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Dr. Hongye Zhang
University of Edinburgh

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0 high temperature superconductor
0 High Power Electromagnetics
0 Finite element (FE) simulations
0 electromagnetic field analyses using numerical techniques
0 superconducting machine

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high temperature superconductor

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Review
Published: 16 April 2021 in Energies
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Superconductor technology has recently attracted increasing attention in power-generation- and electrical-propulsion-related domains, as it provides a solution to the limited power density seen by the core component, electrical machines. Superconducting machines, characterized by both high power density and high efficiency, can effectively reduce the size and mass compared to conventional machine designs. This opens the way to large-scale purely electrical applications, e.g., all-electrical aircrafts. The alternating current (AC) loss of superconductors caused by time-varying transport currents or magnetic fields (or both) has impaired the efficiency and reliability of superconducting machines, bringing severe challenges to the cryogenic systems, too. Although much research has been conducted in terms of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of AC loss and its reduction methods, AC loss remains a crucial problem for the design of highly efficient superconducting machines, especially for those operating at high speeds for future aviation. Given that a critical review on the research advancement regarding the AC loss of superconductors has not been reported during the last dozen years, especially combined with electrical machines, this paper aims to clarify its research status and provide a useful reference for researchers working on superconducting machines. The adopted superconducting materials, analytical formulae, modelling methods, measurement approaches, as well as reduction techniques for AC loss of low-temperature superconductors (LTSs) and high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) in both low- and high-frequency fields have been systematically analyzed and summarized. Based on the authors’ previous research on the AC loss characteristics of HTS coated conductors (CCs), stacks, and coils at high frequencies, the challenges for the existing AC loss quantification methods have been elucidated, and multiple suggestions with respect to the AC loss reduction in superconducting machines have been put forward. This article systematically reviews the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods of AC loss as well as its reduction techniques in superconductors applied to electrical machines for the first time. It is believed to help deepen the understanding of AC loss and deliver a helpful guideline for the future development of superconducting machines and applied superconductivity.

ACS Style

Hongye Zhang; Zezhao Wen; Francesco Grilli; Konstantinos Gyftakis; Markus Mueller. Alternating Current Loss of Superconductors Applied to Superconducting Electrical Machines. Energies 2021, 14, 2234 .

AMA Style

Hongye Zhang, Zezhao Wen, Francesco Grilli, Konstantinos Gyftakis, Markus Mueller. Alternating Current Loss of Superconductors Applied to Superconducting Electrical Machines. Energies. 2021; 14 (8):2234.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongye Zhang; Zezhao Wen; Francesco Grilli; Konstantinos Gyftakis; Markus Mueller. 2021. "Alternating Current Loss of Superconductors Applied to Superconducting Electrical Machines." Energies 14, no. 8: 2234.

Journal article
Published: 22 February 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
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Maglev technologies have been extensively studied for modern transport systems; however, their main applications are limited to transportation systems with fixed tracks. On-road vehicles could have a broader outlook if combined with maglev technologies, for which electrodynamic wheels (EDWs) have provided a possible solution. Conventional EDWs are designed based on permanent magnets (PMs), which generate limited thrust and lift forces while having a low power density. In order to enhance the feasibility of EDWs in maglev vehicles, a novel design of EDWs based on high-temperature superconducting (HTS) Halbach array magnets (HAMs) has been proposed in this paper. The suggested design is made of the second generation (2G) superconducting coils, which have been modeled with the A -formulation and T -formulation based finite element methods. Simulation results show that the proposed HTS HAM EDW can generate higher thrust and lift forces, improve the magnetic flux density distribution in the airgap, and greatly reduce the weight of the magnets compared with the conventional design. This paper provides a possibility for future on-road maglev vehicles.

