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Chun Soo Lim
Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea

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Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology

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Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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An inverse observational association between alcohol use and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has been reported. The causal effect of alcohol use on the risk of ESKD warrants additional investigation. The study was an observational cohort study investigating the UK Biobank and performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Amounts of alcohol use were collected using a touchscreen questionnaire. In the observational analysis, 212,133 participants without prevalent ESKD were studied, and the association between alcohol use and the risk of prevalent CKD or incident ESKD was investigated. The genetic analysis included 337,138 participants of white British ancestry. For one-sample MR, an analysis based on a polygenic risk score (PRS) was conducted with genetically predicted alcohol intake. The MR analysis investigated ESKD outcome and related comorbidities. Lower alcohol use was observationally associated with a higher risk of prevalent CKD or incident ESKD. However, the genetic risk of CKD was significantly associated with lower alcohol use, suggesting reverse causation. A higher PRS for alcohol use was significantly associated with a higher risk of ESKD (per units of one phenotypical alcohol drink; adjusted odds ratio of 1.16 [95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.31]) and related comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and central obesity. The inverse observational association between alcohol use and the risk of CKD or ESKD may have been affected by reverse causation. Our study supports a causal effect of alcohol use on a higher risk of ESKD and related predisposing comorbidities.

ACS Style

Sehoon Park; Soojin Lee; Yaerim Kim; Yeonhee Lee; Min Woo Kang; Kwangsoo Kim; Yong Chul Kim; Seung Seok Han; Hajeong Lee; Jung Pyo Lee; Kwon Wook Joo; Chun Soo Lim; Yon Su Kim; Dong Ki Kim. Causal effect of alcohol use on the risk of end-stage kidney disease and related comorbidities: a Mendelian randomization study. Kidney Research and Clinical Practice 2021, 40, 282 -293.

AMA Style

Sehoon Park, Soojin Lee, Yaerim Kim, Yeonhee Lee, Min Woo Kang, Kwangsoo Kim, Yong Chul Kim, Seung Seok Han, Hajeong Lee, Jung Pyo Lee, Kwon Wook Joo, Chun Soo Lim, Yon Su Kim, Dong Ki Kim. Causal effect of alcohol use on the risk of end-stage kidney disease and related comorbidities: a Mendelian randomization study. Kidney Research and Clinical Practice. 2021; 40 (2):282-293.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sehoon Park; Soojin Lee; Yaerim Kim; Yeonhee Lee; Min Woo Kang; Kwangsoo Kim; Yong Chul Kim; Seung Seok Han; Hajeong Lee; Jung Pyo Lee; Kwon Wook Joo; Chun Soo Lim; Yon Su Kim; Dong Ki Kim. 2021. "Causal effect of alcohol use on the risk of end-stage kidney disease and related comorbidities: a Mendelian randomization study." Kidney Research and Clinical Practice 40, no. 2: 282-293.

Journal article
Published: 28 April 2021 in Nutrients
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We aimed to investigate the causal effects of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. This MR study utilized a genetic instrument developed from previous genome-wide association studies for various serum n-3 and n-6 PUFA levels. First, we calculated the allele scores for genetic predisposition of PUFAs in individuals of European ancestry in the UK Biobank data (N = 337,129). The allele score-based MR was obtained by regressing the allele scores to CAD risks. Second, summary-level MR was performed with the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D data for CAD (N = 184,305). Higher genetically predicted eicosapentaenoic acid and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid levels were significantly associated with a lower risk of CAD both in the allele-score-based and summary-level MR analyses. Higher allele scores for linoleic acid level were significantly associated with lower CAD risks, and in the summary-level MR, the causal estimates by the pleiotropy-robust MR methods also indicated that higher linoleic acid levels cause a lower risk of CAD. Arachidonic acid showed significant causal estimates for a higher risk of CAD. This study supports the causal effects of certain n-3 and n-6 PUFA types on the risk of CAD.

ACS Style

Sehoon Park; Soojin Lee; Yaerim Kim; Yeonhee Lee; Min Kang; Kwangsoo Kim; Yong Kim; Seung Han; Hajeong Lee; Jung Lee; Kwon Joo; Chun Lim; Yon Kim; Dong Kim. Causal Effects of Serum Levels of n-3 or n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Coronary Artery Disease: Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1490 .

AMA Style

Sehoon Park, Soojin Lee, Yaerim Kim, Yeonhee Lee, Min Kang, Kwangsoo Kim, Yong Kim, Seung Han, Hajeong Lee, Jung Lee, Kwon Joo, Chun Lim, Yon Kim, Dong Kim. Causal Effects of Serum Levels of n-3 or n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Coronary Artery Disease: Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (5):1490.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sehoon Park; Soojin Lee; Yaerim Kim; Yeonhee Lee; Min Kang; Kwangsoo Kim; Yong Kim; Seung Han; Hajeong Lee; Jung Lee; Kwon Joo; Chun Lim; Yon Kim; Dong Kim. 2021. "Causal Effects of Serum Levels of n-3 or n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Coronary Artery Disease: Mendelian Randomization Study." Nutrients 13, no. 5: 1490.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2021 in Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
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Background Further investigation of the causal effects of psychologic wellbeing on kidney function is warranted. Methods In this Mendelian randomization (MR) study, genetic instruments for positive affect, life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism were introduced from a previous genome-wide association study meta-analysis of European individuals. Summary-level MR was performed using the CKDGen data of European ancestry (n=567,460), and additional allele score–based MR was performed in the individual-level data of White British UK Biobank participants (n=321,024). Results In summary-level MR with the CKDGen data, depressive symptoms were a significant causative factor for kidney function impairment (CKD OR, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.96; eGFR change [%] beta −2.18; 95% confidence interval, −3.61 to −0.72) and pleiotropy-robust sensitivity analysis results supported the causal estimates. A genetic predisposition for positive affect was significantly associated with better kidney function (CKD OR, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.91), eGFR change [%] beta 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.09 to 2.93) and sensitivity MR analysis results supported the finding for CKD outcome, but was nonsignificant for eGFR. Life satisfaction and neuroticism exposures showed nonsignificant causal estimates. In the UK Biobank with covariate-adjusted allele score MR analysis, allele scores for positive affect and life satisfaction were causally associated with reduced risk of CKD and higher eGFR. In contrast, neuroticism allele score was associated with increased risk of CKD and lower eGFR, and depressive symptoms allele score was associated with lower eGFR, but showed nonsignificant association with CKD. Conclusions Health care providers in the nephrology field should be aware of the causal linkage between psychologic wellbeing and kidney function.

