. Bolsan; F. G. Antes; H. Treichel; A. Kunz. 2021. "Treatment of digestate from swine sludge continuous stirred tank reactor to reduce total carbon and total solids content." Environment, Development and Sustainability , no. : 1-16.

Journal article
Published: 25 September 2020 in Bioresource Technology
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A collection of kinetic models to explore the bacteria pathway inhibition by high-ammonia during deammonification process was fitted. The main goal was to determine the substrate concentration to operate the deammonification with efficiency, performance and low impact to ANAMMOX and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) by substrate. A new mathematical model was created to describe the deammonification behavior, since the empirical theoretical models showed inconsistent parameters to describe the process. The proposed model showed significant prediction to the estimable parameters and according to it, until 550 mg NH3-N L−1 no inhibitions by ammonia and nitrite were observed. However, concentrations higher than this promote the decrease on specific bacterial activity and nitrite accumulation, since it was not quickly consumed by the bacteria. The proposed model can be applied to predict microorganism affinity and inhibition by substrate over a wide range of ammonia concentrations (<900 mgNH3-N L−1) in reactors treating high-ammonia concentration swine wastewater.

ACS Style

Gabriela Bonassa; Alice Chiapetti Bolsan; Bruno Venturin; Marina Celant De Prá; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; Camila Ester Hollas; Gracielle Johann; Arlei Coldebella; Airton Kunz. A new kinetic model to predict substrate inhibition and better efficiency in an airlift reactor on deammonification process. Bioresource Technology 2020, 319, 124158 .

AMA Style

Gabriela Bonassa, Alice Chiapetti Bolsan, Bruno Venturin, Marina Celant De Prá, Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes, Camila Ester Hollas, Gracielle Johann, Arlei Coldebella, Airton Kunz. A new kinetic model to predict substrate inhibition and better efficiency in an airlift reactor on deammonification process. Bioresource Technology. 2020; 319 ():124158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriela Bonassa; Alice Chiapetti Bolsan; Bruno Venturin; Marina Celant De Prá; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; Camila Ester Hollas; Gracielle Johann; Arlei Coldebella; Airton Kunz. 2020. "A new kinetic model to predict substrate inhibition and better efficiency in an airlift reactor on deammonification process." Bioresource Technology 319, no. : 124158.

Original research article
Published: 25 May 2020 in Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
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We studied different pre-treatments of poultry litter aiming to add economic value to this residue. Strategies were applied to extract ammonium nitrogen with the aim of allowing its further use as fertilizer, and to promote the hydrolysis and solubilization of lignocellulosic components with the aim of facilitating its subsequent conversion to biogas. Ammonia extraction was performed by solubilization in water in a one-step process and by successive extraction steps (3 times 60 min). Successive extractions presented greater removal of total ammonia nitrogen than did one-step extraction, solubilizing about 36% of the ammonia in water. In parallel pre-treatment using ultrasound was performed to increase carbon bioavailability for anaerobic digestion. Using this tool, 24.7 g kg−1 of total organic carbon and 13.0 g kg−1 of total reducing sugars were solubilized, employing 10% dry mass sample amount, 100% amplitude ultrasound at frequency of 20 kHz amplitude and 2.5 min of treatment (energy input of 299 ± 7 kJ L−1; 3,822 ± 95 kJ kg−1). Anaerobic digestion of ultrassound pre-treated biomass was evaluated using a biological biogas production assay, and an increase of 10% of biogas production was obtained compared to untreated samples (147.9 and 163.0 mL g−1 for crude and pre-treated PL, respectively). The findings suggest that these are environmentally friendly and sustainable strategies to add economic value to poultry litter, reducing the environmental impacts of improper disposal.

