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This paper presents water the footprint assessment (WFA) of carbon in pulp (CIP) gold processing. The main objectives of the study are determining grey and blue water footprints and identifying the hotspots of the process. Results revealed that the total blue water footprint, including the extraction and processing of the gold, was found to be 452.40 m3/kg Au, and the grey WF to be 2300.69 m3/kg Au. According to the results, the lost return flow on the direct blue WF side has the largest contribution, with a value of 260.61 m3/kg Au, and the only source of the lost return flow is the tailing pond. On the indirect side, it is seen that the oxygen consumption used for the leaching process has the highest value, with 37.38 m3/kg. Among the nine contaminants in the mine tailings, the critical component responsible for the grey water footprint is by far arsenic, with a value of 1777 m3/kg Au. The results will be used to make recommendations for reducing water consumption in mining operations, for a better design for the environment. The study is a pioneering study, being the first implementation of water footprint assessment in a gold mine in Turkey.
Emre Güney; Nuray Demirel. Water Footprint Assessment of Carbon in Pulp Gold Processing in Turkey. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8497 .
AMA StyleEmre Güney, Nuray Demirel. Water Footprint Assessment of Carbon in Pulp Gold Processing in Turkey. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8497.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmre Güney; Nuray Demirel. 2021. "Water Footprint Assessment of Carbon in Pulp Gold Processing in Turkey." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8497.
Selection of appropriate machine and equipment is one of the most critical tasks required in surface mining. Since draglines are massive and expensive machines, their selection is of paramount concern to mining engineers and decision makers. The selection of appropriate dragline model requires simultaneous consideration of various parameters, such as geological properties of overburden material, stripping method, available fund, and technology. Therefore, this is a complex and time-consuming process. In this study, the dragline selection process was reviewed and a computer-aided selection program, Draglayout, was developed to increase the efficiency in the selection process. The developed software suggests list of the commercially available dragline units based on its maximum suspended load and reach factor which are compatible to achieve the given stripping and production targets. The selection process consists of four main stages as: initial estimations of dragline operation parameters (availability, dragline utilization, dragline operating hours, cycle time, ore production, ore recovery, etc.), defining initial mine design geometry, available equipment geometry, and mine design relations, reviewing the above steps and selecting the dragline.
S. Akhundov; N. Demirel. Development of a Computer-Aided Dragline Selection Program. Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection - MPES 2018 2019, 235 -244.
AMA StyleS. Akhundov, N. Demirel. Development of a Computer-Aided Dragline Selection Program. Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection - MPES 2018. 2019; ():235-244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Akhundov; N. Demirel. 2019. "Development of a Computer-Aided Dragline Selection Program." Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection - MPES 2018 , no. : 235-244.
Amir Taghizadeh Vahed; Behzad Ghodrati; Nuray Demirel; Morteza Hosseini Yazdi. Predictive Maintenance of Mining Machinery Using Machine Learning Approaches. Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL) 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleAmir Taghizadeh Vahed, Behzad Ghodrati, Nuray Demirel, Morteza Hosseini Yazdi. Predictive Maintenance of Mining Machinery Using Machine Learning Approaches. Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL). 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Taghizadeh Vahed; Behzad Ghodrati; Nuray Demirel; Morteza Hosseini Yazdi. 2019. "Predictive Maintenance of Mining Machinery Using Machine Learning Approaches." Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL) , no. : 1.
Sustainable development requires extraction and utilization of energy resources on a viable basis for the welfare of human beings and global growth. An increased focus on sustainable development and global warming imposes policy-makers and decision-makers to prioritize environmental responsibility while maximizing economic benefits to the industry. Therefore, evaluating environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with energy resources is essential. Turkey, as a signatory of Kyoto protocol, needs to take actions especially in the energy sector to battle emissions. In order to achieve large-scale emission reduction, the current status needs to be placed under closer scrutiny and once the largest emission generating sectors are identified, necessary changes should be involved in accordance with accepted international standards that consider global warming, eco-balance, and sustainability. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of coal production and utilization impacts on carbon dioxide emission in Europe and in Turkey using geographic information systems (GIS).