ACS Style

Sehoon Park; Soojin Lee; Yaerim Kim; Yeonhee Lee; Min Woo Kang; Kwangsoo Kim; Yong Chul Kim; Seung Seok Han; Hajeong Lee; Jung Pyo Lee; Kwon Wook Joo; Chun Soo Lim; Yon Su Kim; Dong Ki Kim. Causal Effects of Positive Affect, Life Satisfaction, Depressive Symptoms, and Neuroticism on Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2021, 32, 1484 -1496.

AMA Style

Sehoon Park, Soojin Lee, Yaerim Kim, Yeonhee Lee, Min Woo Kang, Kwangsoo Kim, Yong Chul Kim, Seung Seok Han, Hajeong Lee, Jung Pyo Lee, Kwon Wook Joo, Chun Soo Lim, Yon Su Kim, Dong Ki Kim. Causal Effects of Positive Affect, Life Satisfaction, Depressive Symptoms, and Neuroticism on Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2021; 32 (6):1484-1496.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sehoon Park; Soojin Lee; Yaerim Kim; Yeonhee Lee; Min Woo Kang; Kwangsoo Kim; Yong Chul Kim; Seung Seok Han; Hajeong Lee; Jung Pyo Lee; Kwon Wook Joo; Chun Soo Lim; Yon Su Kim; Dong Ki Kim. 2021. "Causal Effects of Positive Affect, Life Satisfaction, Depressive Symptoms, and Neuroticism on Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 32, no. 6: 1484-1496.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2021 in Nutrients
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Blood homocysteine level and related vitamin levels are associated with various health outcomes. We aimed to assess causal effects of blood homocysteine, folate, and cobalamin on kidney function in the general population by performing Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Genetic instruments for blood homocysteine, folate, and cobalamin levels were introduced from a previous genome-wide association (GWAS) meta-analysis of European individuals. Summary-level MR analysis was performed for the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from the CKDGen consortium GWAS that included 567,460 European ancestry individuals. For replication, allele-score-based MR was performed with an independent U.K. Biobank cohort of 337,138 individuals of white British ancestry. In summary-level MR for the CKDGen data, high genetically predicted homocysteine levels were significantly associated with low eGFR (per 1 standard deviation, beta for eGFR change −0.95 (−1.21, −0.69) %), supported by pleiotropy-robust MR sensitivity analysis. Genetically predicted high folate levels were significantly associated with high eGFR change (0.86 (0.30, 1.42) %); however, causal estimates from cobalamin were nonsignificant (−0.11 (−0.33, 0.11) %). In the U.K. Biobank data, the results were consistently identified. Therefore, a high blood homocysteine level causally decreases eGFR. Future trials with appropriate homocysteine-lowering interventions may be helpful for the primary prevention of kidney function impairment.

ACS Style

Sehoon Park; Soojin Lee; Yaerim Kim; Semin Cho; Kwangsoo Kim; Yong Kim; Seung Han; Hajeong Lee; Jung Lee; Kwon Joo; Chun Lim; Yon Kim; Dong Kim. Causal Effects of Homocysteine, Folate, and Cobalamin on Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2021, 13, 906 .

AMA Style

Sehoon Park, Soojin Lee, Yaerim Kim, Semin Cho, Kwangsoo Kim, Yong Kim, Seung Han, Hajeong Lee, Jung Lee, Kwon Joo, Chun Lim, Yon Kim, Dong Kim. Causal Effects of Homocysteine, Folate, and Cobalamin on Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (3):906.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sehoon Park; Soojin Lee; Yaerim Kim; Semin Cho; Kwangsoo Kim; Yong Kim; Seung Han; Hajeong Lee; Jung Lee; Kwon Joo; Chun Lim; Yon Kim; Dong Kim. 2021. "Causal Effects of Homocysteine, Folate, and Cobalamin on Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study." Nutrients 13, no. 3: 906.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2020 in Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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The effect of fluid balance on outcomes in elderly patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring continuous renal-replacement therapy (CRRT) is not explained well. We investigated outcomes according to cumulative fluid balance (CFB) in elderly patients with AKI undergoing CRRT. A total of 607 patients aged 65 years or older who started CRRT due to AKI were enrolled and stratified into two groups (fluid overload [FO] vs. no fluid overload [NFO]) based on the median CFB value for 72 hours before CRRT initiation. Propensity score-matching analysis was performed. The median age of included patients was 73.0 years and 60.0% of the population was male. The median 72-hour CFB value was 2,839.0 mL. The overall cumulative survival and 28-day survival rates were lower in the FO group than in the NFO group (P < 0.001 for both) and remained so after propensity score-matching. Furthermore, patients in the FO group demonstrated a higher overall mortality risk after adjustment for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, Charlson comorbidity index, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, serum albumin, creatinine, diuretic use, and mechanical ventilation status (hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.89; P < 0.001). Among survivors, both the duration of CRRT and the total duration of hospitalization from CRRT initiation showed no difference between the FO and NFO groups. A higher CFB value is associated with an increased risk of mortality in elderly patients with AKI requiring CRRT.

ACS Style

Jong Hyun Jhee; Jae Yoon Park; Jung Nam An; Dong Ki Kim; Kwon Wook Joo; Yun Kyu Oh; Chun Soo Lim; Yon Su Kim; Seung Hyeok Han; Tae-Hyun Yoo; Shin-Wook Kang; Jung Pyo Lee; Jung Tak Park. Cumulative fluid balance and mortality in elderly patients with acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal-replacement therapy: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Kidney Research and Clinical Practice 2020, 39, 414 -425.

