This review examines the methods used to optimize the process parameters of laser cladding, including traditional optimization algorithms such as single-factor, regression analysis, response surface, and Taguchi, as well as intelligent system optimization algorithms such as neural network models, genetic algorithms, support vector machines, the new non-dominance ranking genetic algorithm II, and particle swarm algorithms. The advantages and disadvantages of various laser cladding process optimization methods are analyzed and summarized. Finally, the development trend of optimization methods in the field of laser cladding is summarized and predicted. It is believed that the result would serve as a foundation for future studies on the preparation of high-quality laser cladding coatings.

Different-shaped ultrafine MoNbTaW high-entropy alloy powders were firstly prepared by a convenient mechanical alloying method. The phase composition and microstructure of the powders were characterized. The powders are ultrafine with nano-sized grains and a good homogeneous microstructure. All the powders have a single body-centered cubic solid solution phase and form the high-entropy alloy during mechanical alloying. These powders with different shapes are quite attractive for developing high-performance MoNbTaW high-entropy alloy bulk and coatings combined with a following sintering, spraying, or additive manufacturing technique.

A three-dimensional (3D) representative volume element (RVE) model was developed for analyzing effective mechanical behavior of fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites with imperfect interfaces. In the model, the fiber is assumed to be perfectly elastic until its tensile strength, and the ceramic material is modeled by an elasto-plastic Drucker-Prager constitutive law. The RVE model is then used to study the elastic properties and the tensile strength of composites with imperfect interfaces and validated through experiments. The imperfect interfaces between the fiber and the matrix are taken into account by introducing some cohesive contact surfaces. The influences of the interface on the elastic constants and the tensile strengths are examined through these interface models.