ACS Style

Hongye Zhang; Kevin Kails; Philip Machura; Markus Mueller. Conceptual Design of Electrodynamic Wheels Based on HTS Halbach Array Magnets. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 2021, 31, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Hongye Zhang, Kevin Kails, Philip Machura, Markus Mueller. Conceptual Design of Electrodynamic Wheels Based on HTS Halbach Array Magnets. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 2021; 31 (5):1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongye Zhang; Kevin Kails; Philip Machura; Markus Mueller. 2021. "Conceptual Design of Electrodynamic Wheels Based on HTS Halbach Array Magnets." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 31, no. 5: 1-6.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 09 February 2021 in Superconductor Science and Technology
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Superconducting electric propulsion systems, characterized by high power densities and efficiencies, provide a possibility to zero carbon emission for future aviation. Stacks of high temperature superconductor (HTS) coated conductors (CCs) have become an alternative for high field magnets applied to superconducting machines, given their excellent field trapping ability and thermal stability. High-frequency ripple fields always exist in high-speed electric machines. Most research work regarding HTS trapped field stacks (TFSs) was focused on their magnetization methods and amplitude of trapped flux density; however, their performance in the high-frequency environment remains unclear. Despite several numerical models established for flat HTS TFSs, a comprehensive analysis of curved ones is still lacking, which possess geometrical applicability for cylindrical rotating shafts. Aimed at exploring the electromagnetic properties of curved HTS TFSs applied to high-speed rotating machines, a 3D numerical model considering both the multilayer structure and the Jc(B) dependence of HTS CCs has been built. Current and magnetic flux density distributions, as well as loss properties of a curved HTS TFS have been studied in detail, under perpendicular and cross fields with varying frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 20 kHz. Results have shown that, the widely adopted 2D-axisymmetric models are inapplicable to study the electromagnetic distributions of TFSs because of the emergence of the electromagnetic criss-cross defined in this paper. High-frequency ripple fields can drive induced current towards the periphery of the HTS TFS due to the skin effect, leading to a fast rise of AC loss and even an irreversible demagnetization of the stack. This paper has qualified and quantified the high- frequency electromagnetic hehaviours of curved HTS TFSs, providing a useful reference for their loss controlling and anti-demagnetization design in high-speed propulsion machines.

ACS Style

Hongye Zhang; Markus Mueller. Electromagnetic properties of curved HTS trapped field stacks under high-frequency cross fields for high-speed rotating machines. Superconductor Science and Technology 2021, 34, 045018 .

AMA Style

Hongye Zhang, Markus Mueller. Electromagnetic properties of curved HTS trapped field stacks under high-frequency cross fields for high-speed rotating machines. Superconductor Science and Technology. 2021; 34 (4):045018.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongye Zhang; Markus Mueller. 2021. "Electromagnetic properties of curved HTS trapped field stacks under high-frequency cross fields for high-speed rotating machines." Superconductor Science and Technology 34, no. 4: 045018.

Journal article
Published: 25 September 2020 in IEEE Access
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Previous studies have shown that switching operations of gas insulated substations (GIS) can generate transient radiation fields outside the enclosure, namely switching transient electric fields (STEF). The waveform features of STEF can reflect the functioning performance of the switch. To monitor online the working states of disconnecting switches (DS), in this paper, we built an experimental platform to simulate their typical faulty types. Then, under different faulty status, a non-invasive three-dimensional (3D) electric field measurement system was applied to obtain STEF produced by DS. It is difficult for conventional methods to establish an accurate fault-diagnosis model, so we presented a novel method to identify the condition of DS. This innovative approach is based on feature extraction and machine learning and combined signal analysis to classify different defect types of DS. Measured STEF signals were analyzed by the wavelet packet transform(WPT) method in the time-frequency domain, which was transformed to the multi-dimensional feature matrix. The principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm was employed to reduce the dimensionality of the obtained feature matrix, which was also compared to other feature extraction algorithms. In addition, a support vector machine (SVM) with an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm was designed to achieve a PCA-IPSO-SVM model which can be used for signal recognition. The proposed IPSO technique can improve the convergence performance of the PSO through the dynamic adjustment of inertia weight and learning factors. Results show that the proposed fault diagnosis method based on WPT and PCA-IPSO-SVM can effectively identify the insulation faulty signals in STEF.

ACS Style

Tongqiang Yi; Yanzhao Xie; Hongye Zhang; Xu Kong. Insulation Fault Diagnosis of Disconnecting Switches Based on Wavelet Packet Transform and PCA-IPSO-SVM of Electric Fields. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 176676 -176690.

AMA Style

Tongqiang Yi, Yanzhao Xie, Hongye Zhang, Xu Kong. Insulation Fault Diagnosis of Disconnecting Switches Based on Wavelet Packet Transform and PCA-IPSO-SVM of Electric Fields. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):176676-176690.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tongqiang Yi; Yanzhao Xie; Hongye Zhang; Xu Kong. 2020. "Insulation Fault Diagnosis of Disconnecting Switches Based on Wavelet Packet Transform and PCA-IPSO-SVM of Electric Fields." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 176676-176690.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2020 in Superconductor Science and Technology
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ACS Style

Hongye Zhang; Philip Machura; Kevin Kails; Hongyi Chen; Markus Mueller. Dynamic loss and magnetization loss of HTS coated conductors, stacks, and coils for high-speed synchronous machines. Superconductor Science and Technology 2020, 33, 084008 .

AMA Style

Hongye Zhang, Philip Machura, Kevin Kails, Hongyi Chen, Markus Mueller. Dynamic loss and magnetization loss of HTS coated conductors, stacks, and coils for high-speed synchronous machines. Superconductor Science and Technology. 2020; 33 (8):084008.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongye Zhang; Philip Machura; Kevin Kails; Hongyi Chen; Markus Mueller. 2020. "Dynamic loss and magnetization loss of HTS coated conductors, stacks, and coils for high-speed synchronous machines." Superconductor Science and Technology 33, no. 8: 084008.