ACS Style

Taís Carla Gaspareto; Thamarys Scapini; Bruno Venturin; Deisi Cristina Tápparo; Aline Frumi Camargo; Marco Di Luccio; Alexsandra Valerio; Rafael Favretto; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; Ricardo Luís Radis Steinmetz; Helen Treichel; Airton Kunz. Pre-treatment Strategies for Value Addition in Poultry Litter. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 2020, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Taís Carla Gaspareto, Thamarys Scapini, Bruno Venturin, Deisi Cristina Tápparo, Aline Frumi Camargo, Marco Di Luccio, Alexsandra Valerio, Rafael Favretto, Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes, Ricardo Luís Radis Steinmetz, Helen Treichel, Airton Kunz. Pre-treatment Strategies for Value Addition in Poultry Litter. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2020; 8 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Taís Carla Gaspareto; Thamarys Scapini; Bruno Venturin; Deisi Cristina Tápparo; Aline Frumi Camargo; Marco Di Luccio; Alexsandra Valerio; Rafael Favretto; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; Ricardo Luís Radis Steinmetz; Helen Treichel; Airton Kunz. 2020. "Pre-treatment Strategies for Value Addition in Poultry Litter." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 8, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2020 in Bioresource Technology
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The performance of a deammonification reactor fed with increasing nitrogen loading rates (NLR) was evaluated. The digestate from a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) treating sludge from a swine production unit was diluted to provide different ammonia concentrations. The biomass samples from the end of each experimental phase were analyzed for microorganism community evaluation. The results proved that deammonification system supported a NLR up to 3.27 ± 0.13 g N L−1 d−1 with nitrogen removal efficiency of 83%. The specific ammonia consumption rate (µNH3-N) did not decrease up to this NLR proving the stability of reactor performance. Anammox bacteria genus shifted along the experiment and at the end the predominant anammox bacteria found in the reactor was candidatus Brocadia. Finally, it was proved that a deammonification reactor for nitrogen removal from CSTR digestate could be easily controlled only by monitoring pH and dissolved oxygen.

ACS Style

Angélica Chini; Camila Ester Hollas; Alice Chiapetti Bolsan; Bruno Venturin; Gabriela Bonassa; Mauricio Egidio Cantão; Adriana Mercia Guaratini Ibelli; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; Airton Kunz. Process performance and anammox community diversity in a deammonification reactor under progressive nitrogen loading rates for swine wastewater treatment. Bioresource Technology 2020, 311, 123521 .

AMA Style

Angélica Chini, Camila Ester Hollas, Alice Chiapetti Bolsan, Bruno Venturin, Gabriela Bonassa, Mauricio Egidio Cantão, Adriana Mercia Guaratini Ibelli, Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes, Airton Kunz. Process performance and anammox community diversity in a deammonification reactor under progressive nitrogen loading rates for swine wastewater treatment. Bioresource Technology. 2020; 311 ():123521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angélica Chini; Camila Ester Hollas; Alice Chiapetti Bolsan; Bruno Venturin; Gabriela Bonassa; Mauricio Egidio Cantão; Adriana Mercia Guaratini Ibelli; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; Airton Kunz. 2020. "Process performance and anammox community diversity in a deammonification reactor under progressive nitrogen loading rates for swine wastewater treatment." Bioresource Technology 311, no. : 123521.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2019 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Digestate from anaerobic processes still contains relatively high amount of total organic carbon (TOC) that can inhibit deammonification. In this sense, the present study investigated the interference of TOC in a lab-scale expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) deammonification reactor treating digestate from a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) swine sludge biodigester. Additionally, the microorganisms community was analyzed when the process was submitted to different operational conditions. The study was divided into three phases according to the C/N ratio (0, 0.5 and 1 for phase I, phase II and phase III, respectively). At phase I the average nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) was 65 ± 1.6%. With the increase of TOC in phase II (156 ± 8.15 mg L−1) the average NRE was 61 ± 9.8% which is statically equivalent to phase I (p < 0.05). On the other hand, at phase III (TOC was increased to 255 ± 3.50 mg L−1) the NRE decreased to 50 ± 3.9% which was 22% lower than in phase II. Stoichiometric coefficients of N2 was close to theoretical values during all experimental phases, while stoichiometric coefficient of N–NO3- was lower than theoretical values specially during phase III. Ca. Jettenia was favored when the reactor was fed with digestate although its proportion decreased in phase III. Thus, at the conditions employed in the present study it is recommended to use a C/N ratio of 0.5 (TOC concentration around 156 mg L−1) to treat digestate by deammonification process, in order to not diminish anammox microorganisms abundance. Thereby, the microorganisms community can be modulated based on carbon and nitrogen loading rates of a deammonification reactor for swine manure treatment purpose.

ACS Style

Angélica Chini; Alice Chiapetti Bolsan; Camila Ester Hollas; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; Gislaine Fongaro; Helen Treichel; Airton Kunz. Evaluation of deammonification reactor performance and microrganisms community during treatment of digestate from swine sludge CSTR biodigester. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 246, 19 -26.

