Few studies have been conducted on group B Streptococcus (GBS) in Vietnam. We determined the GBS colonization and antimicrobial resistance vaginal-rectal profile of 3863 Vietnamese pregnant women over 5 years. Maternal GBS colonization was characterized by antibiotic susceptibility. Overall, the GBS colonization rate was 8.02% (95% CI: 7.20–8.94%). Compared to sampling ≥ 35 weeks of gestation, the GBS colonization rate was statistically higher (p = 0.004) with sampling < 35 weeks. Among 272 antimicrobial susceptibility testing isolates, all were susceptible to ampicillin, penicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, vancomycin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Resistance was highest for tetracycline (89.66%), followed by erythromycin (76.23%) and clindamycin (58.21%). Multidrug resistance and resistance to ≥ 6 different antibiotics were 60.66% and 8.82%, respectively. Resistance to clindamycin but not erythromycin (L phenotype) was 2.2%. The clindamycin resistance rate was significantly increased (p = 0.005) during the study period. These data demonstrate a low rate of maternal GBS colonization. The high rate of erythromycin, clindamycin, and multidrug resistance to GBS that can be transmitted to neonates is an important risk factor to consider. β-lactams continue to be appropriate for first-line treatment and prophylaxis in the study area. Ongoing monitoring should be considered in the future.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) resistance to commonly prescribed drugs is increasing in Vietnam. During pregnancy, ESBL-E may predispose women to reproductive tract infections and increases the risk for neonatal morbidity. Vaginal colonization and infections by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are seldom studied in Vietnam. In this study, we investigated ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in the birth canal of pregnant women. Between 2016 and 2020, vaginal swabs were collected from 3104 pregnant women (mean gestational age of 31 weeks) and inoculated onto MacConkey agar plates. Colonies were subjected to direct identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the VITEK^®-2 automated compact system and disk diffusion. ESBL production was determined phenotypically. E. coli, Klebsiella species were identified in 30% (918/3104) of the vaginal swabs, with E. coli being the most common (73%; 667/918). ESBL-production was detected in 47% (432/918) of Enterobacterales, with frequent multidrug-resistant phenotype. The overall prevalence of carbapenem resistance was low (8%). Over 20% of Klebsiella spp. were carbapenem-resistant. Pregnant women had a high prevalence of colonization and may transmit ESBL-E to neonates at birth, an important risk factor to be considered. The high rate of ESBL-producers and carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales in Vietnam emphasizes the need for consequent surveillance and access to molecular typing.

Background Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Maternal GBS colonization rates vary depending on geographic area, ethnic and social conditions worldwide. Many studies suggested the continuous surveillance of GBS to provide data to guide decision-making and planning prevention and control strategies. Here, we report the rate and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of GBS from Vietnamese pregnant women over 5 year period. Methods We worked with 3863 Vietnamese pregnant women at < 37 weeks of gestation at the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi, Vietnam from Jan 2016 to Dec 2020. The data were recorded and retrieved from the computerized laboratory database. GBS was identified according to the American Society for Microbiology’s guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the VITEK 2 system or E-test strips. The results were calculated according to the MIC breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results The positivity for GBS was 8.02% (310/3863) and the highest resistance rate was to tetracycline 89.66% (234/261), followed by 76.23% (202/265) for erythromycin, 58.21% (156/268) for clindamycin. The multidrug-resistance rate was 59.19% (161/272), and 8.46% (23/272) of isolates were resistant to 6 to 7 of the 12 antibiotics. Resistance to clindamycin in the absence of erythromycin resistance was found in 6/272 (2.2%) samples. The resistance rate to clindamycin was significantly increased (p < 0.01) over the time study period. Nevertheless, all isolates were sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and vancomycin. Conclusion Our results indicate that penicillin and ampicillin are currently the drugs of choice for the prevention and treatment of GBS-related diseases for Vietnamese pregnant women. However, antibiotic resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was high. Thus, it reinforces the need for continuous surveillance of GBS to provide data to guide planning prevention and control strategies.

Introduction: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the leading causes of infections in cancer patients. Antibiotic-resistant E. coli is a major cause of treatment failure in infected cancer patients. This study aims to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli in cancer patients from January 2022 to December 2022 at National Cancer Hospital. Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective review of the culture results of various clinical samples. Results: A total of 283 samples were analyzed to identify E. coli and its antimicrobial profiles. The prevalence of E. coli was 15.9%. The highest isolation rate was obtained from blood samples (35.56%). The highest rate of E. coli resistance was found in ampicillin (95.56%), followed by sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (77.76%) and ceftazidime (64.44%). The highest rate of E. coli sensitivity was found in fosfomycin (97.78%), followed by ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, and amikacin (95.56% each), and nitrofurantoin (93.33%). About 55.56% and 80.0% were ESBL-positive and multidrug-resistant, respectively. Conclusion: E. coli isolates showed high rates of resistance to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim, and ceftazidime. Fosfomycin, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, and nitrofurantoin are considered appropriate for the empirical treatment of E. coli. Regular monitoring of E. coli resistant to antibiotics is recommended.

S. haemolyticus is frequently colonizing the hospital environment and resistance to multiple antibiotics. The antimicrobial-resistant data of S. haemolyticus from Vietnamese cancer patients are limited. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of 41 S. haemolyticus isolated from Vietnamese cancer patients over a period of 4 years. The rate of methicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant was 48.8% (20/41) and 95.1% (39/41), respectively. The most frequent sample was blood (65.9%, 27/41), and the second most frequent was sputum (12.2%, 5/41). All isolates were susceptible to quinupristin-dalfopristin, linezolid, tigecycline, and nitrofurantoin, and about 97% of isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. Approximately 96.88% of isolates were resistant to Benzylpenicillin and oxacillin, 93.75% were resistant to erythromycin, and 90.63% were resistant to Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin. The high level of methicillin and multidrug-resistant and reduced susceptibility to many antibiotics are causes of concern since they further narrow down the therapeutic options. Quinupristin-dalfopristin, linezolid, tigecycline, nitrofurantoin, and vancomycin are effective against S. haemolyticus infection in Vietnamese cancer patients at Vietnam National Cancer Hospital/Tan Trieu Base. Further studies are needed to surveillance bacterial resistance to guide antimicrobial therapy, reduce antimicrobial resistance rates, and improve the Vietnamese cancer patient’s care.

Introduction: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the leading causes of infections in cancer patients. Antibiotic-resistant E. coli is a major cause of treatment failure in infected cancer patients. This study aims to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli in cancer patients from January 2022 to December 2022 at National Cancer Hospital. Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective review of the culture results of various clinical samples. Results: A total of 283 samples were analyzed to identify E. coli and its antimicrobial profiles. The prevalence of E. coli was 15.9%. The highest isolation rate was obtained from blood samples (35.56%). The highest rate of E. coli resistance was found in ampicillin (95.56%), followed by sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (77.76%) and ceftazidime (64.44%). The highest rate of E. coli sensitivity was found in fosfomycin (97.78%), followed by ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, and amikacin (95.56% each), and nitrofurantoin (93.33%). About 55.56% and 80.0% were ESBL-positive and multidrug-resistant, respectively. Conclusion: E. coli isolates showed high rates of resistance to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and ceftazidime. Fosfomycin, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, and nitrofurantoin are considered appropriate for the empirical treatment of E. coli. Regular monitoring of E. coli resistant to antibiotics is recommended.