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The promotion of walking for transportation is a promising strategy to address not only the traffic bottlenecks or environmental pollution but also to provide health benefits to the patrons. Nevertheless, as enhancing active modes of transportation, including trips to and from shops-is easier in small or medium cities, it is quite a complex task in big urban areas. In the framework of the R + D + i DESPACIO project, in 2018, a street and online survey was carried out in the city of Madrid to gather information about different mobility habits, focusing on pedestrian mobility and on the respondents’ perceptions of issues related to mobility on foot. In order to promote more trips on foot, this study analyzed the factors influencing the walking route choice, other than distance. Some respondents also drew on a map the routes undertaken the previous day, indicating the trip purpose. Using the TransCAD software, the real factors that influenced the respondents when walking were obtained. The key factors for selecting the walking routes were those linked to attractiveness (e.g., green areas, amenities, tourist attractions, etc.) and accessibility (e.g., obstacles, pavement width). The purpose of the trip did not change much the results, although they were accentuated when the trips were made for shopping. The applied methodology confirms that pedestrian streets, with green areas or access facility —and, hence, less noisy and polluted — were those enhancing a walking habit, and they were also the ones preferred by the citizens, who appreciated those attributes above the more classic ones of distance and time. Therefore, the street design and the pedestrian routes were found to be the most suitable to achieve healthier cities and citizens.
M. Eugenia López-Lambas; J. Manuel Sánchez; Andrea Alonso. The walking health: A route choice model to analyze the street factors enhancing active mobility. Journal of Transport & Health 2021, 22, 101133 .
AMA StyleM. Eugenia López-Lambas, J. Manuel Sánchez, Andrea Alonso. The walking health: A route choice model to analyze the street factors enhancing active mobility. Journal of Transport & Health. 2021; 22 ():101133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Eugenia López-Lambas; J. Manuel Sánchez; Andrea Alonso. 2021. "The walking health: A route choice model to analyze the street factors enhancing active mobility." Journal of Transport & Health 22, no. : 101133.
Mobility in metropolitan rings is often more car-dependent than in urban cores. Buses are emerging as an efficient option to promote sustainable mobility in metropolitan corridors, although they are perceived as being less reliable than rail or the car. The adoption of real-time information (RTI) tools for passengers can mitigate this issue. This paper aims (i) to explore the potential bus demand in metropolitan corridors, and (ii) to understand how bus passengers use RTI public transport mobile applications. Both aims are oriented to attract more passengers toward public transport. A two-step methodological framework has been established to perform this analysis in the Madrid Region. Data from the 2014 Household Mobility Survey reveal that metropolitan bus potential is three times the current bus ridership, and almost double in transport corridors linked to motorways than in transversal and other metropolitan trips. An ad-hoc survey of bus travelers was conducted in one corridor to capture the use of RTI mobile apps. The results show that multimodal commuters tend to consult several apps, since none of the main apps integrates all the multimodal RTI for their trips. Non-regular bus passengers are more likely to consult a general-purpose app such as Google Maps, while frequent bus commuters prefer to use the official public transport authority app. Improving the multimodal information passengers receive through transit apps could ease their trips and help materialize some of the potential bus demand in metropolitan areas.
Carlos Romero; Andrés Monzón; Andrea Alonso; Raky Julio. Potential demand for bus commuting trips in metropolitan corridors through the use of real-time information tools. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 2021, 1 -12.
AMA StyleCarlos Romero, Andrés Monzón, Andrea Alonso, Raky Julio. Potential demand for bus commuting trips in metropolitan corridors through the use of real-time information tools. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. 2021; ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Romero; Andrés Monzón; Andrea Alonso; Raky Julio. 2021. "Potential demand for bus commuting trips in metropolitan corridors through the use of real-time information tools." International Journal of Sustainable Transportation , no. : 1-12.
The development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) holds a high potential for improving security, reducing congestion, increasing fuel efficiency, and saving time. Various studies conducted on the implementation of AVs predict that fully autonomous vehicles will be available for the public in the 2020s. However, it will take another three decades, at least, for these vehicles and technologies to be accepted among the general masses and become reliable and affordable for use. Nonetheless, while a great deal has been stated regarding autonomous cars, little attention has been paid to autonomous public transport, more specifically, autonomous buses (ABs). The present report analyzed the psychological barriers preventing the complete implementation of ABs through data collected from focus group (FG) discussions. The main objective of the FGs was to determine the factors influencing perceptions regarding ABs and their acceptability. The most important factors from the positive side were the reduction of personnel costs, the potential to decrease congestion, waiting time at intersections, and reduced emissions. On the other hand, the most important negative factors were an increase in vehicle and infrastructure costs, safety risks under certain conditions (e.g., system failures, terrorist attacks, etc.), and the possible reduction of employment opportunities.