AMA Style

Angélica Chini, Alice Chiapetti Bolsan, Camila Ester Hollas, Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes, Gislaine Fongaro, Helen Treichel, Airton Kunz. Evaluation of deammonification reactor performance and microrganisms community during treatment of digestate from swine sludge CSTR biodigester. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 246 ():19-26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angélica Chini; Alice Chiapetti Bolsan; Camila Ester Hollas; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; Gislaine Fongaro; Helen Treichel; Airton Kunz. 2019. "Evaluation of deammonification reactor performance and microrganisms community during treatment of digestate from swine sludge CSTR biodigester." Journal of Environmental Management 246, no. : 19-26.

Original paper
Published: 20 March 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
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The current scenario requires treatment systems with high efficiency, easy operation and low cost. The solid–liquid separation process as a pre-treatment of swine manure is an efficient strategy improving the wastewater management and treatment. In this sense, the aim of this study was to establish for the first time a condition in which swine manure treatment could be successfully performed using a simple solid-liquid separation, combined with nitrification and denitrification process in a modified Ludzack–Ettinger system. The solids separation was done with a brush-roller screen (2 mm mesh) followed by a settling unit. The nitrogen removal unit was composed of a modified Ludzack–Ettinger process, operated in three phases, according to different sedimentation times in the solid–liquid separation process. The modified Ludzack–Ettinger system showed good performance for treatment of swine wastewater with total suspend solids concentration higher than 14 g L−1, reaching removal efficiency of 88.3% for nitrogen and 86.3% for total organic carbon removal. The results obtained in this study confirm that it is possible to operate the modified Ludzack–Ettinger system at high total solids concentration using a simple solid–liquid separation process keeping a high nitrogen removal efficiency.

ACS Style

C. E. Hollas; A. Chini; F. G. Antes; N. V. Do Prado; M. Bortoli; A. Kunz. Modified Ludzack–Ettinger system role in efficient nitrogen removal from swine manure under high total suspended solids concentration. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2019, 16, 7715 -7726.

AMA Style

C. E. Hollas, A. Chini, F. G. Antes, N. V. Do Prado, M. Bortoli, A. Kunz. Modified Ludzack–Ettinger system role in efficient nitrogen removal from swine manure under high total suspended solids concentration. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2019; 16 (12):7715-7726.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. E. Hollas; A. Chini; F. G. Antes; N. V. Do Prado; M. Bortoli; A. Kunz. 2019. "Modified Ludzack–Ettinger system role in efficient nitrogen removal from swine manure under high total suspended solids concentration." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 16, no. 12: 7715-7726.

Chapter
Published: 11 January 2019 in Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies
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Livestock productions are changing with scale production increasing and concentration in some geographical areas. As a consequence, the activity environmental sustainability is under concern especially for manure and carcass management, disposal, or treatment. The livestock production system has its own particularities for each rearing process, resulting in residues with different characteristics. News technologies for pre-treatment and treatment for these residues have been established. Anaerobic digestion is an alternative for treatment due to this process combines the waste stabilization producing renewable energy and biofertilizer. The different components of manure excreted by livestock could be influenced on the biodegradation and biogas production. Previous studies are corroborated in this chapter and highlighted the importance of process control and digestate application when the carcass and manure are digested. For the evaluation of the efficiency of treatment processes, reduce environmental risks, and sanitary aspects, the choice of biomarkers is imperative. This chapter presents an approach and review to legislation about the conditions and criteria for the use of manure and carcasses in biodigesters and subsequently biofertilizer.

ACS Style

Deisi Cristina Tápparo; André Cestonaro Do Amaral; Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz; Airton Kunz. Co-digestion of Animal Manure and Carcasses to Increase Biogas Generation. Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies 2019, 99 -116.

AMA Style

Deisi Cristina Tápparo, André Cestonaro Do Amaral, Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz, Airton Kunz. Co-digestion of Animal Manure and Carcasses to Increase Biogas Generation. Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies. 2019; ():99-116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deisi Cristina Tápparo; André Cestonaro Do Amaral; Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz; Airton Kunz. 2019. "Co-digestion of Animal Manure and Carcasses to Increase Biogas Generation." Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies , no. : 99-116.