AMA Style

Jong Hyun Jhee, Jae Yoon Park, Jung Nam An, Dong Ki Kim, Kwon Wook Joo, Yun Kyu Oh, Chun Soo Lim, Yon Su Kim, Seung Hyeok Han, Tae-Hyun Yoo, Shin-Wook Kang, Jung Pyo Lee, Jung Tak Park. Cumulative fluid balance and mortality in elderly patients with acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal-replacement therapy: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Kidney Research and Clinical Practice. 2020; 39 (4):414-425.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jong Hyun Jhee; Jae Yoon Park; Jung Nam An; Dong Ki Kim; Kwon Wook Joo; Yun Kyu Oh; Chun Soo Lim; Yon Su Kim; Seung Hyeok Han; Tae-Hyun Yoo; Shin-Wook Kang; Jung Pyo Lee; Jung Tak Park. 2020. "Cumulative fluid balance and mortality in elderly patients with acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal-replacement therapy: a multicenter prospective cohort study." Kidney Research and Clinical Practice 39, no. 4: 414-425.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2020 in Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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The effect of each health-related quality of life (HRQOL) component on hemodialysis prognosis has not been well studied. We aimed to investigate the clinical factors associated with HRQOL and the effect of HRQOL after dialysis initiation on long-term survival in an Asian population. A total of 568 hemodialysis patients were included from a nationwide prospective cohort study. HRQOL was evaluated using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) Short FormTM 1.3 at 3 months after dialysis initiation. The effect of each KDQOL item score on mortality was analyzed. Multivariable Cox analysis was performed after adjusting for age, sex, modified Charlson comorbidity index, and causes of primary kidney disease. Old age, diabetes mellitus, high comorbidities, and low serum albumin levels were associated with poor physical health status. Decreased urine output was associated with both poor physical and mental health status. The scores of 3 indices in the kidney disease domain (effect of kidney disease, social support, and dialysis staff encouragement) showed significant associations with mortality, as did the 3 indices (physical function, physical role limitation, and body pain) in the physical health domain. Neither the 4 indices in the mental health domain nor the mental composite score showed a significant association with mortality. However, a high physical composite score was associated with decreased overall patient mortality (P = 0.003). The effect of physical composite score on survival was prominent among young or middle-aged groups. Poor physical health status 3 months after hemodialysis start correlates significantly with overall mortality.

ACS Style

Jeonghwan Lee; Yong Chul Kim; Soie Kwon; Lilin Li; Sohee Oh; Do Hyoung Kim; Jung Nam An; Jang-Hee Cho; Dong Ki Kim; Yun Kyu Oh; Chun Soo Lim; Yon Su Kim; Jung Pyo Lee. Impact of health-related quality of life on survival after dialysis initiation: a prospective cohort study in Korea. Kidney Research and Clinical Practice 2020, 39, 426 -440.

AMA Style

Jeonghwan Lee, Yong Chul Kim, Soie Kwon, Lilin Li, Sohee Oh, Do Hyoung Kim, Jung Nam An, Jang-Hee Cho, Dong Ki Kim, Yun Kyu Oh, Chun Soo Lim, Yon Su Kim, Jung Pyo Lee. Impact of health-related quality of life on survival after dialysis initiation: a prospective cohort study in Korea. Kidney Research and Clinical Practice. 2020; 39 (4):426-440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jeonghwan Lee; Yong Chul Kim; Soie Kwon; Lilin Li; Sohee Oh; Do Hyoung Kim; Jung Nam An; Jang-Hee Cho; Dong Ki Kim; Yun Kyu Oh; Chun Soo Lim; Yon Su Kim; Jung Pyo Lee. 2020. "Impact of health-related quality of life on survival after dialysis initiation: a prospective cohort study in Korea." Kidney Research and Clinical Practice 39, no. 4: 426-440.

Research article
Published: 17 November 2020 in Journal of the American Heart Association
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Background A population‐scale evidence for the association between moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MV‐PA) and risks of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) or all‐cause mortality in people with various metabolic syndrome (MetS) status is warranted. Methods and Results We performed a nationwide retrospective cohort study based on the claims database of South Korea. We included people who received ≥3 national health screenings from 2009 to 2013 without a previous MACE history. We determined the MetS status of 6 108 077 people: MetS‐chronic (N=864 063), MetS‐developed (N=348 163), MetS‐recovery (N=348 313), and MetS‐free (N=4 547 538). The exposure was self‐reported MV‐PA frequencies. The outcome was incident MACEs or all‐cause mortality. The incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated with adjustments for clinical/demographic characteristics. During the median follow‐up of 4.28 years, 78 770 and 51 840 people experienced MACEs or died, respectively. Those who engaged in MV‐PA had a significantly lower risk of MACEs or all‐cause mortality than those not engaged in MV‐PA in every spectrum of MetS. Even among those who were free from MetS (for MACEs, IRR 0.94 [0.92–0.97], for all‐cause mortality, IRR 0.85 [0.82–0.87]) or who had already recovered from MetS (for MACEs, IRR 0.89 [0.84–0.95], for all‐cause mortality, IRR 0.74 [0.68–0.81]), 1 to 2 days per week of MV‐PA were significantly associated with lower risk of the adverse outcomes when compared with not being engaged in MV‐PA. Those who were engaged in MV‐PA more frequently also had significantly lower risks of MACEs or all‐cause mortality. Conclusions This nationwide study suggests that MV‐PA may be recommended to the general population regardless of recent MetS status.

ACS Style

Sehoon Park; Kyungdo Han; Soojin Lee; Yaerim Kim; Yeonhee Lee; Min Woo Kang; Sanghyun Park; Yong Chul Kim; Seung Seok Han; Hajeong Lee; Jung Pyo Lee; Kwon Wook Joo; Chun Soo Lim; Yon Su Kim; Dong Ki Kim. Association Between Moderate‐to‐Vigorous Physical Activity and the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events or Mortality in People With Various Metabolic Syndrome Status: A Nationwide Population‐Based Cohort Study Including 6 Million People. Journal of the American Heart Association 2020, 9, e016806 .

