The aim of this study was to assess levels of adiponectin (ACRP-30) and leptin in serum and synovial fluid (SF) of overweight females with primary gonarthrosis (GOA) and to look for their correlations with clinical status and the level of biochemical OA biomarkers: matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1). The studied group consisted of 39 overweight females undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty as a result of GOA. The stage of GOA was evaluated according to Knee Society Score (KSS), Ahlbäck and Kellgren–Lawrence (K-L) scores. Peripheral blood and SF were obtained. Levels of selected biomarkers were assessed using ELISA kits. The mean level of ACRP-30 in serum valued were 8393.80 ng/mL and in SF, 774.33 ng/mL, the mean concentration of leptin in serum was 32,040.74 pg/mL and in SF, 27,332.12 pg/mL. Levels of leptin in serum and SF correlated with body mass index (BMI), (p = 0.0005, and p = 0.0002, respectively). Levels of ACRP-30 in serum was correlated with clinical scores (Ahlbäck: p = 0.0214; K-L: p = 0.0146). ACRP-30 in SF correlated with ACRP-30 in serum (p = 0.0003), tended to negatively correlate with MMP-1 in serum (p = 0.0598) and positively correlate with pro-MMP-1 in SF (p = 0.0600). To conclude, this study confirms the correlations between concentrations of both, leptin and ACRP-30, comparing serum and SF. In overweight females, leptin levels increase with BMI and ACRP-30 serum level increase in more advanced GOA stages. Finally, leptin levels were correlated with TIMP-1 serum concentration, one of the biochemical markers of GOA.

Osteoarthritis (OA) ranks among the most prevalent inflammatory diseases affecting the musculoskeletal system and is a leading cause of disability globally, impacting approximately 250 million individuals. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the severity of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and body composition in postmenopausal women using bioimpedance analysis (BIA). The study included 58 postmenopausal females who were candidates for total knee arthroplasty. The control group consisted of 25 postmenopausal individuals with no degenerative knee joint changes. The anthropometric analysis encompassed the body mass index (BMI), mid-arm and mid-thigh circumferences (MAC and MTC), and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF). Functional performance was evaluated using the 30 s sit-to-stand test. During the BIA test, electrical parameters such as membrane potential, electrical resistance, capacitive reactance, impedance, and phase angle were measured. Additionally, body composition parameters, including Total Body Water (TBW), Extracellular Water (ECW), Intracellular Water (ICW), Body Cellular Mass (BCM), Extracellular Mass (ECM), Fat-Free Mass (FFM), and Fat Mass (FM), were examined. The study did not find any statistically significant differences in the electrical parameters between the control (0–1 grade on the K–L scale) and study groups (3–4 grade on the K–L scale). However, statistically significant differences were observed in BMI, fat mass (FM), arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, and sit-to-stand test results between the analyzed groups. In conclusion, the association between overweight and obesity with KOA in postmenopausal women appears to be primarily related to the level of adipose tissue and its metabolic activity.