M. Eugenia López-Lambas; Andrea Alonso. The Driverless Bus: An Analysis of Public Perceptions and Acceptability. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4986 .
AMA StyleM. Eugenia López-Lambas, Andrea Alonso. The Driverless Bus: An Analysis of Public Perceptions and Acceptability. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (18):4986.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Eugenia López-Lambas; Andrea Alonso. 2019. "The Driverless Bus: An Analysis of Public Perceptions and Acceptability." Sustainability 11, no. 18: 4986.
María Henar Salas-Olmedo; Yang Wang; Andrea Alonso Ramos. Assessing accessibility with local coefficients for the LUTI model MARS. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 2017, 64, 194 -203.
AMA StyleMaría Henar Salas-Olmedo, Yang Wang, Andrea Alonso Ramos. Assessing accessibility with local coefficients for the LUTI model MARS. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. 2017; 64 ():194-203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Henar Salas-Olmedo; Yang Wang; Andrea Alonso Ramos. 2017. "Assessing accessibility with local coefficients for the LUTI model MARS." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 64, no. : 194-203.
Alonso Ramos, Andrea (2017). Assessing sustainability in cities. Role of integrated transport strategies. Thesis (Doctoral), E.T.S.I. Caminos, Canales y Puertos (UPM). https://doi.org/10.20868/UPM.thesis.46664. Urban mobility is a key element for achieving sustainable development in cities, as car dependence and inefficient transport systems are among the most important barriers to achieve this objective. This thesis is focused on European cities, which are considered among the most sustainable cities in the world, but which are currently exposed to some generalized problems and threats: demographic decline, social exclusion, environmental degradation, economic decline and urban sprawl. However, cities are also places were opportunities for agglomeration economies and social mix emerge. Both urban threats and opportunities define the city challenges: that is to become more liveable environments and efficient urban systems. Going back to the relevance of mobility and urban form for sustainability, these challenges could be partially addressed through transport management and land use strategies. All this background makes up the city cycle. The general objective of this thesis was to understand the key drivers of a sustainable urban mobility, and then to define long term strategies for achieving sustainable and efficient cities through land use and transport policies. For this objective, three types of analyses were developed in five research studies, following the logic of the city cycle. Firstly, a cross-site analysis was applied to compare the performance of different cities in the context of sustainability targets. This analysis was carried out in the first study, where the sustainability of urban transport systems was measured through composite indicators. The methodology was applied to 23 European cities and served to identify the factors that explain a sustainable mobility. Secondly, a trend analysis was applied in three studies. In the second and third studies of the thesis, the main threats for sustainability in four European cities were identified through indicators to measure the evolution of their current and potential problems. The fourth study dealt with the problems in six Spanish cities caused by the economic crisis. This economic decline, in a context of urban sprawl, had a negative impact on the efficiency of their public transport systems. Finally, in the fifth study ends the city cycle with an analysis measuring the contribution of three land use and transport policies –cordon toll, teleworking and re-densification− to meet the city challenges in the case of Madrid. The LUTI model MARS was used in this last analysis to consider the future impacts of the three policies in the long term. The results highlight that in the context of European cities, there are four key factors that explain sustainable mobility patterns: bigger, wealthier and denser cities, with a higher public transport patronage resulted more sustainable cities. The analyses also showed that there is a wide diversity of situations among European cities regarding the existing threats. This is somehow not properly reflected in the literature, which refers mainly to the common problems. These differences grew during the economic crisis, which especially affected Spanish cities. Apart from economic decline, they were also affected by urban sprawl, and both threats caused inefficiencies in their public transport systems. The study carried out for measuring these inefficiencies, demonstrated that transport management policies are not enough to meet the city challenges. Land use strategies are also needed to face the urban threats, especially in adverse economic scenarios. The last analysis bears out these needs in the case of Madrid Region: the results showed that the only policy that really contributes at saving energy and reducing emissions in the long term is redensification. Lastly, apart from these findings, the thesis constitutes a relevant contribution in the development of a number of tools based in indicators and LUTI models which can be applied as valid management tools to analyse other cities. La movilidad urbana es un elemento clave para lograr un desarrollo sostenible en las ciudades, ya que el uso excesivo del coche y las ineficiencias generadas por el transporte son importantes barreras para lograr este objetivo. Esta tesis está centrada en las ciudades europeas, que aunque están consideradas entre las más sostenibles del mundo, están