AMA Style

Sehoon Park, Kyungdo Han, Soojin Lee, Yaerim Kim, Yeonhee Lee, Min Woo Kang, Sanghyun Park, Yong Chul Kim, Seung Seok Han, Hajeong Lee, Jung Pyo Lee, Kwon Wook Joo, Chun Soo Lim, Yon Su Kim, Dong Ki Kim. Association Between Moderate‐to‐Vigorous Physical Activity and the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events or Mortality in People With Various Metabolic Syndrome Status: A Nationwide Population‐Based Cohort Study Including 6 Million People. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020; 9 (22):e016806.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sehoon Park; Kyungdo Han; Soojin Lee; Yaerim Kim; Yeonhee Lee; Min Woo Kang; Sanghyun Park; Yong Chul Kim; Seung Seok Han; Hajeong Lee; Jung Pyo Lee; Kwon Wook Joo; Chun Soo Lim; Yon Su Kim; Dong Ki Kim. 2020. "Association Between Moderate‐to‐Vigorous Physical Activity and the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events or Mortality in People With Various Metabolic Syndrome Status: A Nationwide Population‐Based Cohort Study Including 6 Million People." Journal of the American Heart Association 9, no. 22: e016806.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2020 in Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
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BackgroundStudies have found sleeping behaviors, such as sleep duration, to be associated with kidney function and cardiovascular disease risk. However, whether short or long sleep duration is a causative factor for kidney function impairment has been rarely studied.MethodsWe studied data from participants aged 40–69 years in the UK Biobank prospective cohort, including 25,605 self-reporting short-duration sleep (ResultsShort or long sleep duration clinically associated with higher prevalence of CKD compared with intermediate duration. The genetic risk score for short (but not long) sleep was significantly related to CKD (per unit reflecting a two-fold increase in the odds of the phenotype; adjusted odds ratio, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 2.60). Two-sample MR analysis demonstrated causal effects of short sleep duration on CKD by the inverse variance weighted method, supported by causal estimates from MR-Egger regression.ConclusionsThese findings support an adverse effect of a short sleep duration on kidney function. Clinicians may encourage patients to avoid short-duration sleeping behavior to reduce CKD risk.

ACS Style

Sehoon Park; Soojin Lee; Yaerim Kim; Yeonhee Lee; Min Woo Kang; Kwangsoo Kim; Yong Chul Kim; Seung Seok Han; Hajeong Lee; Jung Pyo Lee; Kwon Wook Joo; Chun Soo Lim; Yon Su Kim; Dong Ki Kim. Short or Long Sleep Duration and CKD: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2020, 31, 2937 -2947.

AMA Style

Sehoon Park, Soojin Lee, Yaerim Kim, Yeonhee Lee, Min Woo Kang, Kwangsoo Kim, Yong Chul Kim, Seung Seok Han, Hajeong Lee, Jung Pyo Lee, Kwon Wook Joo, Chun Soo Lim, Yon Su Kim, Dong Ki Kim. Short or Long Sleep Duration and CKD: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2020; 31 (12):2937-2947.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sehoon Park; Soojin Lee; Yaerim Kim; Yeonhee Lee; Min Woo Kang; Kwangsoo Kim; Yong Chul Kim; Seung Seok Han; Hajeong Lee; Jung Pyo Lee; Kwon Wook Joo; Chun Soo Lim; Yon Su Kim; Dong Ki Kim. 2020. "Short or Long Sleep Duration and CKD: A Mendelian Randomization Study." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 31, no. 12: 2937-2947.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2020 in Scientific Reports
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Predicting the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) progression facilitates appropriate nephrology care of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previously, the kidney failure risk equations (KFREs) were developed and validated in several cohorts. The purpose of this study is to validate the KFREs in a Korean population and to recalibrate the equations. A total of 38,905 adult patients, including 13,244 patients with CKD stages G3–G5, who were referred to nephrology were recruited. Using the original KFREs (4-, 6- and 8-variable equations) and recalibration equations, we predicted the risk of 2- and 5-year ESRD progression. All analyses were conducted in CKD stages G3-G5 patients as well as the total population. In CKD stages G3–G5 patients, All the original 4-, 6- and 8-variable equations showed excellent areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87 and 0.83 for the 2- and 5-year risk of ESRD, respectively. The results of net reclassification improvement, integrated discrimination index and Brier score showed that recalibration improved the prediction models in some cases. The original KFREs showed high discrimination in both CKD stages G3–G5 patients and the total population referred to nephrology in this large Korean cohort. KFREs can be implemented in Korean health systems and can guide nephrology referrals and other CKD-related treatment decisions.

ACS Style

Min Woo Kang; Navdeep Tangri; Yong Chul Kim; Jung Nam An; Jeonghwan Lee; Lilin Li; Yun Kyu Oh; Dong Ki Kim; Kwon Wook Joo; Yon Su Kim; Chun Soo Lim; Jung Pyo Lee. An independent validation of the kidney failure risk equation in an Asian population. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Min Woo Kang, Navdeep Tangri, Yong Chul Kim, Jung Nam An, Jeonghwan Lee, Lilin Li, Yun Kyu Oh, Dong Ki Kim, Kwon Wook Joo, Yon Su Kim, Chun Soo Lim, Jung Pyo Lee. An independent validation of the kidney failure risk equation in an Asian population. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Min Woo Kang; Navdeep Tangri; Yong Chul Kim; Jung Nam An; Jeonghwan Lee; Lilin Li; Yun Kyu Oh; Dong Ki Kim; Kwon Wook Joo; Yon Su Kim; Chun Soo Lim; Jung Pyo Lee. 2020. "An independent validation of the kidney failure risk equation in an Asian population." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2020 in Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is linked to various chronic comorbidities, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, few large studies have addressed whether recovery from MetS is associated with reduction in the risks of such comorbidities. This nationwide population-based study in Korea screened 10,664,268 people who received national health screening ≥ 3 times between 2012 and 2016. Those with a history of major cardiovascular events or preexisting CKD were excluded. We classified study groups into four, according to the course of MetS state, as defined by the harmonizing criteria. The main study outcome was incidental CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 which was persistent until the last health exams). The study outcomes were investigated using multivariable logistic regression analysis, which was adjusted for clinical variables and the previous severity of MetS. Four study groups included 6,315,301 subjects: 4,537,869 people without MetS, 1,034,605 with chronic MetS, 438,287 who developed MetS, and 304,540 who recovered from preexisting MetS. Those who developed MetS demonstrated higher risk of CKD (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.26 [1.23-1.29]) than did those who did not develop MetS. In contrast, MetS-recovery was associated with decreased risk of CKD (adjusted OR, 0.84 [0.82-0.86]) than that in people with chronic MetS. Among the MetS components, change in hypertension was associated with the largest difference in CKD risk. Reducing or preventing MetS may reduce the burden of CKD on a population-scale. Clinicians should consider the clinical importance of altering MetS status for risk of CKD.

ACS Style

Sehoon Park; Soojin Lee; Yaerim Kim; Yeonhee Lee; Min Woo Kang; Kyungdo Han; Hajeong Lee; Jung Pyo Lee; Kwon Wook Joo; Chun Soo Lim; Yon Su Kim; Dong Ki Kim. Reduced risk for chronic kidney disease after recovery from metabolic syndrome: A nationwide population-based study. Kidney Research and Clinical Practice 2020, 39, 180 -191.

