Multimorbidity is highly prevalent in older adults and can lead to hospitalisation. We investigate the prevalence, associated factors, and multimorbidity pattern associated to hospitalisation, readmission, and length of stay in the population aged 50 years and older. We analysed baseline data (2015–2016) from the ELSI-Brazil cohort, a representative sample of non-institutionalised Brazilians aged ≥ 50 years. In total, 8807 individuals aged ≥ 50 years were included. Poisson regression with robust variance adjusted for confounders was used to verify the associations with hospitalisation. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the associations with readmission and length of stay. Network analysis was conducted using 19 morbidities and the outcome variables. In 8807 participants, the prevalence of hospitalisation was 10.0% (95% CI 9.1, 11), mean readmissions was 1.55 ± 1.191, and mean length of stay was 6.43 ± 10.46 days. Hospitalisation was positively associated with male gender, not living with a partner, not having ingested alcoholic beverages in the last month, and multimorbidity. For hospital readmission, only multimorbidity ≥ 3 chronic conditions showed a statistically significant association. Regarding the length of stay, the risk was positive for males and negative for living in rural areas. Five disease groups connected to hospitalisation, readmission and length of stay were identified. To conclude, sociodemographic variables, such as gender, age group, and living in urban areas, and multimorbidity increased the risk of hospitalisation, mean number of readmissions, and mean length of stay. Through network analysis, we identified the groups of diseases that increased the risk of hospitalisation, readmissions, and length of stay.

Background: Although the association between multimorbidity (MM) and hospitalisation is known, the different effects of MM patterns by age and sex in this outcome needs to be elucidated. Our study aimed to analyse the association of hospitalisations’ variables (occurrence, readmission, length of stay) and patterns of multimorbidity (MM) according to sex and age. Methods: Data from 8.807 participants aged ≥ 50 years sourced from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSI-Brazil) were analysed. Multimorbidity was defined as ≥ 2 (MM2) and ≥ 3 (MM3) chronic conditions. Poisson regression was used to verify the association between the independent variables and hospitalisation according to sex and age group. Multiple linear regression models were constructed for the outcomes of readmission and length of stay. Ising models were used to estimate the networks of diseases and MM patterns. Results: Regarding the risk of hospitalisation among those with MM2, we observed a positive association with male sex, age ≥ 75 years and women aged ≥ 75 years. For MM3, there was a positive association with hospitalisation among males. For the outcomes hospital readmission and length of stay, we observed a positive association with male sex and women aged ≥ 75 years. Network analysis identified two groups that are more strongly associated with occurrence of hospitalisation: the cardiovascular–cancer–glaucoma–cataract group stratified by sex and the neurodegenerative diseases–renal failure–haemorrhagic stroke group stratified by age group. Conclusion: We conclude that the association between hospitalisation, readmission, length of stay, and MM changes when sex and age group are considered. Differences were identified in the MM patterns associated with hospitalisation according to sex and age group.

For a long time, competitive sport has focused only on aspects related to performance. However, studies in social psychology have indicated the importance of focusing on the human development of athletes, which can occur through training environments that promote psychological well-being. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the impact of the coach-athlete attachment style, mediated by the coach’s leadership style, on the mental toughness of athletes in the world beach volleyball context. Elite beach volleyball athletes (n = 65), participants of the World Tour 2018, were part of the study. The Coach-Athlete Attachment Scale (CAAS), Mental Toughness Index (MTI) and Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS) were used as instruments. For data analyses we used polychoric correlation and a bias-corrected factor score path analysis. Path analysis showed that perceived secure attachment was positively associated with athletes’ mental toughness (0.24; 0.31; 0.25), but leadership styles did not mediate this relationship. For athletes with anxious attachment profiles, the perception of autocratic leadership style was associated with athletes’ mental toughness (1.01; p = 0.03), when their interaction style is focused on coaching-instruction. It concludes that the secure attachment relationship can bring increases in levels of athletic mental toughness, whereas for athletes with insecure attachment, the autocratic style was shown to be associated with the highest levels of mental toughness.

