Various issues related to oil palm production, such as biodiversity, drought, water scarcity, and water and soil resource exploitation, have become major challenges for environmental sustainability. The water footprint method indicates that the quantity of water used by plants to produce one biomass product could become a parameter to assess the environmental sustainability for a plantation. The objective of this study is to calculate the water footprint of oil palm on a temporal scale based on root water uptake with a specific climate condition under different crop age and soil type conditions, as a means to assess environmental sustainability. The research was conducted in Pundu village, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The methodology adopted in carrying out this study consisted of monitoring soil moisture, rainfall, and the water table, and estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETo), root water uptake, and the oil palm water footprint. Based on the study, it was shown that the oil palm water usage in the observation area varies with different crop ages and soil types from 3.07–3.73 mm/day, with the highest contribution of oil palm water usage was in the first root zone which correlates to the root density distribution. The total water footprint values obtained were between 0.56 and 1.14 m³/kg for various plant ages and soil types. This study also found that the source of green water from rainfall on the upper oil palm root zone delivers the highest contribution to oil palm root water uptake than the blue water from groundwater on the bottom layer root zone.

Various environmental challenges, related to oil palm commodity has became a major environmental challenge to oil palm production. The aim and objective of this study is to analyze the actual water footprint of oil palm based on root water uptake under varying crop age and soil type. The research was conducted in Pundu Village, Central Kalimantan. The methodology adopted in carrying out this study consists of various stages which includes observing soil moisture, rainfall, and water table, ETo, root water uptake and oil palm water footprint. The highest rate of water consumption was the 13 years oil palm on spodosol soil type with an average daily rate of 3.73 mm/day. The lowest evapotranspiration was represented by the 7th year oil palm on spodosol with an average rate of 3.07 mm/day. The total water footprint value obtained was between 0.56 – 1.14 m3/kg for a variety of plants with various age and soil types. It can be deduced that the water footprint value of oil palm vary for different crop age and soil types on temporal scale. The study also presented that the source of green water from the first root zone of oil palm deliver the highest contribution for oil palm root water uptake.

Farmers in Umbulrejo Village in Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta are facing difficulties pumping water for their agriculture due to low electrical power availability. One alternative is to use solar-powered pumps, but this causes environmental problems and higher production costs. The Faculty of Agricultural Technology INSTIPER Yogyakarta is working with PT. Virama Karya to introduce the Clean Water and Irrigation Program for Umbulrejo Village Farmers, which includes planning, construction, operation, and monitoring of a ground water irrigation system with solar-powered pumps. The program's implementation is planned for 4 years and will include the construction of wells, water tanks, solar power plants, irrigation networks, and maintenance of the system. After 4 years, the village will own the system with guidance from the Stiper Agricultural Institute of Yogyakarta. Abstrak Petani di Desa Umbulrejo di Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta mengalami kesulitan memompa air untuk budidaya pertanian mereka karena ketersediaan tenaga listrik yang rendah. Salah satu alternatifnya adalah menggunakan pompa berbahan bakar solar, tetapi ini menimbulkan masalah lingkungan dan biaya produksi yang lebih tinggi. Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian INSTIPER Yogyakarta bekerja sama dengan Persero PT. Virama Karya untuk memperkenalkan program Penyediaan Air Bersih dan Air Irigasi untuk Petani Desa Umbulrejo yang mencakup perencanaan, pembangunan, operasional, dan monitoring sistem irigasi air tanah dengan pompa air tenaga surya. Pelaksanaan program direncanakan untuk 4 tahun dan akan mencakup pembangunan sumur, tandon air, pembangkit listrik tenaga surya, jaringan irigasi, dan pemeliharaan sistem. Desa akan menjadi pemilik sistem setelah 4 tahun dengan pendampingan dari Institut Pertanian Stiper Yogyakarta.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian pupuk dalam sistem fertigasi terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman cabai, khususnya ketinggian dan jumlah daun. Percobaan dilakukan dengan lima perlakuan berbeda menggunakan drum berisi larutan pupuk dengan variasi konsentrasi. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA tiga jalur untuk menentukan pengaruh perlakuan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan drum memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah daun dan ketinggian tanaman cabai (p < 0.001), namun tidak ditemukan interaksi yang signifikan antara perlakuan dengan faktor lingkungan lainnya (p = 0.38), mengindikasikan bahwa pengaruh pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman bersifat langsung dan independen dari variabel lingkungan seperti suhu dan kelembaban. Peningkatan konsentrasi pupuk dalam fertigasi menunjukkan pola peningkatan jumlah daun dan ketinggian tanaman secara bertahap. Hasil ini mendukung efektivitas sistem fertigasi dalam meningkatkan efisiensi serapan hara, sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman secara berkelanjutan. Dengan demikian, strategi pemupukan dalam fertigasi dapat diterapkan secara luas dalam berbagai kondisi pertanian tanpa memerlukan penyesuaian besar terhadap faktor lingkungan. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan bagi pengelolaan pertanian presisi dalam budidaya cabai guna meningkatkan hasil dan efisiensi sumber daya secara optimal.

Flooding in the Upper Kuncir River, Nganjuk Regency, is an annual issue causing environmental degradation, infrastructure damage, and economic losses. Increased runoff, erosion, and sedimentation have worsened flood risks due to deforestation and land-use changes. This study analyzes flood factors and conservation strategies through hydrological modeling (HEC-RAS), GIS-based erosion analysis, and watershed simulations. Findings show that high soil erosion (50-80 tons/ha/year) and sediment inflow (18,500 m³ annually) have reduced river capacity by 15%. Peak discharge for a 25-year return period is 125.905 m³/s, exceeding the river’s 85.4 m³/s capacity. Check dams, reforestation, and river normalization are proposed to reduce runoff and control sedimentation. Simulations indicate that structural (check dams, river widening) and non-structural (vegetative cover, soil conservation) measures can reduce peak discharge by 50%. Adaptive reservoir operations at Margopatut Dam can enhance flood control. Integrated watershed management combining engineering and ecohydrological solutions is recommended to ensure sustainable flood mitigation

The water economic value nowadays is relatively still low considering the limited understanding of water economic value due to the lack of interest from the people to the water resource system, particularly in a watershed. The increase of space demand in catchment areas which has the hydrological function to support water availability, has caused an impact on water availability. To improve the role of society in watershed protection and management, this research studied the water economic value from a society point of view. The relation among the variables to the water economic value could bring the ideas on how to improve the society understanding of water economic value. A better understanding of the water economic value of the society could enhance their role in watershed protection and management to support the watersheds carrying capacity as the supplier of water availability of current and future. The method used in this research was explanatory research which explains the causality among the relation of the variables through the hypothesis testing. This approach was chosen by considering the aims of the research, including the efforts to define the relation and influence to society estimation of water economic value. Therefore, variables used in this research consisted of water economic value, society's social-economic condition, society's understanding of the hydrological cycle in the watershed, and the availability of water distribution system. Furthermore, based on the result analysis, the estimation indicators of each variable relation were defined. The relation among the variables and its indicators were tested by SEM (Structural Equation Model). The result showed that the social-economic condition of the society influences their understanding of hydrological cycle in the catchment area, the availability of water distribution system does not indicate the influence of society understanding on the hydrological cycle in the catchment area, the social-economic condition of the society does not influence their estimation on water economic value, the availability of water distribution system indicate the influence to society estimation of water economic value and the land-use changes which are the manifestation of understanding on the hydrological process in catchment area influence to water economic value estimation.