This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of the polysaccharide from Sinonovacula constricta (SCP‐1‐1) in RAW264.7 cells. SCP‐1‐1 with a molecular weight of 440.0 kDa consisted of glucose and mannose. The immunomodulatory assay results showed that SCP‐1‐1 could significantly enhance phagocytic ability, NO production, and some cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β) secretion of RAW264.7 cell in a dose‐dependent manner. Western blot analysis results demonstrated that SCP‐1‐1 could regulate the expression levels of the key proteins in the signaling pathways of RAW264.7 cell and might associated with NF‐κβ and PI3K signaling pathway. These findings could contribute to elucidate the immunomodulatory activities of the polysaccharide from Sinonovacula constricta.

The present study sought to investigate the migration of target bisphenols, such as bisphenol-A (BPA), bisphenol-F (BPA), bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol-A (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE·H₂O), bisphenol-A bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE·2H₂O), and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in 102 samples of several canned seafood, namely canned Antarctic krill, scallop, oysters, mussel, clam, and mantis shrimp stored for months at different temperatures through a high-performance liquid chromatographic-fluorescence detector combined with a microwave-assisted extraction method. Except for BFDGE, the other five bisphenols were observed in most of the analyzed samples. The canned shrimp showed the highest migration of BPA (0.089 mg/kg), exceeding the specific migration limit (SML) of BPA (0.05 mg/kg) specified by the European Union, while the migration levels of BADGE and its derivatives were within their SMLs. The migration behavior of bisphenols in the canned seafood was majorly affected by the analytes, storage conditions, and food types. BPA, BADGE·H₂O, and BADGE·2H₂O were characterized by a rapid migration during the first half of the shelf life, which increased with the increase of temperature, followed by a stabilization or decline of their concentrations for prolonged durations. Besides, the migration of target bisphenols was significantly influenced by the storage temperature in some seafood species. Notably, higher migration level of BPA was found in samples with higher fat content. The average dietary exposure of Chinese adults to BPA, BPF, BADGE·2H₂O, BADGE·H₂O, and BADGE of canned seafood was estimated at 11.69, 1.21, 6.47, 8.74, and 4.71 ng/(kg·d), respectively. The target hazard quotient values of all the analyzed bisphenols were below 1 for the Chinese adults, suggesting an insignificant exposure to these bisphenols through canned seafood consumption.

Antarctic krill bioactive peptides (AkBPs) have garnered considerable attention due to their rich bioresources, safety, cost-effectiveness, and health-promoting properties. AkBPs exhibit various bioactivities, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, immunoregulatory, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic effects due to their amino acid composition, primary sequences, and conformational structures. Furthermore, AkBPs also possess different functional properties due to their hydrophilic/lipophilic properties and conformational flexibility. Despite the increasing volume of studies on AkBPs, a comprehensive systematic review is still lacking. This review summarizes research advancements on the bioactivities, structural characteristics, structure-activity relationships, and functional properties of AkBPs. The major challenges and prospects of AkBPs as functional components and their application are also discussed. This review provides valuable insights and constructive inspiration for future research direction and application of AkBPs.