AMA Style

Sehoon Park, Soojin Lee, Yaerim Kim, Yeonhee Lee, Min Woo Kang, Kyungdo Han, Hajeong Lee, Jung Pyo Lee, Kwon Wook Joo, Chun Soo Lim, Yon Su Kim, Dong Ki Kim. Reduced risk for chronic kidney disease after recovery from metabolic syndrome: A nationwide population-based study. Kidney Research and Clinical Practice. 2020; 39 (2):180-191.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sehoon Park; Soojin Lee; Yaerim Kim; Yeonhee Lee; Min Woo Kang; Kyungdo Han; Hajeong Lee; Jung Pyo Lee; Kwon Wook Joo; Chun Soo Lim; Yon Su Kim; Dong Ki Kim. 2020. "Reduced risk for chronic kidney disease after recovery from metabolic syndrome: A nationwide population-based study." Kidney Research and Clinical Practice 39, no. 2: 180-191.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2020 in Scientific Reports
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Herein, we aim to assess mortality risk prediction in peritoneal dialysis patients using machine-learning algorithms for proper prognosis prediction. A total of 1,730 peritoneal dialysis patients in the CRC for ESRD prospective cohort from 2008 to 2014 were enrolled in this study. Classification algorithms were used for prediction of N-year mortality including neural network. The survival hazard ratio was presented by machine-learning algorithms using survival statistics and was compared to conventional algorithms. A survival-tree algorithm presented the most accurate prediction model and outperformed a conventional method such as Cox regression (concordance index 0.769 vs 0.745). Among various survival decision-tree models, the modified Charlson Comorbidity index (mCCI) was selected as the best predictor of mortality. If peritoneal dialysis patients with high mCCI (>4) were aged ≥70.5 years old, the survival hazard ratio was predicted as 4.61 compared to the overall study population. Among the various algorithm using longitudinal data, the AUC value of logistic regression was augmented at 0.804. In addition, the deep neural network significantly improved performance to 0.841. We propose machine learning-based final model, mCCI and age were interrelated as notable risk factors for mortality in Korean peritoneal dialysis patients.

ACS Style

Junhyug Noh; Kyung Don Yoo; Wonho Bae; Jong Soo Lee; Kangil Kim; Jang-Hee Cho; Hajeong Lee; Dong Ki Kim; Chun Soo Lim; Shin-Wook Kang; Yong-Lim Kim; Yon Su Kim; GunHee Kim; Jung Pyo Lee. Prediction of the Mortality Risk in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients using Machine Learning Models: A Nation-wide Prospective Cohort in Korea. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 7470 -11.

AMA Style

Junhyug Noh, Kyung Don Yoo, Wonho Bae, Jong Soo Lee, Kangil Kim, Jang-Hee Cho, Hajeong Lee, Dong Ki Kim, Chun Soo Lim, Shin-Wook Kang, Yong-Lim Kim, Yon Su Kim, GunHee Kim, Jung Pyo Lee. Prediction of the Mortality Risk in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients using Machine Learning Models: A Nation-wide Prospective Cohort in Korea. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):7470-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junhyug Noh; Kyung Don Yoo; Wonho Bae; Jong Soo Lee; Kangil Kim; Jang-Hee Cho; Hajeong Lee; Dong Ki Kim; Chun Soo Lim; Shin-Wook Kang; Yong-Lim Kim; Yon Su Kim; GunHee Kim; Jung Pyo Lee. 2020. "Prediction of the Mortality Risk in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients using Machine Learning Models: A Nation-wide Prospective Cohort in Korea." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 7470-11.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Journal of Korean Medical Science
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In response to the disaster of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) established a patient facility for mild condition patients other than hospital. This study was conducted to investigate the operation and necessary resources of a community treatment center (CTC) operated in Seoul, a metropolitan city with a population of 10 million. To respond COVID-19 epidemic, the SMG designated 5 municipal hospitals as dedicated COVID-19 hospitals and implemented one CTC cooperated with the Boramae Municipal Hospital for COVID-19 patients in Seoul. As a retrospective cross-sectional observational study, retrospective medical records review was conducted for patients admitted to the Seoul CTC. The admission and discharge route of CTC patients were investigated. The patient characteristics were compared according to route of discharge whether the patient was discharged to home or transferred to hospital. To report the operation of CTC, the daily mean number of tests (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and chest X-ray) and consultations by medical staffs were calculated per week. The list of frequent used medications and who used medication most frequently were investigated. Until May 27 when the Seoul CTC was closed, 26.5% (n = 213) of total 803 COVID-19 patients in Seoul were admitted to the CTC. It was 35.7% (n = 213) of 597 newly diagnosed patients in Seoul during the 11 weeks of operation. The median length of stay was 21 days (interquartile range, 12–29 days). A total of 191 patients (89.7%) were discharged to home after virologic remission and 22 (10.3%) were transferred to hospital for further treatment. Fifty percent of transferred patients were within a week since CTC admission. Daily 2.5–3.6 consultations by doctors or nurses and 0.4–0.9 tests were provided to one patient. The most frequently prescribed medication was symptomatic medication for COVID-19 (cough/sputum and rhinorrhea). The next ranking was psychiatric medication for sleep problem and depression/anxiety, which was prescribed more than digestive drug. In the time of an infectious disease disaster, a metropolitan city can operate a temporary patient facility such as CTC to make a surge capacity and appropriately allocate scarce medical resource.

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Sun Young Lee; Kyoung Jun Song; Chun Soo Lim; Byeong Gwan Kim; Young Jun Chai; Jung-Kyu Lee; Su Hwan Kim; Hyouk Jae Lim. Operation and Management of Seoul Metropolitan City Community Treatment Center for Mild Condition COVID-19 Patients. Journal of Korean Medical Science 2020, 35, 1 .

AMA Style

Sun Young Lee, Kyoung Jun Song, Chun Soo Lim, Byeong Gwan Kim, Young Jun Chai, Jung-Kyu Lee, Su Hwan Kim, Hyouk Jae Lim. Operation and Management of Seoul Metropolitan City Community Treatment Center for Mild Condition COVID-19 Patients. Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2020; 35 (40):1.

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Sun Young Lee; Kyoung Jun Song; Chun Soo Lim; Byeong Gwan Kim; Young Jun Chai; Jung-Kyu Lee; Su Hwan Kim; Hyouk Jae Lim. 2020. "Operation and Management of Seoul Metropolitan City Community Treatment Center for Mild Condition COVID-19 Patients." Journal of Korean Medical Science 35, no. 40: 1.