N. Demirel. Comparative Evaluation of CO2 Emissions in Europe and Turkey Using GIS. Proceedings of the 18th Symposium on Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production 2018, 3 -13.
AMA StyleN. Demirel. Comparative Evaluation of CO2 Emissions in Europe and Turkey Using GIS. Proceedings of the 18th Symposium on Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production. 2018; ():3-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN. Demirel. 2018. "Comparative Evaluation of CO2 Emissions in Europe and Turkey Using GIS." Proceedings of the 18th Symposium on Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production , no. : 3-13.
The transition to the use of the new equipment requires a revision of previously established dependencies, which constitute the methodological basis for optimization to ensure the highly efficientoperation of technological equipment of the excavator-and-dump truckcomplex that performs all technological processes of overburden. The imperfection of the existing methods of optimization is due to the use, as a rule, of empirical formulas for the obsolete equipment installed to calculatethe performance, so replacing or partially adjusting these dependencies, including methods and tools for determining process parameters, is anurgent task. Therefore, it is important to establish the parameters of each ofthe conjugate technological processes for the development of hard rock and half-rock overburden, which together provide the optimal results of the entire excavator-and-dump truck complex. The article considers the use of excavator-and-dump truck complex optimization as a criterion for the average weighted size of pieces of exploded rock mass, which allows determining the optimal parameters of each of the associated technological processes, their costs, as well as the total costs of the technology as a whole.
Nuray Demirel; Amir Taghizadeh; Samer Khouri; Ekaterina Tyuleneva. Optimization of the Excavator-and-Dump Truck Complex at Open Pit Mines – the Case Study. E3S Web of Conferences 2018, 41, 01006 .
AMA StyleNuray Demirel, Amir Taghizadeh, Samer Khouri, Ekaterina Tyuleneva. Optimization of the Excavator-and-Dump Truck Complex at Open Pit Mines – the Case Study. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 41 ():01006.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuray Demirel; Amir Taghizadeh; Samer Khouri; Ekaterina Tyuleneva. 2018. "Optimization of the Excavator-and-Dump Truck Complex at Open Pit Mines – the Case Study." E3S Web of Conferences 41, no. : 01006.
Energy efficiency in mine ventilation, which is responsible for a substantial amount of total energy consumption, is of paramount concern in underground mining. Achieving energy-efficient mine ventilation practices is not only important for reducing total operating and energy costs but is also potentially the most effective means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental and occupational health and safety. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the literature on energy-efficient mine ventilation practices and approaches to provide the current knowledge and research frontiers on energy efficiency in mine ventilation. Successful case studies, which resulted in efficiency increases, are also included to illustrate already existing energy efficiency alternatives and energy-saving opportunities. This review is expected to provide mining professionals a tool for improving current operations and achieving best practices.
Nuray Demirel. Energy-Efficient Mine Ventilation Practices. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2017, 287 -299.
AMA StyleNuray Demirel. Energy-Efficient Mine Ventilation Practices. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. 2017; ():287-299.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuray Demirel. 2017. "Energy-Efficient Mine Ventilation Practices." Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions , no. : 287-299.
Deniz Tuncay; Nuray Demirel. HATA AĞACI ANALİZİ İLE ÇEKME KEPÇELİ YERKAZARIN GÜVENİLİRLİK ANALİZİ. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi 2017, 56, 55 -64.
AMA StyleDeniz Tuncay, Nuray Demirel. HATA AĞACI ANALİZİ İLE ÇEKME KEPÇELİ YERKAZARIN GÜVENİLİRLİK ANALİZİ. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi. 2017; 56 (2):55-64.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeniz Tuncay; Nuray Demirel. 2017. "HATA AĞACI ANALİZİ İLE ÇEKME KEPÇELİ YERKAZARIN GÜVENİLİRLİK ANALİZİ." Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi 56, no. 2: 55-64.
