Due to their excellent properties, the requirement for materials with higher characteristics has transformed primary alloy into composite materials. Composites are particularly essential for various applications in numerous engineering purposes because of their superior mechanical, physical, and machining qualities. Compared to traditional materials, aluminum composite has various advantages and superior characteristics. To reduce production costs and obtain the desired properties, the researchers developed a hybrid aluminum matrix composite (HAMC), an AMC with two or more types of reinforcement. Further studies were conducted to improve the qualities and manufacturing processes of composites to improve their properties. Various methods are available to HAMC manufacturing, and different manufacturing methods result in different characteristics of HAMC composites, viewed from physical properties, mechanical properties, and production cost. In addition, differences in the type, size, and amount of reinforcement produce various hybrid composite properties, especially in the physical properties, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior of HAMC. This work presents a comprehensive review of recent progress in HAMC study with various reinforcement particles, manufacturing techniques, physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of HAMC. On the other side, this work provides discussion for application, challenges, and future work conducted for HAMC development.

The research aims to investigate the fiber orientation effect on the tensile and impact properties of zalacca midrib fiber /HDPE composites. The composites were produced by compression molding with pressing temperature at 150°C, pressing pressure at 50 bar, and holding time of 25 minutes. The fiber orientations applied in composites were 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°, at 10% fiber volume fraction. The samples were evaluated by using: Tensile test and Izod impact test according to ASTM D638 and ASTM D5941, respectively. The result of experiments indicate that the orientation of zalacca midrib fiber influences the characteristics of HDPE composite-zalacca midrib fiber. The composite mechanical strength decline with the increase of orientation fibers from 0° to 90°. The composite failure mode of composites are observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) are widely used in various applications because of their excellent properties; however, their lightweightness limits their broad application scope. Various ceramic compounds are used as reinforcements in AMCs, such as Al₂O₃, SiC, ZrO₂, and TiO₂. However, the use of ceramic compounds results in high production costs in AMC manufacturing. Thus, the substitution of reinforcement particles with various organic and industrial waste reinforcements is required. In line with the research trend of using industrial waste materials such as rice husk ash, red mud, and fly ash, this study uses sea sand as an AMC reinforcement. Sea sand is used because it primarily contains SiO₂ and Fe₃O₄ ceramic compounds and, thus, can be used as a reinforcement. This study aims to determine the physical and mechanical properties of an AA6061–sea sand composite. Sea sand was subjected to electroless coating to increase its wettability before the stir-casting process. The as-prepared composite was manufactured by the stir-casting method upon the addition of 2–6 wt% sea sand. Composite characterisation was carried out through Brinell hardness and tensile tests. The results showed that the electroless-coated composites possessed lower porosity and, therefore, higher hardness and ultimate tensile strength than the non-electroless-coated composites.

The purpose of this study was to determine the tensile strength, bending, density, and elastic modulus of composite materials from microcrystalline cellulose - unsaturated polyester with various treatments. Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) was dried in an oven at 600°C for 120 minutes. MCC was added as much as 1% wt, 2% wt, and 5% wt on unsaturated Polyester (UPRs) as matrix and rotated at 350 rpm for 30 minutes. The second variation of MCC was added to a matrix of 1% wt with a speed of 0, 150 rpm, 250 rpm and 350 rpm for 30 minutes. The third variation with the same composition is rotated at a speed of 350 rpm and changes in the time 0, 10, 20, 30 minutes. The fourth variation of the same composition is played at a speed of 350 rpm for 30 minutes with a change in the rotation temperature of 24 °C, 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C. The MCC-UPRs mixture was put in an oven for 30 minutes and cooled for 10 hours at room temperature to reduce bubbles. Add Methyl ethyl ketone (MEKPO) as much as 1% wt as a catalyst and pour on the mold with the hand lay up method, cool it for 18 hours to be used as a specimen. The test results show that the addition of microcrystalline cellulose to unsaturated polyester can increase tensile strength, bending, and elastic modulus. Giving rounds will cause MCC to be dispersed evenly on Unsaturated Polyester. The density also increases with the addition of filler concentrations.

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