Journal article
Published: 17 December 2019 in Renal Failure
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Background: Although arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis (HD), the association between vascular access types and quality of life is not well-known. We investigated the relationships between HD vascular access types and all-cause mortality, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the degree of depression in a large prospective cohort.Methods: A total of 1461 patients who newly initiated HD were included. The initial vascular access types were classified into AVF, arteriovenous graft (AVG), and central venous catheter (CVC). The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and HRQOL and depression. The secondary outcome was all-cause hospitalization. Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form 36 (KDQOL-36) and Beck's depression inventory (BDI) scores were measured to assess HRQOL and depression.Results: Among 1461 patients, we identified 314 patients who started HD via AVF, 76 via AVG, and 1071 via CVC. In the survival analysis, patients with AVF showed significantly better survival compared with patients with other accesses (p < .001). The AVF and AVG group had higher KDQOL-36 score and lower BDI score than CVC group at 3 months and 12 months after the initiation of HD. The frequency of hospitalization was higher in patients with AVG compared to those with AVF (AVF 0.7 vs. AVG 1.1 times per year) (p = .024).Conclusions: The patients with AVF had better survival rate and low hospitalization rate, and the patients with AVF or AVG showed both higher HRQOL and lower depression scores than those with CVC.

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Do Hyoung Kim; Ji In Park; Jung Pyo Lee; Yong-Lim Kim; Shin-Wook Kang; Chul Woo Yang; Nam-Ho Kim; Yon Su Kim; Chun Soo Lim. The effects of vascular access types on the survival and quality of life and depression in the incident hemodialysis patients. Renal Failure 2019, 42, 30 -39.

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Do Hyoung Kim, Ji In Park, Jung Pyo Lee, Yong-Lim Kim, Shin-Wook Kang, Chul Woo Yang, Nam-Ho Kim, Yon Su Kim, Chun Soo Lim. The effects of vascular access types on the survival and quality of life and depression in the incident hemodialysis patients. Renal Failure. 2019; 42 (1):30-39.

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Do Hyoung Kim; Ji In Park; Jung Pyo Lee; Yong-Lim Kim; Shin-Wook Kang; Chul Woo Yang; Nam-Ho Kim; Yon Su Kim; Chun Soo Lim. 2019. "The effects of vascular access types on the survival and quality of life and depression in the incident hemodialysis patients." Renal Failure 42, no. 1: 30-39.

Study protocol
Published: 28 November 2019 in Trials
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Background Pruritus in patients undergoing hemodialysis is a highly prevalent complication that affects quality of life. Several medications are currently used for the treatment of uremic pruritus, but these are not satisfactory. PG102P, which is prepared from Actinidia arguta, has an immune-modulating effect on pruritus. This trial is designed to assess the antipruritic effect of PG102P compared with placebo. Methods This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial will include 80 patients undergoing hemodialysis. The patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to a treatment group (PG102P 1.5 g/day) or a control group (placebo). The treatment will last for 8 weeks, followed by a 2-week observational period. During the observational period, all of the patients will maintain the antipruritic treatment previously used. The primary endpoint will be measured as the difference in visual analog scale between the groups before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes include serum levels of total immunoglobulin E, eosinophil cationic protein, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone, and blood eosinophil count between weeks 0 and 8. Kidney Disease and Quality of Life and Beck’s Depression Inventory questionnaires will be conducted. Safety assessments and any adverse events that occur will also be evaluated. Discussion The SNUG is a clinical study that aims to investigate the antipruritic effect of PG102P to ameliorate itching in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov, NCT03576235. Registered on 4 July 2018.

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Yong Chul Kim; Jae Yoon Park; Sohee Oh; Jang-Hee Cho; Jae Hyun Chang; Dae Eun Choi; Jung Tak Park; Jung Pyo Lee; Sejoong Kim; Dong Ki Kim; Dong-Ryeol Ryu; Chun Soo Lim. Safety and efficacy of PG102P for the control of pruritus in patients undergoing hemodialysis (SNUG trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019, 20, 1 -7.

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Yong Chul Kim, Jae Yoon Park, Sohee Oh, Jang-Hee Cho, Jae Hyun Chang, Dae Eun Choi, Jung Tak Park, Jung Pyo Lee, Sejoong Kim, Dong Ki Kim, Dong-Ryeol Ryu, Chun Soo Lim. Safety and efficacy of PG102P for the control of pruritus in patients undergoing hemodialysis (SNUG trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2019; 20 (1):1-7.

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Yong Chul Kim; Jae Yoon Park; Sohee Oh; Jang-Hee Cho; Jae Hyun Chang; Dae Eun Choi; Jung Tak Park; Jung Pyo Lee; Sejoong Kim; Dong Ki Kim; Dong-Ryeol Ryu; Chun Soo Lim. 2019. "Safety and efficacy of PG102P for the control of pruritus in patients undergoing hemodialysis (SNUG trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial." Trials 20, no. 1: 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2019 in Korean Journal of Family Medicine
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We assessed the frequency and severity of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with sulfonylurea monotherapy or sulfonylurea+metformin. We conducted a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study in 2011 and 2012 including patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged ≥30 years who were treated with ≥6 months of sulfonylurea monotherapy or sulfonylurea+metformin at 20 university-affiliated hospitals in Korea. At enrollment, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was assessed; participants completed self-reported questionnaires describing hypoglycemia incidents over the past 6 months. A review of medical records up to 12 months before enrollment provided data on demographics, disease history, comorbidities, laboratory results, and drug usage. Of 726 enrolled patients, 719 were included (55.6% male); 31.7% and 68.3% were on sulfonylurea monotherapy and sulfonylurea+metformin, respectively. Mean±standard deviation age was 65.9±10.0 years; mean HbA1c level was 7.0%±1.0%; 77.8% of patients had hypertension (89.4% used antihypertensive medication); 60.5% had lipid disorders (72.5% used lipid-lowering medication); and 52.0% had one or more micro- or macrovascular diseases. Among patients with A1c measurement (n=717), 56.4% achieved therapeutic goals (HbA1c <7.0%); 42.4% (305/719) experienced hypoglycemia within 6 months of enrollment; and 38.8%, 12.9%, 12.7%, and 3.9% of patients experienced mild, moderate, severe, and very severe hypoglycemia symptoms, respectively. Several reported hypoglycemia frequency as 1-2 times over the last 6 months. The mean number of very severe hypoglycemia episodes was 3.5±5.5. Among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with sulfonylurea-based regimens, glycemic levels were relatively well controlled but hypoglycemia remained a prevalent side effect.

