Physical condition is a crucial factor in enhancing athlete performance. Athletes with good physical condition have a greater chance of reaching peak performance. This research aims to analyze the dominant physical condition factors of petanque athletes in Central Java. The research utilized tests and measurements on a sample of 58 athletes and employed confirmatory analysis techniques. The results indicate that seven factors influence petanque skills. Body height has a correlation value of 1.352 with a significance value of 0.000. Arm length has a correlation value of -0.641 with a significance value of 0.015. Palm length has a correlation value of -0.573 with a significance value of 0.002. Arm muscle strength has a correlation value of 0.041 with a significance value of 0.000. Hand-eye coordination has a correlation value of 3.017 with a significance value of 0.000. Grip strength has a correlation value of -0.233 with a significance value of 0.008. Static balance has a correlation value of 0.359 with a significance value of 0.000. However, two factors do not significantly influence the playing skills of petanque athletes in Central Java: trunk flexibility, which has a correlation value of -0.15 with a significance value of 0.159, and endurance, with a correlation value of 0.085 and a significance value of 0.359. In conclusion, the main physical condition factors in petanque include body height, arm length, palm length, arm muscle strength, hand-eye coordination, grip strength, and static balance. The novelty of this research lies in its potential use by coaches as a reference for providing appropriate training to improve the physical condition of petanque athletes. This study is limited to petanque athletes in Central Java. Keywords: athletes, petanque, physical condition.

The study purpose was to improve the cognitive abilities, fighting power and sportivity on the Physical Education Students Study Program at Nusantara PGRI University Kediri. Materials and methods. This study used the Research and Development method. A small-scale field trial was carried out in the sports building of the Nusantara University campus, PGRI Kediri, which implemented volleyball courses. Practical large-scale trials were carried out at STKIP Trenggalek which implemented volleyball courses, Kahuripan University which implemented volleyball courses, and STKIP Pacitan which implemented volleyball courses. The instruments used to collect data were observation, interviews, and assessment of the effectiveness of the test results as regards increasing cognitive abilities, fighting power and sportsmanship; for the validity of the cognitive abilities assessment instrument, validity was 0.865 and reliability was 0.836, for the fighting power assessment instrument, validity was 0.836 and reliability was 0.700, for the sportivity assessment instrument, validity was 0.897 and reliability was 0.824. The data analysis technique used was quantitative descriptive analysis and normality test analysis, and t-test. Results. Based on the obtained results, the pretest and posttest values have a significant difference with the significance value for all variables being 0.000 < 0.05. For the cognitive ability variable, it was 0.000 < 0.05, for the fighting power variable, it was 0.000 < 0.05, and for the sportivity variable, it was 0.000 < 0.05. Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that the development of TENDA IOT174 volleyball learning improves cognitive ability, fighting power and sportivity in college students.

The study purpose was to demonstrate the effect of moderate-intensity exercise on reducing cortisol levels in overweight adolescent women. Materials and methods. This study is an actual trial study with a pre-test randomized control group design involving 20 overweight adolescent women aged 19–22 as research subjects who were randomly divided into two groups, namely CNG (n = 10, control group) and EXG (n = 10, moderate-intensity exercise group). The moderate-intensity exercise intervention was performed for 40 minutes on a treadmill. Cortisol levels were measured using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Data analysis technique used t-test of independent samples and correlation test using Pearson's correlation coefficient with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results. Cortisol levels were obtained as a result of the best means between CNG and EXG (222.57 ± 56.04 vs 225.56 ± 63.96 ng/mL, (p ≥ 0.05)), post-test cortisol levels between CNG and EXG (238, 27 ± 77.94 vs 118.13 ± 12.90 ng/mL, (p ≤ 0.001)) and cortisol Δ between CNG vs EXG (15.71 ± 13.14 vs -107.43 ± 21, 13 ng/mL, (p ≤ 0.001)). Cortisol levels also showed a positive relationship with markers of overweight (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions. Based on the study results, it was concluded that the cortisol response decreased after moderate-intensity exercise and found a positive relationship between cortisol levels and markers of overweight. These results could be used as a long-term approach to modifying an active lifestyle to reduce stress levels.

