The aim of this study was to determine the effect of parity on reproductive performance by sows of different breeds. The sows were raised on three farms, and had seven or more litters of not fewer than seven piglets. A total of 1511 litters from various parities of Lithuanian White (N =721), Large White (N = 162) and Landrace (N = 628) sows were contained in the data that were used in this study. Multiparous sows had larger litters than primiparous sows. Piglet survival rate declined from parity 7. An increase in litter size was observed until parity 5 in Large White and until parity 6 in improved Lithuanian White (P <0.05). In comparison with parity 1, Landrace sows up to parity 5 showed not only increased prolificacy, but also increased number and litter weight of piglets at 21 days old, and the number and litter weight of weaned piglets (P <0.01). The current findings indicate that sows of these breeds can be used effectively in breeding herds until parity 5 and parity 6.Keywords: Landrace, Large White, Lithuanian White, litter size

The aim of this study was to determine the dependence of the total phenolic, flavonoid, and extractive content in extracts of Origanum vulgare L. on the soil pH, humus, total nitrogen (N_total), and plant-available/mobile phosphorus (P₂O₅), as well as potassium (K₂O), total calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na) concentrations. Experimental fields were formed in four locations in Lithuania. Soil and perennial O. vulgare samples were taken at three sites of each experimental field. A total of 12 samples of soil and 12 samples of the tested plant were collected and analyzed. The concentrations of bioactive compounds in plants are significantly (p < 0.05–0.01) affected by some chemical properties of the soil: the total phenolic content was reliably correlated with the soil pH, N_total, Ca, Mg, and P₂O₅; the flavonoid content was correlated with the soil P₂O₅, K₂O, Mg, and Na; and the extractive content was correlated with the soil humus, N_total, and Na. The obtained results are useful for the development of the commercial cultivation of O. vulgare.

Fitoncidais vadinami lakūs junginiai, kuriuos išskiria kvepiantys augalai. Todėl vaistiniai augalai, skleidžiantys stiprų aromatą, dar yra vadinami fitoncidiniais augalais. Manoma, kad tokių augalų skleidžiamas aromatas gali atbaidyti skraidančius ir ropojančius daržo augalų kenkėjus bei turėti įtakos jų populiacijų reguliavimui, o tuo pačiu – gerinti produkcijos kokybę daržininkystės ūkiuose. Naudojant cheminius preparatus, ilgainiui kenkėjai adaptuojasi prie jų, dalis tokių medžiagų lieka augaluose. Be to, cheminių pesticidų naudojimas tiesiogiai susijęs ir su biologinės įvairovės mažėjimu. Lietuvoje dėl įvairių nuomonių skeptiškai žiūrėta į fitoncidinių augalų praktinį taikymą daržo augalų kenkėjų kontrolei. Ypač tai aktualu būtų ekologiniams, biodinaminiams ir kitiems ūkiams, suinteresuotiems gaminti sveikesnę produkciją. Todėl šio tyrimo tikslas – vertinti labiau paplitusių daugiamečių žolinių vaistinių augalų, turinčių fitoncidinių savybių, galimybes panaudoti ir daržovių apsaugai nuo kenkėjų. Straipsnyje pateikiami rezultatai apie vaistinės balzamitos, paprastojo raudonėlio, pipirmėtės ir paprastojo čiobrelio panaudojimo efektyvumą svogūnų, morkų ir kopūstų apsaugai nuo kenkėjiškų vabzdžių.

The phenology of plants varies greatly over broad geographic gradients, according to climate zone and vegetation type. Phenological records were collected from 2007 to 2024 at KUBG, which is one of the 89 gardens belonging to the International Phenological Gardens (IPG No. 151). The garden is located in Western Lithuania, close to the Baltic Sea coastline (about 3.5 km) (55°42′40″N 21°7′50″E). For the analysis, only 5 species were chosen. The average annual air temperature in Klaipėda is 7.9 °C. The coldest period is January-February, where the average air temperature is -1.0 °C. The warmest period occurs in July-August (aver. 18.2 °C). The autumn temperature of the last season had the most influence: the strong correlation was with leaf unfolding of all trees, as well as strong or moderate correlation with the beginning and full flowering of Salix viminalis and Syringa ×chinensis. Only the precipitation of last autumn and precipitation of January-February had a statistically significant influence on spring phenophases. Salix viminalis had the longest vegetation period (224 days) while the Sambucus nigra had the shortest one − 187 days. Precipitation during January-February had a strong or moderate positive correlation with the leaf unfolding of all examined trees, as well as a moderate positive effect for beginning and full flowering of Syringa chinensis . The summer and autumn temperature had a negative relation for both vegetation periods. The strongest correlation appeared between summer temperature and vegetation period of Corylus avellana and Sambucus nigra . These findings highlight the importance of long-term phenological monitoring as a sensitive indicator of climatic variability and as a tool for ecosystem management and climate adaptation strategies.

The phenology of plants varies greatly over broad geographic gradients, according to climate zone and vegetation type. Phenological records were collected from 2007 to 2024 at Klaipėda University Botanic Garden (KUBG), which is one of the 89 gardens belonging to the International Phenological Gardens (IPG No. 151). The garden is located in Western Lithuania, close to the Baltic Sea coastline (about 3.5 km) (55°42′40″N 21°7′50″E). For the analysis were chosen 5 species only. The average annual air temperature in Klaipėda is 7.9°C. The coldest period is in January-February, where the average air temperature is -1.0°C. The warmest period occurs in July-August (aver. 18.2°C). The most influence had autumn temperature of the last season: the strong correlation were with leaf unfolding of all trees, as well strong or moderate correlation were with beginning and full flowering of S. viminalis and S. ×chinensis. Only precipitation of last autumn and precipitation of January-February had the statistically significant influence on spring phenological plant parameters. The longest vegetation period had S. viminalis (224 days) while the S. nigra had the shortest one − 187 days. Precipitation during the January-February had strong or moderate positive correlation with the leaf unfolding of all examined trees, as well as had moderate positive effect for beginning and full flowering of S. chinensis . The summer and autumn temperature had the negative relation for the both vegetation periods. The strongest correlation appeared between summer temperature and vegetation period of C. avellana and S. nigra .