Scientific paper
Published: 01 December 2018 in Engenharia Agrícola
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The swine industry has been presented strong growth and thus is producing large volumes of effluents that must be correctly management. Nitritation/denitritation process can be used to improve system performance, saving the energy cost with aeration and with the external source of carbon due to the lower C/N requirement. The aim of this study was to evaluate swine wastewater Nitrification/Denitrification (NDF) and Nitritation/denitritation (NDT) processes at different C/N ratios, using the Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) process, in order to obtain a system with efficient nitrogen removal and low oxygen and carbon consumption. Four phases were conducted during the experiment: Phase I) DO between 2.0-3.0 mg L−1 of O2 and C/N 1.5 (NDF); Phase II) DO between 0.6-0.7 mg L−1 of O2 and C/N 1.5 (NDT); Phase III) DO between 0.6-0.7 mg L−1 of O2, C / N ratios of1.5, 0.9, 0.75 and 0.6 (NDT); Phase IV) DO between 2.0-3.0 mg L−1 of O2, C/N ratios of 1.5, 0.9, 0.75, and 0.6 (NDF). The best operational condition was found in the C / N ratio of 0.9 (Phase III) obtaining an optimum N removal of 86.3%. In this condition, the system saved around 26.8% in total organic carbon consumption and operated at conditions of 74% lower dissolved oxygen when compared to conventional process for N-removal. This strategy can be very useful for nitrogen removal for low carbon swine wastewater as digestate from anaerobic processes.

ACS Style

Adelcio Giongo; Marcelo Bortoli; Marina Celant De Prá; Marcos Veruck; Airton Kunz. SWINE WASTEWATER NITROGEN REMOVAL AT DIFFERENT C/N RATIOS USING THE MODIFIED LUDZACK-ETTINGER PROCESS. Engenharia Agrícola 2018, 38, 968 -977.

AMA Style

Adelcio Giongo, Marcelo Bortoli, Marina Celant De Prá, Marcos Veruck, Airton Kunz. SWINE WASTEWATER NITROGEN REMOVAL AT DIFFERENT C/N RATIOS USING THE MODIFIED LUDZACK-ETTINGER PROCESS. Engenharia Agrícola. 2018; 38 (6):968-977.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adelcio Giongo; Marcelo Bortoli; Marina Celant De Prá; Marcos Veruck; Airton Kunz. 2018. "SWINE WASTEWATER NITROGEN REMOVAL AT DIFFERENT C/N RATIOS USING THE MODIFIED LUDZACK-ETTINGER PROCESS." Engenharia Agrícola 38, no. 6: 968-977.

Article
Published: 20 October 2018 in Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
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Chemical phosphorus removal with hydrated lime was evaluated on effluents from different biological treatment processes applied to swine manure. The objective of this study was to establish the most suitable process for this kind of wastewater treatment. Effluents a UASB reactor, a nitrification reactor (NR), a modified Lutzak–Ettinger (MLE) reactor and a deammonification (DMX) reactor were evaluated. A comprehensive study was developed at laboratory scale to evaluate the effect of possible interferences, including alkalinity, total organic carbon, and ammonia, on phosphorus precipitation. The highest soluble phosphorus (Psol) removal efficiency and the lowest Ca:P molar ratio were obtained for the NR effluent (92% and 2.0, respectively). The good performance of the NR effluent could be attributed to the low level of ammoniacal nitrogen and alkalinity and to the presence of a relatively high concentration of calcium. Highly promising results were also obtained in field experiments, where a phosphorus removal unit was installed as the last step in a swine manure treatment system, and precipitation was applied to effluent from the NR. In this case, efficiencies of Psol removal higher than 90% were obtained. The produced sludge was rich in phosphorus and could be used as, for example, fertilizer. The results obtained in this work showed the importance of applying an efficient treatment system to swine manure for reduction of ammoniacal nitrogen, alkalinity, and carbon before chemical removal of phosphorus by precipitation with hydrated lime.

ACS Style

Lidimara Suzin; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; Gizelle Cristina Bedendo; Marcelo Bortoli; Airton Kunz. Chemical Removal of Phosphorus from Swine Effluent: the Impact of Previous Effluent Treatment Technologies on Process Efficiency. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2018, 229, 341 .

AMA Style

Lidimara Suzin, Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes, Gizelle Cristina Bedendo, Marcelo Bortoli, Airton Kunz. Chemical Removal of Phosphorus from Swine Effluent: the Impact of Previous Effluent Treatment Technologies on Process Efficiency. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2018; 229 (11):341.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lidimara Suzin; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; Gizelle Cristina Bedendo; Marcelo Bortoli; Airton Kunz. 2018. "Chemical Removal of Phosphorus from Swine Effluent: the Impact of Previous Effluent Treatment Technologies on Process Efficiency." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 229, no. 11: 341.

