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Camila Hollas
Center for Exact and Technological Sciences, PGEAGRI, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel 85819-110, PR, Brazil

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Review
Published: 24 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Phosphorus (P) is essential for life and has a fundamental role in industry and the world food production system. The present work describes different technologies adopted for what is called the second-generation P recovery framework, that encompass the P obtained from residues and wastes. The second-generation P has a high potential to substitute the first-generation P comprising that originally mined from rock phosphates for agricultural production. Several physical, chemical, and biological processes are available for use in second-generation P recovery. They include both concentrating and recovery technologies: (1) chemical extraction using magnesium and calcium precipitating compounds yielding struvite, newberyite and calcium phosphates; (2) thermal treatments like combustion, hydrothermal carbonization, and pyrolysis; (3) nanofiltration and ion exchange methods; (4) electrochemical processes; and (5) biological processes such as composting, algae uptake, and phosphate accumulating microorganisms (PAOs). However, the best technology to use depends on the characteristic of the waste, the purpose of the process, the cost, and the availability of land. The exhaustion of deposits (economic problem) and the accumulation of P (environmental problem) are the main drivers to incentivize the P’s recovery from various wastes. Besides promoting the resource’s safety, the recovery of P introduces the residues as raw materials, closing the productive systems loop and reducing their environmental damage.

ACS Style

Camila Hollas; Alice Bolsan; Bruno Venturin; Gabriela Bonassa; Deisi Tápparo; Daniela Cândido; Fabiane Antes; Matias Vanotti; Ariel Szögi; Airton Kunz. Second-Generation Phosphorus: Recovery from Wastes towards the Sustainability of Production Chains. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5919 .

AMA Style

Camila Hollas, Alice Bolsan, Bruno Venturin, Gabriela Bonassa, Deisi Tápparo, Daniela Cândido, Fabiane Antes, Matias Vanotti, Ariel Szögi, Airton Kunz. Second-Generation Phosphorus: Recovery from Wastes towards the Sustainability of Production Chains. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5919.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Camila Hollas; Alice Bolsan; Bruno Venturin; Gabriela Bonassa; Deisi Tápparo; Daniela Cândido; Fabiane Antes; Matias Vanotti; Ariel Szögi; Airton Kunz. 2021. "Second-Generation Phosphorus: Recovery from Wastes towards the Sustainability of Production Chains." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5919.

Article
Published: 04 January 2021 in Environment, Development and Sustainability
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Anaerobic digestion is a biological process that can partially convert organic matter into gases with potential to energy generation. However, in case of continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) for the treatment of sludge from swine manure, a digestate with a high concentration of solids, undigested carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus is usually obtained, which can limit the direct application to the soil or other direct uses or disposal. Therefore, an additional treatment of digestate is still needed to meet environmental requirements for the viability of an anaerobic digestion plant to enable the disposal of the liquid effluent. In this study, solid-liquid separation (SLS) strategies were studied for treatment of digestate from swine sludge CSTR biodigester. The following processes were tested: settling, centrifugation and chemical flocculation.The performance of each process was evaluated by monitoring the concentrations of the following parameters in the raw digestate and after treatment: total carbon (TC), phosphorus, total kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total solids (TS), volatile solids and fixed solids. The factorial design was used for the optimization of centrifugation and chemical flocculation tests. Total carbon, solids and phosphorus were significantly reduced from digestate using the different SLS processes. However, higher removal efficiencies were obtained by centrifugation, being more expressive to phosphorus, TC and TS (reduction of 95, 90 and 83%, respectively). Furthermore, the sludge production by centrifugation was 3.8 and 7.3 times lower than by settling and chemical flocculation, respectively. Thus, centrifugation could be considered the most appropriate SLS process to enable digestate treatment and the liquid efluent is suitable to be treated by deammonification process for nitrogen removal.

ACS Style

A. Chini; C. E. Hollas; A. C. Bolsan; F. G. Antes; H. Treichel; A. Kunz. Treatment of digestate from swine sludge continuous stirred tank reactor to reduce total carbon and total solids content. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2021, 1 -16.

AMA Style

A. Chini, C. E. Hollas, A. C. Bolsan, F. G. Antes, H. Treichel, A. Kunz. Treatment of digestate from swine sludge continuous stirred tank reactor to reduce total carbon and total solids content. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2021; ():1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Chini; C. E. Hollas; A. C. Bolsan; F. G. Antes; H. Treichel; A. Kunz. 2021. "Treatment of digestate from swine sludge continuous stirred tank reactor to reduce total carbon and total solids content." Environment, Development and Sustainability , no. : 1-16.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2019 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Digestate from anaerobic processes still contains relatively high amount of total organic carbon (TOC) that can inhibit deammonification. In this sense, the present study investigated the interference of TOC in a lab-scale expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) deammonification reactor treating digestate from a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) swine sludge biodigester. Additionally, the microorganisms community was analyzed when the process was submitted to different operational conditions. The study was divided into three phases according to the C/N ratio (0, 0.5 and 1 for phase I, phase II and phase III, respectively). At phase I the average nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) was 65 ± 1.6%. With the increase of TOC in phase II (156 ± 8.15 mg L−1) the average NRE was 61 ± 9.8% which is statically equivalent to phase I (p < 0.05). On the other hand, at phase III (TOC was increased to 255 ± 3.50 mg L−1) the NRE decreased to 50 ± 3.9% which was 22% lower than in phase II. Stoichiometric coefficients of N2 was close to theoretical values during all experimental phases, while stoichiometric coefficient of N–NO3- was lower than theoretical values specially during phase III. Ca. Jettenia was favored when the reactor was fed with digestate although its proportion decreased in phase III. Thus, at the conditions employed in the present study it is recommended to use a C/N ratio of 0.5 (TOC concentration around 156 mg L−1) to treat digestate by deammonification process, in order to not diminish anammox microorganisms abundance. Thereby, the microorganisms community can be modulated based on carbon and nitrogen loading rates of a deammonification reactor for swine manure treatment purpose.