expuestas a ciertos problemas y amenazas: declive demográfico, exclusión social, contaminación, recesión económica y dispersión urbana. Sin embargo, las ciudades son también lugares donde surgen oportunidades ligadas a las economías de escala y la diversidad social. Las amenazas, junto a las oportunidades dan lugar a los retos urbanos: hacer de las ciudades lugares vivibles y eficientes. Volviendo a la relevancia de los sistemas de transporte urbanos, estos retos se podrían abarcar parcialmente a través de estrategias de planificación urbana y gestión del transporte. Toda esta teoría conforma el ciclo urbano. El objetivo general de esta tesis es comprender los factores clave de una movilidad urbana sostenible, y definir estrategias a largo plazo para lograr ciudades eficientes y sostenibles a través de medidas de gestión de usos del suelo y el transporte. Para lograr este objetivo, se han realizado tres tipos de análisis en cinco estudios de investigación, siguiendo la lógica del ciclo urbano. El primer tipo de análisis es transversal, y se ha llevado a cabo para comparar la sostenibilidad de distintas ciudades. Este tipo de análisis se ha aplicado en el primer estudio, donde la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de transporte se ha medido a través de indicadores compuestos. La...
Andrea Alonso Ramos. Assessing sustainability in cities. Role of integrated transport strategies. Assessing sustainability in cities. Role of integrated transport strategies 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleAndrea Alonso Ramos. Assessing sustainability in cities. Role of integrated transport strategies. Assessing sustainability in cities. Role of integrated transport strategies. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Alonso Ramos. 2017. "Assessing sustainability in cities. Role of integrated transport strategies." Assessing sustainability in cities. Role of integrated transport strategies , no. : 1.
Urban areas play a key role in the development of European territories, and it is essential for them to be sustainable and efficient. However, the European cities are facing some challenges related to certain trends that are threatening their sustainable development and operational efficiency. In this paper, we compare the contribution of three policy measures—cordon toll accompanied by public transport improvements, teleworking and re-densification—to address different city challenges. The policy assessment requires a long term simulation tool, i.e., the MARS (Metropolitan Activity Relocation Simulator) model, which is able to consider interactions between land use and transport systems. The simulations of the different policy scenarios were carried out for the case of Madrid in the period 2012–2031. The contribution of the policy measures to address the city challenges was measured through different indicators. The results indicated that the three policy measures contributed to the time efficiency challenge, by saving time for the commute, reducing congestion and improving the traffic flows at peak hours. The most effective policy in this regard is the teleworking measure. Another challenge addressed by the three policies was the accessibility to PT. The three policy scenarios, when simulated, showed higher PT use, especially the cordon toll scenario. However, the only policy that really contributed to the energy, emissions and pollution city challenges was the re-densification measure, which reduced travel distances and encouraged a mobility that relies more on PT and slow modes.
Andrea Alonso; Andrés Monzón; Yang Wang. Modelling Land Use and Transport Policies to Measure Their Contribution to Urban Challenges: The Case of Madrid. Sustainability 2017, 9, 378 .
AMA StyleAndrea Alonso, Andrés Monzón, Yang Wang. Modelling Land Use and Transport Policies to Measure Their Contribution to Urban Challenges: The Case of Madrid. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (3):378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Alonso; Andrés Monzón; Yang Wang. 2017. "Modelling Land Use and Transport Policies to Measure Their Contribution to Urban Challenges: The Case of Madrid." Sustainability 9, no. 3: 378.
Sustainable urban mobility requires accessible and demand attractive public transport (PT) networks. However, urban sprawl has been the main characterizing growth pattern of European cities since 1950. In these increasingly dispersed cities, PT is facing increasing problems of efficiency to compete with cars. The sprawling cities are dominated by car use, especially in the peripheral areas. Moreover, Europe is still reeling under the financial crisis, which first hit the continent in 2007. In this context of economic crisis, the lack of financing resources and the declining demand for PT have further weakened the PT systems in European cities. This study considered the urban PT systems of six Spanish cities in order to determine their evolution over the last ten years. This evolution is examined in the backdrop of urban sprawl and economic crisis. The analysis is based on several indicators meant to measure PT demand, supply, and efficiency. The study shows how did each city react to the lack of resources and trip reduction during the economic crisis, by adopting different PT management strategies. The differences in reaction produced different results, but none of the cities could avoid the loss of PT efficiency. The results indicate that policy strategies need to include land use and transport measures to achieve more sustainable PT systems. Only integrated strategies could improve PT efficiency and quality levels and contribute toward increasing competitiveness of PT, even in adverse contexts.
