A compact, high performance and novel shaped Ultra-wideband (UWB) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna with low mutual coupling is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of two radiating elements with shared ground plane having an area of 50×30 mm2. F-shaped stubs are introduced in the shared ground plane of the proposed antenna to produce high isolation between the MIMO antenna elements. The designed MIMO antenna has very low mutual coupling of (S 21<-20 dB), low envelop correlation coefficient (ECC< 0.04), high diversity gain (DG> 7.4), high multiplexing efficiency (ηMux> -3.5) and high peak gain over the entire UWB frequencies. The antenna performance is studied in terms of S-Parameters, radiation properties, peak gain, diversity gain, envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) and multiplexing efficiency. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed.

Lighting, both indoor and outdoor, consumes a substantial amount of energy, making improved efficiency a significant challenge. A promising approach to address outdoor lighting is the smart control of public lighting. Smart lighting using electronically controlled light-emitting diode (LED) lights for adaptable illumination and monitoring is being used to achieve an energy efficient system. However, the traffic engineering integrated with smart control for energy optimization has not been widely used. In this paper, a novel concept of traffic-flow-based smart (LED) street lighting for energy optimization is proposed. The developed smart grid architecture-based system uses low power ZigBee mesh network to provide maximum energy efficiency in response to adaptive traffic on the road. Moreover, the scalable wireless network of smart LED lights offers improved reliability, reduced cost, and more user satisfaction. In order to validate the performance, the proposed system was implemented and tested in a real environment inside a university campus. Experimental results show that in comparison with the replaced conventional metal halide lighting, our system is capable of 68%-82% energy savings depending on the variations in daylight hours between summer and winter. A significant reduction in greenhouse gases, improved overall system reliability, and reduced maintenance due to smart control suggests promising results for future wide-area deployment.

The aim of this work is to propose a dual band millimeter wave (mmwave) MIMO antenna system for 5G technology. In addition, the arrangement of the antenna elements in an array should be in such a manner that without using the traditional decoupling structures and/or techniques, a reasonable isolation level must be achieved. To demonstrate this, a system consists of four radiating elements that are etched on a 0.508 mm-thick Rogers-5880 substrate. The dielectric constant of the substrate is 2.2 and the loss tangent is 0.0009. Each radiating element consists of three parts; an E-shaped patch, an H-shaped slot within a patch, and a transmission line. The system is resonating at two different mmwave frequencies, i.e., 28 GHz and 38 GHz with a minimum port isolation of 28 dB. The mean measured gain is found to be at 7.1 dBi at 28 GHz and 7.9 dBi at 38 GHz with average efficiency, and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of the system at 70%, and 0.0005 respectively. The proposed system is designed and simulated in a full-wave electromagnetic wave software Computer Simulation Technology (CST), fabricated using LPKF D104 milling machine, and measured using R&SZNA67 vector network analyzer. An excellent agreement is observed between the simulated and the measured results and a detailed comparison with the previous works is also presented. Due to attributes such as low-cost, easy to fabricate, and dual-band, it is believed that this system will find its application for future 5G systems.

This work propose the design and measurement of tunable, highly selective and wide-stopband microwave filters using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. A two pole filter is designed using optimized cavity parameters. Two higher order (4-pole) filters are designed by connecting two cavities vertically and horizontally through coupling slots. In this way, four poles are achieved in two cavities, in which the proposed filter produces 2×N poles in N cavities. A varactor diode is employed in both configurations to make the filters tunable. The proposed filters have wide upper stopband performance 20 dB up to 4.8f1 (Filter 1) and 20 dB up to 4.2f1 (Filter 2), lower insertion losses 0.2-1.1 dB (Filter 1) and 0.2-1.5 dB (Filter 2) and good tunability ranges 2.7-3.4 GHz (Filter 1) and 3.1-3.9 GHz (Filter 2). In order to validate the proposed design, a prototype is fabricated on RT/duroid 5870 substrate and measured. The simulated results accord closely with the measured results.

One of the notable aspects of public safety applications in 5G networks is location awareness, which is a feature of contemporary technology that imparts details about a user’s geographical location to another user or application. Mobile users take their cell phones and other gadgets with them almost everywhere. Thus, integrating location awareness in mobile applications gives users a much more real experience. Therefore, this paper presents an algorithm to predict user location in 5G networks by using received signal strength measurements. Initially, the relative coordinates of users are computed using Isomap. Then the relative coordinates of users are transformed by Procrustes analysis. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, the Cramer–Rao lower bound is derived, which is the lower bound on error variance. It can be concluded from our results that the proposed approach outperforms those found in the existing literature.

The non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme has proven to be a potential candidate to enhance spectral potency and massive connectivity for 5G wireless networks. To achieve effective system performance, user grouping, power control, and decoding order are considered to be fundamental factors. In this regard, a joint combinatorial problem consisting of user grouping and power control is considered, to obtain high spectral-efficiency for NOMA uplink system with lower computational complexity. To solve the joint problem of power control and user grouping, for Uplink NOMA, we have used a newly developed meta-heuristicnature-inspired optimization algorithm i.e., whale optimization algorithm (WOA), for the first time. Furthermore, for comparison, a recently initiated grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and the well-known particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms were applied for the same joint issue. To attain optimal and sub-optimal solutions, a NOMA-based model was used to evaluate the potential of the proposed algorithm. Numerical results validate that proposed WOA outperforms GWO, PSO and existing literature reported for NOMA uplink systems in-terms of spectral performance. In addition, WOA attains improved results in terms of joint user grouping and power control with lower system-complexity when compared to GWO and PSO algorithms. The proposed work is a novel enhancement for 5G uplink applications of NOMA systems.