ACS Style

Yon Su Kim; Be Long Cho; Woo Sik Kim; Sang Hyun Kim; In Hyeon Jung; Won Yong Sin; Dong Hoon Choi; Sang Jae Lee; Chun Soo Lim; Kyung Pyo Kang; Byung Yeon Yu; Wonju Jeung; Chang Gyu Park. Frequency and Severity of Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Treated with a Sulfonylurea-Based Regimen at University-Affiliated Hospitals in Korea: The Naturalistic Evaluation of Hypoglycemic Events in Diabetic Subjects Study. Korean Journal of Family Medicine 2019, 40, 212 -219.

AMA Style

Yon Su Kim, Be Long Cho, Woo Sik Kim, Sang Hyun Kim, In Hyeon Jung, Won Yong Sin, Dong Hoon Choi, Sang Jae Lee, Chun Soo Lim, Kyung Pyo Kang, Byung Yeon Yu, Wonju Jeung, Chang Gyu Park. Frequency and Severity of Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Treated with a Sulfonylurea-Based Regimen at University-Affiliated Hospitals in Korea: The Naturalistic Evaluation of Hypoglycemic Events in Diabetic Subjects Study. Korean Journal of Family Medicine. 2019; 40 (4):212-219.

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Yon Su Kim; Be Long Cho; Woo Sik Kim; Sang Hyun Kim; In Hyeon Jung; Won Yong Sin; Dong Hoon Choi; Sang Jae Lee; Chun Soo Lim; Kyung Pyo Kang; Byung Yeon Yu; Wonju Jeung; Chang Gyu Park. 2019. "Frequency and Severity of Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Treated with a Sulfonylurea-Based Regimen at University-Affiliated Hospitals in Korea: The Naturalistic Evaluation of Hypoglycemic Events in Diabetic Subjects Study." Korean Journal of Family Medicine 40, no. 4: 212-219.

Comparative study
Published: 31 January 2019 in BMC Nephrology
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An increasing amount of evidence has demonstrated an association between an increase in the level of tumor necrosis factor superfamily 13 (TNFSF13) and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) progression. We aimed to evaluate if the level of pre-transplant serum TNFSF13 is predictive of IgAN recurrence after kidney transplantation. This analysis was based on the clinical and laboratory data of 69 patients with IgAN who underwent first kidney transplantation with no evidence of mesangial IgA deposits in zero-time transplantation biopsy. We measured pre-transplant serum TNFSF13, total IgA, and galactose-deficient IgA1 levels. The recurrence rate of IgAN over a median follow-up duration of 5.1 years was 15.9% (11/69 patients), with a mean time to the first recurrence of 1.7 years. The high pre-transplant TNFSF13 level was associated with IgAN recurrence after kidney transplantation among patients who received a graft from a living related donor. This study highlights association of TNFSF13 levels in recurrent IgAN patients who undergo living related donor transplantation. Further research is needed to clarify mechanisms by which TNFSF13 affects the recurrence of IgA nephropathy.

ACS Style

Hyung Ah Jo; Seung Seok Han; SunHwa Lee; Joo Young Kim; Seung Hee Yang; Hajeong Lee; Jae Seok Yang; Jung Pyo Lee; Kwon Wook Joo; Chun Soo Lim; Yon Su Kim; Curie Ahn; Jin Suk Han; Dong Ki Kim. The association of tumor necrosis factor superfamily 13 with recurrence of immunoglobulin A nephropathy in living related kidney transplantation. BMC Nephrology 2019, 20, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Hyung Ah Jo, Seung Seok Han, SunHwa Lee, Joo Young Kim, Seung Hee Yang, Hajeong Lee, Jae Seok Yang, Jung Pyo Lee, Kwon Wook Joo, Chun Soo Lim, Yon Su Kim, Curie Ahn, Jin Suk Han, Dong Ki Kim. The association of tumor necrosis factor superfamily 13 with recurrence of immunoglobulin A nephropathy in living related kidney transplantation. BMC Nephrology. 2019; 20 (1):1-7.

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Hyung Ah Jo; Seung Seok Han; SunHwa Lee; Joo Young Kim; Seung Hee Yang; Hajeong Lee; Jae Seok Yang; Jung Pyo Lee; Kwon Wook Joo; Chun Soo Lim; Yon Su Kim; Curie Ahn; Jin Suk Han; Dong Ki Kim. 2019. "The association of tumor necrosis factor superfamily 13 with recurrence of immunoglobulin A nephropathy in living related kidney transplantation." BMC Nephrology 20, no. 1: 1-7.

Comparative study
Published: 04 May 2018 in Transplantation Proceedings
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Comorbid conditions are important in the survival of kidney transplant recipients. The weights assigned to comorbidities to predict survival may vary based on the type of index disease and advances in the management of comorbidities. We aimed to develop a modified Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) in renal allograft recipients (mCCI-KT), thereby improving risk stratification for mortality. A total of 3765 recipients in a multicenter cohort were included to develop a comorbidity score. The weights of the comorbidities, per the CCI, were recalibrated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Peripheral vascular disease, liver disease, myocardial infarction, and diabetes in the CCI were selected from the Cox proportional hazards model. Thus, the mCCI-KT included 4 comorbidities with recalibrated severity weights. Whereas the CCI did not discriminate for survival, the mCCI-KT provided significant discrimination for survival using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. The mCCI-KT showed modest increases in c-statistics (0.54 vs 0.52, P = .001) and improved net mortality risk reclassification by 16.3% (95% confidence interval, 3.2–29.4; P = .015) relative to the CCI. The mCCI-KT stratifies the risk for mortality in renal allograft recipients better than the CCI, suggesting that it may be a preferred index for use in clinical practice.

ACS Style

J.Y. Park; M.H. Kim; E.J. Bae; S. Kim; D.K. Kim; K.W. Joo; Y.S. Kim; J.P. Lee; C.S. Lim. Comorbidities Can Predict Mortality of Kidney Transplant Recipients: Comparison With the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Transplantation Proceedings 2018, 50, 1068 -1073.

