This study’s aim is to determine the consistency of student opinions regarding the importance of individual skills in three areas—people, practice, and perspective—with expert assessment. The study group consisted of five-year students accredited by IPMA Poland. The team of experts was comprised of recruiters, project management lecturers, assessors, and information technology (IT) industry project managers. Our research shows divergences in the approach to key competence that a project manager should have. This is understandable, given the specifics of the comparison. However, the analysis that has been conducted and presented will allow the curricula to be revised. The subsequent evaluation of curricula should address the changes in the labor market. Education should provide key competences, especially as modern project management requires a full spectrum of competences and approaches. Besides experience, project management is the most frequently pursued competence that is required in terms of staff recruitment criteria. The research resulting figures may be useful for recruiters, certification institutions, and universities.

Purpose: The aim of the article is to define the way of understanding of agile in enterprises, to verify the factors limiting agility implementation, as well as to understand what the expectations of enterprise management towards agile implementation are.Design/methodology/approach: The article uses both literature studies and empirical research. The research was conducted in 2019 in 152 companies located in Luxemburg, Croatia and Poland, which have implemented an agile approach to management.Findings: In most of the surveyed organisations, agile is understood as a methodology for creating projects or applications. The most common barriers to implementing agile in the surveyed enterprises are culture too deeply rooted in traditional methodologies and the lack of funds to introduce transformations. Growth in productivity and competitiveness and reducing delivery time stand out among the most common expectations of the management of the surveyed enterprises.Originality/value: The article is in line with the idea of analysing the key factors of a successful agile implementation, which can be a guideline for an enterprise to manage the adoption of agility. The article utilises original research tools, provides comparisons between countries and presents implications for practitioners and researchers.

Purpose: The main reason for writing the paper was to present the latest research studies on using AI in education and present the survey studies on students’ opinions according to AI-based tools in learning process. Design/methodology/approach: The theoretical part of the article presents research from the last 5 years on AI in education and higher education. The empirical part presents the results of surveys conducted among students of the University of Economics in Krakow on their opinions on the impact of AI-based tools on their learning process. Findings: The research show that the vast majority (95.1%) of respondents see that tools based on AI facilitate the learning process and provide valuable didactic support. Despite positive assessments, respondents express concerns about credibility, privacy and potential addiction to technology. Research limitations/implications: The results suggest the need for appropriate regulation and education regarding the use of AI-based tools. The study is limited by the too rapid development of AI in recent times and the ever-increasing number of new tools used in the student learning process. Practical implications: The study revealed that 95.1% of students find AI tools like ChatGPT, Canva, and Quizlet beneficial for learning, although concerns about credibility, privacy, and dependency remain. It suggests universities should implement AI tools and train staff in their use while addressing risks and ensuring equal access for all students. Social implications: By highlighting the benefits of AI in education, the study may foster more positive public attitudes towards technological integration in learning environments. With AI tools enhancing the learning experience and potentially improving educational outcomes, students may enjoy improved academic success and career prospects, ultimately contributing to a higher quality of life. Originality/value: The study is notable for its focus on students and their subjective assessments of the opportunities and concerns related to the use of AI, especially in the context of tools such as ChatGPT, Canva, and Quizlet, which sheds light on their growing importance and challenges in higher education. Keywords: artificial intelligence, AI, AI-based tools, university education. Category of the paper: research paper.

Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess the level of Agile implementation in organisations in Poland and to determine the most commonly used Agile methods. The intention of this paper is to present the results of empirical research on technological tools supporting agile organisations in Poland and consider which digital competencies may favour their use. Research Design & Methods: This paper presents a review of the literature and the results of empirical research on the use of information technology in enterprises which follow Agile practices and approaches. Empirical research is based on an interview questionnaire, which contained questions about the level of Agile implementation in the organisation, Agile implementation and support areas, support factors, barriers to implementation, and implementation results. Findings: The paper presents the main IT tools used in agile enterprises and the results of research conducted in this field. The study shows that in 2019 companies mainly used the Agile approach for the creation of innovative services and (or) products. Research also indicates that, when it comes to Agile Good Practices, respondents most often use Scrum and Kanban. Practices such as DevOps, TDD, or SAFe were much less frequently used by the companies surveyed. Implications / Recommendations: The results of the research provide valuable information on three issues: implementation of the Agile approach in Polish enterprises, assessment of the use of technological bricks in Polish enterprises, and an analysis of good practices in Polish enterprises. The research also indicates directions for further research. Among others, it is recommended to repeat the research on the level of agility of the organisation in Poland, primarily to check whether the level of implementation has changed and whether the implementation has taken place in other key areas of the company. Contribution: Literature review and economic practice indicate that there is increasing popularity of the use of information technologies, not only in agile organisations but in general, requiring employees and managers to improve their digital competencies. This paper addresses the need to evaluate the current state of Agile implementation in the organisation and examines the use of technological bricks in Agile in both theoretical and empirical ways.