Overburden stripping in open cast coal mines is extensively carried out by walking draglines. Draglines’ unavailability and unexpected failures result in delayed productions and increased maintenance and operating costs. Therefore, achieving high availability of draglines plays a crucial role for increasing economic feasibility of mining projects. Applications of methodologies which can forecast the failure type of dragline based on the available failure data not only help to reduce the maintenance and operating costs but also increase the availability and the production rate. In this study, Machine Learning approaches have been applied for data which has been gathered from an operating coal mine in Turkey. The study methodology consists of three algorithms as: i) implementation of K-Nearest Neighbors, ii) implementation of Multi-Layer Perceptron, and iii) implementation of Radial Basis Function. The algorithms have been utilized for predicting the draglines’ failure types. In this sense, the input data, which are mean time-to-failure, and the output data, failure types, have been fed to the algorithms. The regression analysis of methodologies have been compared and showed the K- Nearest Neighbors has a higher rate of regression which is around 70 percent. Thus, the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm can be applied in order to preventive components replacement which causes to minimized preventive and corrective cost parameters. The accurate prediction of failure type, indeed, causes to optimized number of inspections. The novelty of this study is application of machine learning approaches in draglines’ reliability subject for first time.
Amir Taghizadeh; Nuray Demirel. Application of Machine Learning for Dragline Failure Prediction. E3S Web of Conferences 2017, 15, 3002 .
AMA StyleAmir Taghizadeh, Nuray Demirel. Application of Machine Learning for Dragline Failure Prediction. E3S Web of Conferences. 2017; 15 ():3002.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Taghizadeh; Nuray Demirel. 2017. "Application of Machine Learning for Dragline Failure Prediction." E3S Web of Conferences 15, no. : 3002.
Reliability-based maintenance policies allow qualitative and quantitative evaluation of system downtimes via revealing main causes of breakdowns and discussing required preventive activities against failures. Application of preventive maintenance is especially important for mining machineries since production is highly affected from machinery breakdowns. Overburden stripping operations are one of the integral parts in surface coal mine productions. Draglines are extensively utilized in overburden stripping operations and they achieve earthmoving activities with bucket capacities up to 168 m3. The massive structure and operational severity of these machines increase the importance of performance awareness for individual working components. Research on draglines is rarely observed in the literature and maintenance studies for these earthmovers have been generally ignored. On this basis, this paper offered a comprehensive reliability assessment for two draglines currently operating in the Tunçbilek coal mine and discussed preventive replacement for wear-out components of the draglines considering cost factors.
Nuray Demirel; Onur Gölbaşı. Preventive Replacement Decisions for Dragline Components Using Reliability Analysis. Minerals 2016, 6, 51 .
AMA StyleNuray Demirel, Onur Gölbaşı. Preventive Replacement Decisions for Dragline Components Using Reliability Analysis. Minerals. 2016; 6 (2):51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuray Demirel; Onur Gölbaşı. 2016. "Preventive Replacement Decisions for Dragline Components Using Reliability Analysis." Minerals 6, no. 2: 51.
Current maintenance policies for draglines do not cover enough preventive measures. Preventive maintenance for these systems is generally implemented via inspections and corrective activities unfortunately keep their priorities in dragline maintenance. Moreover, optimalities of both inspection intervals and their implementation durations are generally underestimated and they are determined via rough estimations. However, sustainability of a dragline operation and health of system components can be improved through maintenance optimization studies including preventive activities. This type of studies requires development of representative and comparable models to measure the effectiveness of optimization. In this sense, this paper presents the simulation of current maintenance policy of the draglines in Tunçbilek coal mine in Turkey, as a preliminary stage of the maintenance optimization study. The established policy aims to reveal 1-year halt profiles of the draglines via combining deterministic halts in operations and random lifetime characteristics of the system components.