Background: There is a lack of tools to screen for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in acute injury patients, despite the critical need for having a good understanding of the characteristics of mental health during the rehabilitation process. The SF-8 instrument, a shorter version of the SF-36, is the most widely used patient-based assessment of HRQoL. The aim of this research is to adapt the psychometric properties of the SF-8 to Swahili. Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of previously collected and psychometric evaluation of the culturally adapted and translated SF-8. A cross-cultural adaptation committee carried out the process of translation to provide validity evidence based on test content. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the internal structure-based evidence. The validity based on relation to other variables (discriminant evidence) was tested using polychoric correlation with PHQ-2 (Patient Health Questionnaire-2). The reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha, Omega McDonald, and Composite Reliability. Results: 1434 adults who suffered an acute injury and presented to the emergency department between April 2018 and August 2020 were included in the study. The instrument demonstrated language clarity and domain coherence, showing validity evidence based on test content. The CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) analysis showed good fit indices for both models (one- and two-factor models) of the SF-8. The discriminant evidence showed that SF-8 scores correlate strongly with the PHQ-2 instrument. These results supported the validity evidence in relation to other variables. All analyses of reliability were considered adequate with values above 0.90 for both models of the SF-8. Conclusions: The results show that the SF-8 instrument can provide relevant information about the health-related quality of life of acute injury patients, and allow practitioners to gain a better understanding of mental health, improving the treatment and follow-up of injury patients within Tanzanian culture.

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar indicadores de performance e o perfil de estados de humor em atletas masculinos de voleibol de praia juvenil. A amostra foi composta por 50 atletas, com faixa etária entre 15 a 17 anos, participantes dos Jogos Escolares da Juventude (JEJ). Foram filmados 16 jogos durante a fase classificatória JEJ, que foram agrupados posteriormente em vencedores e perdedores. Melhores escores com diferença significativa (p<0,01) foram verificados em todos os fundamentos (saque, recepção, levantamento, ataque, bloqueio e defesa) para as equipes dos jogos vencedores. Para os estados de humor, diferenças significativas foram encontradas na perturbação total do humor e fadiga, identificando-se menores valores para as equipes vencedoras. A partir da análise de jogo, conclui-se que todos os fundamentos do voleibol de praia foram importantes indicadores de performance de atletas masculinos juvenis da modalidade. Dessa forma, não evidenciou-se discrepância em algum fundamento específico, mas o equilíbrio de um melhor desempenho apontou a diferença entre as equipes vencedoras e perdedoras nos primeiros jogos do torneio. Além disso, percebeu-se que os estados de humor que prejudicam o desempenho foram observados em menores níveis nas equipes vencedoras.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o estado nutricional e o nível socioecónomico de escolares com provável desordem coordenativa desenvolvimental (DCD), risco de DCD e desenvolvimento típico (DT). Participaram 581 crianças com idades entre 7 e 10 anos de escolas públicas de um município do noroeste do Paraná. Para avaliação do desempenho motor utilizou-se a Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC); medidas antropométricas de peso e altura para avaliar o estado nutricional e o Questionário ABEP para a classificação socioeconómica. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov, teste Qui-quadrado e estatística descritiva, adotando p < .05. Os resultados demonstraram que 78.1% dos escolares apresentaram DT, 10.5% apresentaram risco de DCD e 11.4% provável DCD. Ocorreu associação significativa entre provável DCD e a classe econômica “C” (p = .01). O estado nutricional não esteve associado ao desempenho motor e ao nível socioeconómico dos escolares. Conclui-se que ocorreu alta prevalência de provável DCD e risco de DCD. Quanto ao estado nutricional, para esta amostra não ocorreu associação com o DCD. No entanto, para o nível socioeconómico foi encontrada associação com o provável DCD, ocorrendo maior proporção desses escolares nos níveis sociais mais baixos.