This study aimed to investigate nutrition in climbing perch Anabas testudineus which is an important nutritious economic freshwater fish in Asia and compare with Carassius auratus (crucian carp). Three kinds of tissues, including muscle, livers, and eggs, were isolated, respectively. Physicochemical properties including moisture, ash, protein, amino acids, fat, vitamins, and calcium contents in those tissues were determined. The results showed climbing perch muscle and liver contained less moisture, but more protein, amino acids, and vitamins than crucian carp muscle and liver. While moisture, ash, protein, and total amino acids contents of climbing perch egg were lower than those of crucian carp egg. Climbing perch egg had more fat, vitamins, and calcium than crucian carp egg. The amino acid profile was also performed, and 16 amino acids were identified and quantified in muscle, liver, and egg. Among tissues, the highest and lowest concentration of total amino acid content was found in crucian carp eggs and livers, respectively. Glutamic acid (Glu) and histidine (His) were the most and least amino acids in climbing perch and crucian carp tissues, respectively. Sixteen amino acids in climbing perch egg were less than those in crucian carp egg while it is an opposite case in muscle and liver, which amino acids of climbing perch tissues were more than those of crucian carp muscle and liver. Vitamin A of climbing perch was more than crucian carp in all three tissues, but vitamin E content in climbing perch liver was lower than that of crucian carp liver. Calcium content of muscle had no difference between two species. The abovementioned comparison of physicochemical properties of different tissues from China climbing perch and crucian carp will provide a necessary supplementary of freshwater muscle nutrition research, also was helpful for application of climbing perch.

Maize (Zea mays) is one of the most important cereal crops worldwide. Insect control through host plant resistance plays an important part in improving both yield and quality of maize. Spodoptera exigua is a common insect pest causing destructive damages to maize. To comprehensively understand molecular mechanism of maize defense against S. exigua, integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses were conducted in the insect-resistant maize inbred line CML139 infested with S. exigua for 24 h. 9845 differentially expressed genes and 34 significantly changed metabolites were identified in infested leaves. Maize transcriptional response to S. exigua infestation involved in genes encoding enzymes in biosynthetic process (ribosome, glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid metabolism), genes in valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, phenylpropanoid pathway and transcription factors. By metabolism analysis, accumulations of amino acids, organic acids, phenylpropanoids and benzoxazinoids (Bxs) were significantly enhanced, with the exception of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). The integrated analysis of transcriptomic and metabolic data demonstrated that both transcripts and metabolites involved in phenylpropanoid and Bxs biosynthesis were differentially modulated in S. exigua infested leaves. This study is valuable in understanding the complex mechanism of interaction between plants and insect herbivores and provide a potential strategy to maize pest control.

In order to evaluate the effects of chitosan, ε‐polylysine, and collagen on the preservation properties of refrigerated Nemipterus virgatus, samples were tested with different treatments for 10 days, namely chitosan, ε‐polylysine and collagen (CH + ε‐PL + CA), chitosan and ε‐polylysine (CH + ε‐PL), chitosan and collagen (CH + CA), ε‐polylysine and collagen (ε‐PL + CA), and the uncoated sample (CK). The results demonstrated that the bio‐coating exhibited better preservation effects. The CH + ε‐PL + CA, CH + ε‐PL, CH + CA, ε‐PL + CA treatments could significantly inhibit bacterial growth and retard the increase of total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N), 2‐thiobarbituric acid (TBA), K‐value, and total viable counts (TVC) in N. virgatus fillets. The pH of all samples decreased and reached its lowest value on day 6, then increased significantly at the end of the experiment (p < .05). Water‐holding capacity (WHC) of all the groups decreased continuously throughout storage, and CK reached 66.03% on day 6, which is significantly lower than CH + ε‐PL + CA, CH + ε‐PL, CH + CA, and ε‐PL + CA (p < .05). On the contrary, the sensory scores of CH + ε‐PL + CA, CH + ε‐PL, CH + CA, and ε‐PL + CA were significantly higher than the control, and the score of CH + ε‐PL + CA (p < .05) was the best among all the groups. In terms of texture, CH + PL + CA also showed less cell shrinkage and tighter muscle fiber arrangement compared to other treatments. To sum up, the CH + PL + CA bio‐coating proved to be a promising method for maintaining the storage quality of N. virgatus under refrigerated storage conditions.

Human and global health would be greatly improved by replacing animal-based foods with plant-based alternatives. This transition would be facilitated when more affordable, convenient, sustainable, nutritious, and tasty plant-based foods are available on the market. Interest in related research has surged these years, and dozens of plant-based cheese (PBC) products have been introduced to the market. However, studies found that most PBCs are far from comparable with dairy cheese in nutritional value, and the texture and sensory properties are still hurdles to the widespread consumption of PBCs. This paper focused on the “tissue disruption route” and adopted chickpeas and nuts as the main ingredients to form a cheese snack. Test results showed that our samples were high of nourishment value compared to the cheese sample and even healthier than the cheese in the terms of energy ( vs. kJ/100 g, ), K/Na ratio (/ mg/100 g vs. / mg/100 g, ), DF ( g/100 g vs. N/A, ), and cholesterol ( vs. mg/100 g, ). From the order of magnitude, the PBC samples are similar to the cheese sample in the aspects of cohesiveness (