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Watermark, Tensiometer and Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) are commonly used soil water sensors in irrigation practice whose performance depends on soil type, depth and growing conditions. Here, the results of sensor performance evaluation in different soil depths as well as the field and laboratory testing in silty clay loamy soil are presented. Gravimetric soil moisture samples were taken from sensor installation depths (10, 20, 30 and 45 cm) and used as reference Soil Water Content (SWC). The measurements varied significantly (p < 0.05) across the monitoring depths. On average across the soil depths, there was a strong negative linear relationship between Watermark (r = −0.91) and TDR (r = 0.94), and a moderate negative (r = −0.75) linear relationship between SWC and Tensiometer. In general, Watermark and Tensiometer measured SWC with great accuracy in the range of readily available water, generated larger Mean Difference (MD) than TDR and overestimated SWC, while TDR underestimated SWC. Overall, laboratory testing reduced the root mean square error (RMSE, Watermark = 1.2, Tensiometer = 2.6, TDR = 1.9) and Mean Average Error (MAE, Watermark = 0.9, Tensiometer = 2.04. TDR = 1.04) for all tested sensors.
Monika Marković; Goran Krizmanić; Andrija Brkić; Atilgan Atilgan; Božica Japundžić-Palenkić; Davor Petrović; Željko Barač. Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Supplementary Irrigation Management. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 2451 .
AMA StyleMonika Marković, Goran Krizmanić, Andrija Brkić, Atilgan Atilgan, Božica Japundžić-Palenkić, Davor Petrović, Željko Barač. Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Supplementary Irrigation Management. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (6):2451.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Marković; Goran Krizmanić; Andrija Brkić; Atilgan Atilgan; Božica Japundžić-Palenkić; Davor Petrović; Željko Barač. 2021. "Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Supplementary Irrigation Management." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6: 2451.
Alfalfa is the main perennial legume and a rich source of phytoestrogens. Variation of phytoestrogen content and agronomic traits was evaluated in twenty alfalfa populations over two consecutive years. The most dominant phytoestrogen in alfalfa populations was genistein, while slightly lower levels were found for kaempferol and coumestrol. Several populations (Af 1, 12, 18, 19, 20) showed superior agronomic performance, especially high forage yield (up to 71.93 t ha−1). These populations were also characterized by a lower (Af 1, 12, 18, 20) or high (Af 1, 19) content of total and individual phytoestrogens, including Af 8 population with the highest total content (2637.10 μg g-1 of DM) and content of most of the individual phytoestrogens and favorable agronomic properties. Ward hierarchical clustering method grouped the twenty evaluated populations into four distinct clusters. Identified materials provide a valuable source of germplasm for further breeding programs in order to develop new high-yielding cultivars with either low (for forage use) or high (for possible pharmaceuticals/nutraceuticals industries) phytoestrogen content.
Marijana Tucak; Tihomir Čupić; Daniela Horvat; Svetislav Popović; Goran Krizmanić; Marija Ravlić. Variation of Phytoestrogen Content and Major Agronomic Traits in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Populations. Agronomy 2020, 10, 87 .
AMA StyleMarijana Tucak, Tihomir Čupić, Daniela Horvat, Svetislav Popović, Goran Krizmanić, Marija Ravlić. Variation of Phytoestrogen Content and Major Agronomic Traits in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Populations. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (1):87.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarijana Tucak; Tihomir Čupić; Daniela Horvat; Svetislav Popović; Goran Krizmanić; Marija Ravlić. 2020. "Variation of Phytoestrogen Content and Major Agronomic Traits in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Populations." Agronomy 10, no. 1: 87.