ACS Style

Angélica Chini; Alice Chiapetti Bolsan; Camila Ester Hollas; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; Gislaine Fongaro; Helen Treichel; Airton Kunz. Evaluation of deammonification reactor performance and microrganisms community during treatment of digestate from swine sludge CSTR biodigester. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 246, 19 -26.

AMA Style

Angélica Chini, Alice Chiapetti Bolsan, Camila Ester Hollas, Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes, Gislaine Fongaro, Helen Treichel, Airton Kunz. Evaluation of deammonification reactor performance and microrganisms community during treatment of digestate from swine sludge CSTR biodigester. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 246 ():19-26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angélica Chini; Alice Chiapetti Bolsan; Camila Ester Hollas; Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes; Gislaine Fongaro; Helen Treichel; Airton Kunz. 2019. "Evaluation of deammonification reactor performance and microrganisms community during treatment of digestate from swine sludge CSTR biodigester." Journal of Environmental Management 246, no. : 19-26.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2019 in Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences
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Underground and surface water as a result of human activity are increasingly polluted. Mainly due to improper disposal of waste, discharge of effluents, among other actions that compromise the environment. The water analysis is necessary to determine and evaluate the situation of water supply to the population. This study evaluated the supply situation of three rural communities located in the south of Brazil, where the water is carried out through the abstraction of groundwater. Pastures, fields and remnants of native vegetation characterize the region. The water quality used to supply was what motivated the accomplishment of this work. The wells are unprotected in the middle of the pastures near to black cesspits and crops that use frequently agrochemicals. The water quality was characterized over one year by physical-chemical, microbiological and toxicological characteristics. The results were compared to water potability standards in Brazil. In order to ensure sanitary conditions for this population, environmental education actions were carried out given the importance of access the information. It follows that the resources analyzed need disinfection to ensure better and safer water supply.

ACS Style

Camila Ester Hollas; Ticiane Sauer Pokrywiecki; Naimara Vieira Do Prado; Angélica Chini; Elisângela Düsman; Priscila Soraia Da Conceição. Water quality for rural home supplying in the south of Brazil. Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 2019, 41, 43266 .

AMA Style

Camila Ester Hollas, Ticiane Sauer Pokrywiecki, Naimara Vieira Do Prado, Angélica Chini, Elisângela Düsman, Priscila Soraia Da Conceição. Water quality for rural home supplying in the south of Brazil. Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences. 2019; 41 (1):43266.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Camila Ester Hollas; Ticiane Sauer Pokrywiecki; Naimara Vieira Do Prado; Angélica Chini; Elisângela Düsman; Priscila Soraia Da Conceição. 2019. "Water quality for rural home supplying in the south of Brazil." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 41, no. 1: 43266.

Original paper
Published: 20 March 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
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The current scenario requires treatment systems with high efficiency, easy operation and low cost. The solid–liquid separation process as a pre-treatment of swine manure is an efficient strategy improving the wastewater management and treatment. In this sense, the aim of this study was to establish for the first time a condition in which swine manure treatment could be successfully performed using a simple solid-liquid separation, combined with nitrification and denitrification process in a modified Ludzack–Ettinger system. The solids separation was done with a brush-roller screen (2 mm mesh) followed by a settling unit. The nitrogen removal unit was composed of a modified Ludzack–Ettinger process, operated in three phases, according to different sedimentation times in the solid–liquid separation process. The modified Ludzack–Ettinger system showed good performance for treatment of swine wastewater with total suspend solids concentration higher than 14 g L−1, reaching removal efficiency of 88.3% for nitrogen and 86.3% for total organic carbon removal. The results obtained in this study confirm that it is possible to operate the modified Ludzack–Ettinger system at high total solids concentration using a simple solid–liquid separation process keeping a high nitrogen removal efficiency.

ACS Style

C. E. Hollas; A. Chini; F. G. Antes; N. V. Do Prado; M. Bortoli; A. Kunz. Modified Ludzack–Ettinger system role in efficient nitrogen removal from swine manure under high total suspended solids concentration. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2019, 16, 7715 -7726.

AMA Style

C. E. Hollas, A. Chini, F. G. Antes, N. V. Do Prado, M. Bortoli, A. Kunz. Modified Ludzack–Ettinger system role in efficient nitrogen removal from swine manure under high total suspended solids concentration. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2019; 16 (12):7715-7726.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. E. Hollas; A. Chini; F. G. Antes; N. V. Do Prado; M. Bortoli; A. Kunz. 2019. "Modified Ludzack–Ettinger system role in efficient nitrogen removal from swine manure under high total suspended solids concentration." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 16, no. 12: 7715-7726.