AMA Style

J.Y. Park, M.H. Kim, E.J. Bae, S. Kim, D.K. Kim, K.W. Joo, Y.S. Kim, J.P. Lee, C.S. Lim. Comorbidities Can Predict Mortality of Kidney Transplant Recipients: Comparison With the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Transplantation Proceedings. 2018; 50 (4):1068-1073.

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J.Y. Park; M.H. Kim; E.J. Bae; S. Kim; D.K. Kim; K.W. Joo; Y.S. Kim; J.P. Lee; C.S. Lim. 2018. "Comorbidities Can Predict Mortality of Kidney Transplant Recipients: Comparison With the Charlson Comorbidity Index." Transplantation Proceedings 50, no. 4: 1068-1073.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2018 in Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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In this pilot study, a CBT program which included mindfulness meditation enhanced overall mental health and biochemical marker levels in ESRD patients undergoing HD.

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Bo Kyung Sohn; Yun Kyu Oh; Jung-Seok Choi; Jiyoun Song; Ahyoung Lim; Jung Pyo Lee; Jung Nam An; Hee-Jeong Choi; Jae Yeon Hwang; Hee-Yeon Jung; Jun-Young Lee; And Chun Soo Lim. Effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy with mindfulness in end-stage renal disease hemodialysis patients. Kidney Research and Clinical Practice 2018, 37, 77 -84.

AMA Style

Bo Kyung Sohn, Yun Kyu Oh, Jung-Seok Choi, Jiyoun Song, Ahyoung Lim, Jung Pyo Lee, Jung Nam An, Hee-Jeong Choi, Jae Yeon Hwang, Hee-Yeon Jung, Jun-Young Lee, And Chun Soo Lim. Effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy with mindfulness in end-stage renal disease hemodialysis patients. Kidney Research and Clinical Practice. 2018; 37 (1):77-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bo Kyung Sohn; Yun Kyu Oh; Jung-Seok Choi; Jiyoun Song; Ahyoung Lim; Jung Pyo Lee; Jung Nam An; Hee-Jeong Choi; Jae Yeon Hwang; Hee-Yeon Jung; Jun-Young Lee; And Chun Soo Lim. 2018. "Effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy with mindfulness in end-stage renal disease hemodialysis patients." Kidney Research and Clinical Practice 37, no. 1: 77-84.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2017 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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We conducted a campus forest-walking program targeting university and graduate students during their lunchtime and examined the physical and psychological effects of the program. We utilized a quasi-experimental design with a control group and a pretest–posttest design. Forty-seven men (M = 25.5 ± 3.8 years) and 52 women (M = 23.3 ± 4.3 years) volunteered to participate (experimental group n = 51, control group n = 48). The intervention group participated in campus forest-walking program once a week for six weeks; they were also asked to walk once a week additionally on an individual basis. Additionally, participants received one lecture on stress management. Post-tests were conducted both just after the program ended and three months after. A chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to evaluate the effects of the program. Health promoting behaviors (F = 7.27, p = 0.001, ES = 0.27) and parasympathetic nerve activity (F = 3.69, p = 0.027, ES = 0.20) significantly increased and depression (F = 3.15, p = 0.045, ES = 0.18) significantly decreased in the experimental group after the intervention compared to the control group. In conclusion, using the campus walking program to target students during their lunchtime is an efficient strategy to promote their physical and psychological health.

ACS Style

Kyung-Sook Bang; Insook Lee; SungJae Kim; Chun Soo Lim; Hee-Kyung Joh; Bum-Jin Park; Min Kyung Song. The Effects of a Campus Forest-Walking Program on Undergraduate and Graduate Students’ Physical and Psychological Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 728 .

AMA Style

Kyung-Sook Bang, Insook Lee, SungJae Kim, Chun Soo Lim, Hee-Kyung Joh, Bum-Jin Park, Min Kyung Song. The Effects of a Campus Forest-Walking Program on Undergraduate and Graduate Students’ Physical and Psychological Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (7):728.

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Kyung-Sook Bang; Insook Lee; SungJae Kim; Chun Soo Lim; Hee-Kyung Joh; Bum-Jin Park; Min Kyung Song. 2017. "The Effects of a Campus Forest-Walking Program on Undergraduate and Graduate Students’ Physical and Psychological Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 7: 728.

Journal article
Published: 27 March 2017 in BMC Nephrology
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We attempted to describe the clinical features and determine the factors associated with renal survival in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and to determine the factors associated with spontaneous complete remission (sCR) and progression to NS in iMN patients with subnephrotic proteinuria. This retrospective study involved 166 iMN patients with NS and 65 patients with subnephrotic proteinuria. The primary end point was a doubling of serum creatinine or initiation of dialysis. In patients with subnephrotic proteinuria, we determined the factors associated with sCR and factors associated with progression to NS. Remission of NS was achieved in 125 out of 166 patients (75.3%). Of those who reached remission, 26 patients (20.8%) experienced relapse that was followed by second remission. The relapse or persistence of proteinuria was associated with the primary end points (hazard ratio [HR] = 12.40, P = 0.037, HR = 173, P < 0.001, respectively). In patients with subnephrotic proteinuria, sCR occurred in 35.4% of the patients. The patients with sCR had lower proteinuria and serum creatinine levels and higher serum albumin concentrations at baseline. The serum albumin level at diagnosis was a prognostic factor for progression to NS (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.015, P < 0.001). The occurrence of relapse or persistence of proteinuria had negative effects on renal survival in iMN patients with NS, and low serum albumin levels at baseline were associated with non-achievement of sCR and progression to NS.

ACS Style

Hyuk Huh; Hajeong Lee; Jung Pyo Lee; Dong Ki Kim; Sohee Oh; Yun Kyu Oh; Yon Su Kim; Chun Soo Lim. Factors affecting the long-term outcomes of idiopathic membranous nephropathy. BMC Nephrology 2017, 18, 104 .

AMA Style

Hyuk Huh, Hajeong Lee, Jung Pyo Lee, Dong Ki Kim, Sohee Oh, Yun Kyu Oh, Yon Su Kim, Chun Soo Lim. Factors affecting the long-term outcomes of idiopathic membranous nephropathy. BMC Nephrology. 2017; 18 (1):104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyuk Huh; Hajeong Lee; Jung Pyo Lee; Dong Ki Kim; Sohee Oh; Yun Kyu Oh; Yon Su Kim; Chun Soo Lim. 2017. "Factors affecting the long-term outcomes of idiopathic membranous nephropathy." BMC Nephrology 18, no. 1: 104.