Onur Gölbaşı; Nuray Demirel. Simulation of an Active Maintenance Policy: A Preliminary Study in Dragline Maintenance Optimization. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020) 2015, 669 -679.
AMA StyleOnur Gölbaşı, Nuray Demirel. Simulation of an Active Maintenance Policy: A Preliminary Study in Dragline Maintenance Optimization. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020). 2015; ():669-679.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnur Gölbaşı; Nuray Demirel. 2015. "Simulation of an Active Maintenance Policy: A Preliminary Study in Dragline Maintenance Optimization." Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020) , no. : 669-679.
Identifying and quantifying the components failures and their occurrence frequencies in the system offer a statistically notable data for the assessment of machine behavior as a whole. Increase in the complexity of system boosts the severity of the time-dependent availability since many components may lead to breakdown of the system in short to long term. Draglines are massive and complex systems which embody different combinations of motor and generators, structural elements and numerous components enabling to perform the earthmoving operation. In this sense, evaluating the time-varying functional importance and priority of the working parts, optimal strategies and time periods may be generated for the machine maintainability. This paper presents statistical evaluations to acquire optimal maintenance intervals for two draglines operated in Tunçbilek mine site owned by Turkish Coal Enterprise, associated with the reliability and availability issues.
Onur Gölbaşi; Nuray Demirel. Determination of Optimal Time Intervals for the Dragline Maintenance Using Probabilistic Approaches. Mine Planning and Equipment Selection 2014, 1195 -1203.
AMA StyleOnur Gölbaşi, Nuray Demirel. Determination of Optimal Time Intervals for the Dragline Maintenance Using Probabilistic Approaches. Mine Planning and Equipment Selection. 2014; ():1195-1203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnur Gölbaşi; Nuray Demirel. 2014. "Determination of Optimal Time Intervals for the Dragline Maintenance Using Probabilistic Approaches." Mine Planning and Equipment Selection , no. : 1195-1203.
Surface mining activities, exploitation of ore, and stripping and dumping of the overburden cause changes in the land cover and land use of a mine area. The area of land disturbance can be very large in the case of surface coal mining, due to the nature of the coal extraction process. Sustainable mining requires continuous monitoring of changes in land cover and land use induced by the mining activities. This is essentially important for identifying the long-term impacts of mining on theenvironment and on land cover in order to provide necessary mine closure andreclamation measures. In this sense, digital image classification provides apowerful tool for obtaining rigorous data, and reduces the cost of field measurements in time and money, particularly when dealing with large areas. Various remote sense data records and image classification techniques serve different features for numerous purposes. The selection of a suitable data and image classification method is significant for ensuring the effective use of information extracted from the satellite images, e.g. land-use classes. This paper proposes a methodology for identifying land-use change in surface coal mines using multi-temporal high-resolution satellite images. The methodology has been implemented for identifying, quantifying and analysing the spatial response of landscape to surface mining activities in the Goynuk, Bolu surface mine in Turkey, from 2004 to 2008. The methodology essentially entails (i) acquiring data, (ii) preprocessing the data, (iii)image classification using the maximum likelihood classification algorithm (iv) accuracy assessment and (v) change detection analysis depending on class-based approaches. The results show that the methodology can be utilised effectively in monitoring land-use change in surface coal mining areas. It also provides essential input for planning mine reclamation and closure activities.
Nuray Demirel; Şebnem Düzgün; Mustafa Kemal Emil. Landuse change detection in a surface coal mine area using multi-temporal high-resolution satellite images. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 2011, 25, 342 -349.
AMA StyleNuray Demirel, Şebnem Düzgün, Mustafa Kemal Emil. Landuse change detection in a surface coal mine area using multi-temporal high-resolution satellite images. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment. 2011; 25 (4):342-349.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuray Demirel; Şebnem Düzgün; Mustafa Kemal Emil. 2011. "Landuse change detection in a surface coal mine area using multi-temporal high-resolution satellite images." International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 25, no. 4: 342-349.
