In materials with nearly commensurate band filling the electron liquid may spontaneously separate into components with distinct properties, yielding complex intra- and interunit cell ordering patterns and a reduced dimensionality. Polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoemission data with submicron spatial resolution demonstrate such an electronic self-organization in ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_3$, a compound considered to be a paradigm of charge order. The new data indicate the emergence of a novel order, and reveal the one-dimensional (1D) physics hidden in a material which naively could be considered the most three dimensional of all columnar chalcogenides. The 1D physics is evidenced by a new selection rule—in two polarizations we observe two strikingly different dispersions each closely resembling apparently contradicting results of previous studies of this material.

Substitutional clusters of multiple light element dopants are a promising route to the elusive shallow donor in diamond. To understand the behaviour of co-dopants, this report presents an extensive first principles study of possible clusters of boron and nitrogen. We use periodic hybrid density functional calculations to predict the geometry, stability and electronic excitation energies of a range of clusters containing up to five N and/or B atoms. Excitation energies from hybrid calculations are compared to those from the empirical marker method, and are in good agreement. When a boron-rich or nitrogen-rich cluster consists of three to five atoms, the minority dopant element—a nitrogen or boron atom respectively—can be in either a central or peripheral position. We find B-rich clusters are most stable when N sits centrally, whereas N-rich clusters are most stable with B in a peripheral position. In the former case, excitation energies mimic those of the single boron acceptor, while the latter produce deep levels in the band-gap. Implications for probable clusters that would arise in high-pressure high-temperature co-doped diamond and their properties are discussed.