Articles
Published: 21 August 2018 in Environmental Technology
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The present study evaluated anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure and swine carcasses for biogas yield and inactivation/behaviour of pathogens purpose. Biochemical Methane Production tests were performed with samples containing ratios of 3, 7.5 and 15 kgcarcass m−3manure. For pathogens inactivation experiments known amounts of model microrganisms (sensitive and resistant) were artificially inoculated in anaerobic reactors at 24°C and 37°C. The addition of carcass resulted in an increase until 119% of biogas yield compared to swine manure mono-digestion. Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and PCV2 were reduced >3log10 (24°C or 37°C) during 30 days. At 37°C, MS2 and PhiX-174 were reduced 3log10 and 1.8log10, respectively. At 24°C, MS2 reduced 1.5 log10 and PhiX-174 did not present any decay over 30 days. Considering the most resistant biomarkers pathogens, as bacteriophage, we recommend the swine carcasses pre-treatment, such as high temperatures, for sanitary security.

ACS Style

Deisi Tápparo; Aline Viancelli; André Cestonaro Do Amaral; Gislaine Fongaro; Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz; Maria Elisa Magri; Célia Regina Monte Barardi; Airton Kunz. Sanitary effectiveness and biogas yield by anaerobic co-digestion of swine carcasses and manure. Environmental Technology 2018, 41, 682 -690.

AMA Style

Deisi Tápparo, Aline Viancelli, André Cestonaro Do Amaral, Gislaine Fongaro, Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz, Maria Elisa Magri, Célia Regina Monte Barardi, Airton Kunz. Sanitary effectiveness and biogas yield by anaerobic co-digestion of swine carcasses and manure. Environmental Technology. 2018; 41 (6):682-690.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deisi Tápparo; Aline Viancelli; André Cestonaro Do Amaral; Gislaine Fongaro; Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz; Maria Elisa Magri; Célia Regina Monte Barardi; Airton Kunz. 2018. "Sanitary effectiveness and biogas yield by anaerobic co-digestion of swine carcasses and manure." Environmental Technology 41, no. 6: 682-690.

Original research article
Published: 07 August 2018 in Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
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This study evaluated the effect of the substrate:inoculum ratio and digestate recirculation conditions on the biogas and methane yield, free ammonia concentration and solid phase agronomic quality (after treatment) of poultry litter solid state anaerobic digestion (SSAD). Experimental tests were conducted using a central composite design (22), with four trials at the factorial points and three at the central points, using poultry litter as substrate that was collected after 12 cycles of broiler production [TS 76% (w.w−1)]. Three laboratory-scale reactors containing 3 kg of poultry litter each were operated at mesophilic conditions (37°C) and seven experimental runs were performed at retention time of 30 days each. There were three substrate:inoculum ratios (1:1; 1:1.66, and 1:3) and three daily recirculation intervals (2, 3, and 4 times per day), and each recirculation event lasted 15 min. The highest biogas and methane yields were183 LNbiogas.kgVSadd-1 and 74 LNmethane.kgVSadd-1, respectively, and they were obtained at the substrate:inoculum ratio of 1:3 with a digestate recirculation frequency of four times a day. Digestate recirculation was the variable that influenced the concentration of free ammonia; the most frequently recirculated tests had lower concentrations (below 60 mgNH3.L−1). After the SSAD process, we identified a transfer of nutrients (N, P, K) from the solid phase to the liquid phase. The nutrient concentrations in the solid phase (Nout = 11 g.kg−1, Kout = 5 g.kg−1, and Pout = 7 g.kg−1) indicated that the digested poultry litter still has potential for use in fertilization. In this study, it was estimated that 90 m3biogas.tonpoultrylitter-1 was generated using SSAD. Whereas 100 tons of poultry litter are produced after 12 production cycles, the biogas generation capacity reaches 9,000 m3/year. In this scenario, farmers can use biogas from poultry litter SSAD as an additional source of energy.

ACS Style

Vanessa Marchioro; Ricardo L. R. Steinmetz; Andre C. Do Amaral; Taís C. Gaspareto; Helen Treichel; Airton Kunz. Poultry Litter Solid State Anaerobic Digestion: Effect of Digestate Recirculation Intervals and Substrate/Inoculum Ratios on Process Efficiency. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 2018, 2, 1 .

AMA Style

Vanessa Marchioro, Ricardo L. R. Steinmetz, Andre C. Do Amaral, Taís C. Gaspareto, Helen Treichel, Airton Kunz. Poultry Litter Solid State Anaerobic Digestion: Effect of Digestate Recirculation Intervals and Substrate/Inoculum Ratios on Process Efficiency. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 2018; 2 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vanessa Marchioro; Ricardo L. R. Steinmetz; Andre C. Do Amaral; Taís C. Gaspareto; Helen Treichel; Airton Kunz. 2018. "Poultry Litter Solid State Anaerobic Digestion: Effect of Digestate Recirculation Intervals and Substrate/Inoculum Ratios on Process Efficiency." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 2, no. : 1.