This paper investigates impacts of rock mass properties on dragline performance. Performances of two draglines operated in different rock formations in Tuncbilek Coal mines were analyzed using modified geological strengths index (GSI). Results showed that draglines’ performance change with the rock mass properties. Based on the available data, an empirical relationship was generated to estimate dragline production capacity. The estimated excavation amount by the proposed model was found to be consistent with the excavation amount obtained from the field data.
Nadir Demirel. Effects of the rock mass parameters on the dragline excavation performance. Journal of Mining Science 2011, 47, 441 -449.
AMA StyleNadir Demirel. Effects of the rock mass parameters on the dragline excavation performance. Journal of Mining Science. 2011; 47 (4):441-449.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNadir Demirel. 2011. "Effects of the rock mass parameters on the dragline excavation performance." Journal of Mining Science 47, no. 4: 441-449.
Surface mining activities, exploitation of ore and stripping and dumping overburden, cause changes on the land cover and land use of the mine area. Sustainable mining requires continuous monitoring of these changes to identify the long-term impacts of mining on environment and land cover to provide essential safety measures. In this sense, digital image classification provides a powerful tool to obtain a rigorous data and hence diminishes the essence of time-consuming and costly field measurements. There are various image classification techniques, serving different features for different purposes, and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification method based on statistical machine learning theory stands out to be an effective and accurate image classification technique among them. This research study investigates the use of SVM classification methods for identifying, quantifying, and analyzing the spatial response of landscape due to surface mining activities in Goynuk open cast mine, Turkey, from year 2004 to 2008. The research algorithm essentially entails (i) acquiring data, (ii) pre-processing the data, (iii) performing image classification, (iv) accuracy assessment and change detection, and (v) analysis of results. The results showed that SVM classification method can effectively be utilized for high spatial resolution multispectral satellite images for identifying the changes in surface coal mine area.
Nuray Demirel; M. Kemal Emil; H. Sebnem Duzgun. Surface coal mine area monitoring using multi-temporal high-resolution satellite imagery. International Journal of Coal Geology 2011, 86, 3 -11.
AMA StyleNuray Demirel, M. Kemal Emil, H. Sebnem Duzgun. Surface coal mine area monitoring using multi-temporal high-resolution satellite imagery. International Journal of Coal Geology. 2011; 86 (1):3-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuray Demirel; M. Kemal Emil; H. Sebnem Duzgun. 2011. "Surface coal mine area monitoring using multi-temporal high-resolution satellite imagery." International Journal of Coal Geology 86, no. 1: 3-11.
Overburden excavation is an integral component of the surface mine production chain. In large mines, the walking dragline is a dominant strip mining machine. Production engineers and operators must be guided by appropriate strategies to preserve the structural and operating performance of this equipment to justify its high capital investment. The dragline performance mainly depends on the spatial kinematics and dynamics of its front-end assembly. In this study, the authors developed the dynamic modelling of a dragline front-end assembly incorporating 2-D kinematics and bucket-formation interaction using numerical methods and dynamic simulation environment. Detailed analysis of the simulation results show that the maximum closure error from the model validation function is 4×10 E−8. The angular accelerations of the drag and hoist ropes are close to zero. The respective maximum drag, cutting and hoist forces are 100 kN, 200 kN and 75 kN. The results indicate machine health and longevity within the simulated conditions.
Nuray Demirel; Samuel Frimpong. Dragline dynamic modelling for efficient excavation. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 2009, 23, 4 -20.
AMA StyleNuray Demirel, Samuel Frimpong. Dragline dynamic modelling for efficient excavation. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment. 2009; 23 (1):4-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuray Demirel; Samuel Frimpong. 2009. "Dragline dynamic modelling for efficient excavation." International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 23, no. 1: 4-20.