Andrea Alonso; Andrés Monzón; Rocio Cascajo. Measuring Negative Synergies of Urban Sprawl and Economic Crisis over Public Transport Efficiency. International Regional Science Review 2017, 41, 540 -576.
AMA StyleAndrea Alonso, Andrés Monzón, Rocio Cascajo. Measuring Negative Synergies of Urban Sprawl and Economic Crisis over Public Transport Efficiency. International Regional Science Review. 2017; 41 (5):540-576.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Alonso; Andrés Monzón; Rocio Cascajo. 2017. "Measuring Negative Synergies of Urban Sprawl and Economic Crisis over Public Transport Efficiency." International Regional Science Review 41, no. 5: 540-576.
Sustainability must be an urban issue. Cities should be managed so as to minimize their impacts on environment, but providing an appropriate framework for economic and social development. However, European cities are facing some trends that threaten sustainable development. The aim of the EC research project INSIGHT-7FP (2013/16) is to develop appropriate management tools that can help to achieve sustainability in the context of European cities. In the project, a set of policy objectives have been designed for the management of urban areas, in order to face the main threats existing over cities. The paper presents a methodology based on indicators for analysing the progress towards these ten policy objectives in the four EU cities participating in the project: London (12.3 mill. inhab.), Madrid (6.4 mill. inhab.), Barcelona (5.4 mill. inhab.) and Rotterdam (1.4 mill. inhab.). All the indicators used in the analysis have been validated by ten policy makers of European cities. These policy makers participated on the stakeholders consultation carried out in the project, where the importance of the policy objectives proposed was also assessed. The paper concludes determining the policy priority objectives in each city, in order to contain the main threats existing over them: London should especially address the threats of social exclusion and transport inefficiency; Madrid the threats of economic decline and urban sprawl; Barcelona the economic decline and Rotterdam the contribution to climate change and the urban sprawl. Finally, the role played by the land use and transport system in these policy objectives is analysed. To this end, the assessment allows for the comparability of the results in a horizontal manner, in the basis of common indicators. Nearly half of these indicators are related to the land use and transport system of the cities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4091
Andrea Alonso Ramos. Policy priority objectives: comparative assessment in four European cities. Libro de Actas CIT2016. XII Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte 2016, 1 -14.
AMA StyleAndrea Alonso Ramos. Policy priority objectives: comparative assessment in four European cities. Libro de Actas CIT2016. XII Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. 2016; ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Alonso Ramos. 2016. "Policy priority objectives: comparative assessment in four European cities." Libro de Actas CIT2016. XII Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte , no. : 1-14.
Sustainable development in its three dimensions – economic, social and environmental – has become a major concern on an international scale. The problem is global, but must be solved locally. Most of the world’s population lives in cities that act as centres of economic growth and productivity, but which – if they develop in the wrong direction – can cause social inequalities, or irreversibly harm the environment. Urban transport causes a number of negative impacts that can affect sustainability targets. The objective of this study is to propose an analysis of sustainability of urban passenger transport systems based on available indicators in most cities. This will serve to benchmark the practices of different cities and manage their transport systems. This work involves the creation of composite indicators (CI) to measure the sustainability of urban passenger transport systems. The methodology is applied to 23 European cities. The indicators are based on a benchmarking approach, and the evaluation of each aspect in each case therefore depends on the performance of the whole sample. The CI enabled us to identify which characteristics have the greatest influence on the sustainability of a city’s transport system, and to establish transport policies that could potentially improve its shortcomings. Finally, the cities are clustered according to the values obtained from the CIs, and thus according to the weaknesses and strengths of their transport systems
Andrea Alonso; Andrés Monzón; Rocio Cascajo. Comparative analysis of passenger transport sustainability in European cities. Ecological Indicators 2015, 48, 578 -592.
AMA StyleAndrea Alonso, Andrés Monzón, Rocio Cascajo. Comparative analysis of passenger transport sustainability in European cities. Ecological Indicators. 2015; 48 ():578-592.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Alonso; Andrés Monzón; Rocio Cascajo. 2015. "Comparative analysis of passenger transport sustainability in European cities." Ecological Indicators 48, no. : 578-592.