Scientific paper
Published: 01 April 2017 in Engenharia Agrícola
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The aim of this study was to monitor the stabilization of a sequential batch reactor (SBR) regarding the partial nitritation of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater, aiming at preparing it for a reactor with bacteria that promote anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox). A cylindrical reactor with a useful volume of 3.5 L, mechanical agitation (50 rpm), and suspended biomass was used in the experiment. The strategies adopted for nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) inhibition were cycle time (CT: 24, 16, 6, 5, 4 h and real-time monitoring), free ammonia accumulation, alkalinity restriction and low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO). The ammonification process, observed at all experimental phases, negatively influenced the control of partial nitritation process. Alkalinity restriction under low cycle times (4 and 5 h) conditions, together with low dissolved oxygen concentration, was a key factor for nitrite-oxidizing bacteria inhibition. Stability of partial nitritation was only reached by real-time monitoring, being the cycles stopped when 50% N–NH4+ and 50% N–NO2− were present in the reactor.

ACS Style

Tatiane M. De Assis; Marcos V. Schilichting; Carla L. Lopes; Airton Kunz; Simone D. Gomes. STABILITY OF PARTIAL NITRITATION OF POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER IN A SEQUENTIAL BATCH REACTOR. Engenharia Agrícola 2017, 37, 323 -332.

AMA Style

Tatiane M. De Assis, Marcos V. Schilichting, Carla L. Lopes, Airton Kunz, Simone D. Gomes. STABILITY OF PARTIAL NITRITATION OF POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER IN A SEQUENTIAL BATCH REACTOR. Engenharia Agrícola. 2017; 37 (2):323-332.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tatiane M. De Assis; Marcos V. Schilichting; Carla L. Lopes; Airton Kunz; Simone D. Gomes. 2017. "STABILITY OF PARTIAL NITRITATION OF POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER IN A SEQUENTIAL BATCH REACTOR." Engenharia Agrícola 37, no. 2: 323-332.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Patrícia Bilotta; Ricardo Luiz Radis Steinmetz; Airton Kunz; Rubia Mores. Swine effluent post-treatment by alkaline control and UV radiation combined for water reuse. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 140, 1247 -1254.

AMA Style

Patrícia Bilotta, Ricardo Luiz Radis Steinmetz, Airton Kunz, Rubia Mores. Swine effluent post-treatment by alkaline control and UV radiation combined for water reuse. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 140 ():1247-1254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patrícia Bilotta; Ricardo Luiz Radis Steinmetz; Airton Kunz; Rubia Mores. 2017. "Swine effluent post-treatment by alkaline control and UV radiation combined for water reuse." Journal of Cleaner Production 140, no. : 1247-1254.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Desalination and Water Treatment
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Saqib Mukhtar; Amir Masoud Samani Majd; S. Borhan; Airton Kunz. Effective surface area of a gas permeable membrane system in removing and retention of ammonia from dairy manure. Desalination and Water Treatment 2017, 11 -18.

AMA Style

Saqib Mukhtar, Amir Masoud Samani Majd, S. Borhan, Airton Kunz. Effective surface area of a gas permeable membrane system in removing and retention of ammonia from dairy manure. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2017; ():11-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saqib Mukhtar; Amir Masoud Samani Majd; S. Borhan; Airton Kunz. 2017. "Effective surface area of a gas permeable membrane system in removing and retention of ammonia from dairy manure." Desalination and Water Treatment , no. : 11-18.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2017 in International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork
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Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz; Vanessa Gressler; Airton Kunz; Hugo Moreira Soares. In vitro assay for antimicrobial interaction evaluation and risk assessment of antimicrobials in anaerobic digestion of swine manure. International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz, Vanessa Gressler, Airton Kunz, Hugo Moreira Soares. In vitro assay for antimicrobial interaction evaluation and risk assessment of antimicrobials in anaerobic digestion of swine manure. International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz; Vanessa Gressler; Airton Kunz; Hugo Moreira Soares. 2017. "In vitro assay for antimicrobial interaction evaluation and risk assessment of antimicrobials in anaerobic digestion of swine manure." International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork , no. : 1.