The study purpose was to compare high impact aerobic dance exercise versus Zumba to increase Maximum Oxygen Volume (VO₂max) in adolescent women. Materials and methods. This research is quasi-experimental with a two-group pretest-posttest design research design. A total of 30 adolescent women from the Student Activity Unit (UKM) aerobic gymnastics at Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri, aged 18-24 years, body mass index (BMI) 18.5-24.9 kg/m², normal blood pressure participated in the study. Respondents were randomly divided into two groups, namely ZADE (n = 15, Zumba aerobic dance exercise) and HADE (n = 15, High impact aerobic dance exercise). HADE and ZADE were conducted for 30 minutes/session, with an intensity of ≥ 85% HRmax, as often as 3 times/week, and both types of training were performed for 8 weeks. Measurements of VO₂max, oxygen saturation (SpO₂), and heart rate at rest (HRrest) were pre-test and 1×24 hours post-test after 8 weeks of training intervention. Statistical analysis used Paired Sample T-Test with a significance level of 5%. Results. Paired Sample T-Test results showed significant differences in average VO₂max, SpO₂, HRrest between pretest vs. posttest in both groups (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions. Based on the study results, we have concluded that both HADE and ZADE increase VO₂max, SpO₂, and decrease HRrest. But HADE is more effective in increasing VO₂max, SpO₂, and lowering HRrest than ZADE in adolescent women.

Tracking an athlete’s training program is crucial for objectively monitoring training activities, physical development, skill acquisition, and program adjustments. This research aims to develop an Android-based application for monitoring sports training programs tailored for tennis players. The study employs both quantitative and qualitative research methods, analyzed using Aiken’s V formula. Participants included 5 licensed tennis trainers, 5 strength and conditioning experts, and 3 technology specialists. The results show V coefficient values ranging from 0.90 to 1.00, with a mean value of 0.97, indicating high validity according to tennis coaching experts. Evaluation of the physical condition of tennis players yielded V coefficient values between 0.90 and 1.00, with a mean of 0.96, reflecting high validity of all items. Furthermore, expert assessments in technology and informatics produced V coefficient values from 0.83 to 1.00, with a mean of 0.93, indicating high validity of all items. Therefore, this research confirms that all test items have a high level of content validity. With this high validity, the application can be effectively used by coaches to manage the training programs and daily activities of tennis players.

The physical education learning process due to the covid-19 pandemic which resulted in students doing distance learning, limiting physical activity, and having to be physical distanced, became a challenge for students to be able to complete academic achievements in physical education. The purpose of the study of impact covid-19 on basic motor skills, physical activity, fitness, and academic achievement in Physical Education in 9-10-years-old School Children. Materials and methods this study were a correlation study, the object of as many as 80 elementary school students in the Lamongan district aged 9-10 years, who had a body mass index of 19-25 kg/m, normal blood pressure, and normal heart rate voluntarily became a study sample. Data collection for basic motor skills used TGMD-2, Physical activity used PAQ-C, and Fitness used the Indonesian Academic Achievement in Physical Education, Fitness Test used student report cards taken after one semester. The analysis sample used correlation with a significant rate of 0.05%. The result correlation showed that BMS and F were significantly correlated to AA but not correlated to PA (p < 0.000) whereas BMS was significantly correlated to PA and F using (p < 0.000). Conclusions of the study show that the impact of covid-19 affects learning achievement in Physical Education in 9-10-years-old School Children, variables that affect learning outcomes Physical Education are basic motor skills and fitness, while variables of physical activity and fitness directly affect the basic motor skills of students, then the learning outcomes of physical education in school programs are indirectly influenced by physical activity. Future research should conduct an investigation into the variables that are consistently associated with academic success in physical education among young children. This will provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic.