The goal of this study was to develop an automated monitoring system for the detection of pigs’ bodies, heads and tails. The aim in the first part of the study was to recognize individual pigs (in lying and standing positions) in groups and their body parts (head/ears, and tail) by using machine learning algorithms (feature pyramid network). In the second part of the study, the goal was to improve the detection of tail posture (tail straight and curled) during activity (standing/moving around) by the use of neural network analysis (YOLOv4). Our dataset (n = 583 images, 7579 pig posture) was annotated in Labelbox from 2D video recordings of groups (n = 12–15) of weaned pigs. The model recognized each individual pig’s body with a precision of 96% related to threshold intersection over union (IoU), whilst the precision for tails was 77% and for heads this was 66%, thereby already achieving human-level precision. The precision of pig detection in groups was the highest, while head and tail detection precision were lower. As the first study was relatively time-consuming, in the second part of the study, we performed a YOLOv4 neural network analysis using 30 annotated images of our dataset for detecting straight and curled tails. With this model, we were able to recognize tail postures with a high level of precision (90%).

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) offers transparency and interpretability in AI systems, addressing the opacity of traditional models. This review examines how XAI fosters innovation and creativity in organizations by enhancing decision-making, trust, and collaboration across diverse domains such as healthcare, manufacturing, and agriculture. Thematic analysis of relevant literature reveals that XAI builds stakeholder confidence, promotes ethical practices, and bridges gaps between technical and non-technical teams, encouraging inclusive problem-solving. While this study highlights significant short-term benefits, future longitudinal research is necessary to explore XAI’s long-term impact. This paper provides insights for academics, practitioners, and policymakers, emphasizing XAI's potential to foster innovation.