Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology has garnered significant attention for the detection of trace food contaminants, due to its exceptional sensitivity, non-destructive nature, and molecular fingerprinting capabilities. Currently, SERS applications in the simultaneous detection of multiple contaminants have advanced rapidly. SERS-based simultaneous detection strategies are generally categorized into label-free and labeled detection methods. Labeled detection can be further divided into SERS encoding detection and spatial isolation detection, with Raman reporter molecules playing a key role in SERS encoding. This article reviews the strategies, principles, common Raman reporter molecules, and practical applications of SERS-based simultaneous detection. Additionally, this article explores the challenges and future directions of SERS technology in contaminant detection, with an emphasis on the development of stable, intelligent substrates; improvements in analytical algorithms; and the creation of portable, on-site detection platforms. This study seeks to offer valuable insights into the development of SERS-based methods for simultaneously detecting multi-contaminants.

The rapid and sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is essential to ensure food safety and protect humans from foodborne diseases. In this study, a sensitive and facile electrochemical immunosensor using AuPdPt trimetallic nanoparticles functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-AuPdPt) as the signal amplification platform was designed for the label-free detection of S. aureus. The nanocomposite of MWCNTs-AuPdPt was prepared by an in situ growth method of loading AuPdPt trimetallic nanoparticles on the surface of MWCNTs. The synthesized MWCNTs-AuPdPt featured good conductivity and superior catalytic performance for hydrogen peroxide. The nanocomposite of MWCNTs-AuPdPt with good biocompatibility and high specific surface area was further functionalized by anti-S. aureus antibodies. The immobilized antibodies could efficiently capture S. aureus to the modified electrode by an immune reaction, which resulted in the change of catalytic current intensity to realize the sensitive detection of S. aureus. The designed immunosensor could detect S. aureus in a linear range from 1.1 × 10² to 1.1 × 10⁷ CFU mL⁻¹ with a low detection limit of 39 CFU mL⁻¹. Additionally, the proposed immunosensor was successfully applied to determine S. aureus in actual samples with acceptable results. This strategy provided a promising platform for highly sensitive determination of S. aureus and other pathogens in food products.