This paper presents observations of structural dynamic characteristics and wind-induced responses of a 600-m-high skyscraper installed with an active tuned mass damper (ATMD) system during super typhoon Mangkhut. The structural dynamic characteristics (i.e., natural frequency, damping ratio, and mode shape) of the skyscraper are estimated along the structural modal directions based on the measurements during the typhoon, which are in good agreement with those determined by the finite element method and forced vibration test. The wind-induced responses and damping ratios of the skyscraper with and without the operation of the ATMD system are investigated, and the results show that the ATMD system can suppress the structural responses by mitigating the vibrations of the fundamental sway modes. Global damage evaluation indicates that there is no evident structural damage occurred on the skyscraper during the violent typhoon event. This paper aims to further the understanding of wind effects on supertall buildings under extreme wind conditions and provide useful information for the wind-resistant design and development of vibration control techniques for future skyscrapers.

Sea-surface roughness length is a key parameter for characterizing marine atmospheric boundary layer. Although aerodynamic roughness lengths for homogeneous land and open water surfaces have been examined extensively, the extension of relevant knowledge to the highly inhomogeneous coastal area is problematic due to the complex mechanisms controlling coastal meteorology. This study presented a lidar-based observational analysis of sea-surface roughness length at a coastal site in Hong Kong, in which the wind data recorded from March 2012 to November 2015 were considered and analyzed. The results indicated the turning of wind near the land-sea boundary, leading to a dominative wind direction parallel to the coastline and an acceleration in wind. Moreover, the roughness lengths corresponding to two representative azimuthal sectors were compared, in which the roughness lengths for the onshore wind sector (i.e., 120°–240°) appear to be larger than the constant value (z₀ = 0.2 mm) recommended in much existing literature, whereas the values for the alongshore wind sector (i.e., 60°–90°) are significantly smaller, i.e., about two orders of magnitude less than that of a typical sea surface. However, it is to be noted that the effect of atmospheric stability, which is of crucial importance in governing the marine atmospheric boundary layer, is not taken into account in this study.