Conference paper
Published: 20 June 2020 in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
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High-temperature superconducting (HTS) generators offer the advantages of high efficiencies and increased power densities. Most superconducting generator designs feature DC field windings to provide the required magnetomotive force. The superconducting field windings in HTS machines are subject to complex magnetic fields, which lead to dynamic losses occurring in the winding. This magnetic field environment has a large DC background component due to the self-field of the superconducting field windings. This paper investigates the dynamic loss in combination with a DC background field using a T – formulation based numerical model, where the dynamic region is used to identify the dynamic loss. Our double claw pole generator design, which offers a high power density at low superconducting tape requirements, is used as a case study for dynamic loss analysis with a DC background field. Results show that DC background field has a strong effect on the dynamic loss due to the reduced critical current. In addition it was shown that the T – formulation based numerical model in conjunction with the dynamic region requires further research to accurately predict the dynamic loss due to the changing DC current transport region.

ACS Style

K Kails; M Yao; Hongye Zhang; Philip Machura; M Mueller; Quan Li. T - formulation based numerical modelling of dynamic loss with a DC background field. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020, 1559, 012145 .

AMA Style

K Kails, M Yao, Hongye Zhang, Philip Machura, M Mueller, Quan Li. T - formulation based numerical modelling of dynamic loss with a DC background field. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2020; 1559 (1):012145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K Kails; M Yao; Hongye Zhang; Philip Machura; M Mueller; Quan Li. 2020. "T - formulation based numerical modelling of dynamic loss with a DC background field." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1559, no. 1: 012145.

Conference paper
Published: 20 June 2020 in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
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Air-cored electrical machines have attracted increasing attention in applications related to aircraft and wind power because they can eliminate core losses and decrease the total mass. However, the limited magnetic flux in air-cored machines has restricted their power level. In order to improve the power density and efficiency while further reducing the weight of air-cored electrical machines, a novel field winding topology composed of high temperature superconducting (HTS) Halbach Array magnets (HAM) has been proposed in this paper. C-GEN is an innovative multi-stage air-cored generator technology with permanent magnets, which has been demonstrated at laboratory scale. Taking a 1 MW C-GEN generator prototype as the example machine, an H -formulation founded HTSHAM model has been built in COMSOL Multiphysics with the homogenization method. Simulation results show that the proposed HTSHAM C-GEN generator can achieve a power density more than 4 times higher than the conventional design with permanent magnets (PM), with a reduced magnet weight of around half of the previous prototype. The proposed HTSHAM represents a generic approach for the design of fully air-cored superconducting synchronous machines, eliminating heavy ferromagnetic material, and thus provides a useful reference for the design of low-weight air-cored electrical machines with a high power density.

ACS Style

Hongye Zhang; Quan Li; Okechukwu Ubani; Markus Mueller. High Temperature Superconducting Halbach Array Topology for Air-cored Electrical Machines. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020, 1559, 012140 .

AMA Style

Hongye Zhang, Quan Li, Okechukwu Ubani, Markus Mueller. High Temperature Superconducting Halbach Array Topology for Air-cored Electrical Machines. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2020; 1559 (1):012140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongye Zhang; Quan Li; Okechukwu Ubani; Markus Mueller. 2020. "High Temperature Superconducting Halbach Array Topology for Air-cored Electrical Machines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1559, no. 1: 012140.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2020 in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
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Dynamic resistance is essential to evaluate the performance of high temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors (CC), especially when applied in synchronous electric machines, and HTS flux pumps. The analytical expression of dynamic resistance has been proposed and verified in many cases, and it appears that dynamic resistance, Rdyn, is in a linear correlation with transport current, It, and the amplitude of external AC magnetic field, Bext. However, some experimental data has shown that, the linearity of Rdyn(It) and Rdyn(Bext) curves only exists within a certain range. To quantitatively describe this interval, the lower demarcation current, Idl, the upper demarcation current, Idu, and the corner field, Bcor, have been defined in this paper, with explicit formulas. The proposed demarcation currents and corner field used to characterize the non-linearity of dynamic resistance have been validated by simulation and experimental measurements. This paper further adds upon the existing knowledge regarding the interaction of dynamic resistance with transport current and magnetic field, which is particularly significant for accurate loss controlling in HTS magnets, rotating machines, and flux pumps.

ACS Style

Hongye Zhang; Chuantong Hao; Ying Xin; Markus Mueller. Demarcation Currents and Corner Field for Dynamic Resistance of HTS-Coated Conductors. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 2020, 30, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Hongye Zhang, Chuantong Hao, Ying Xin, Markus Mueller. Demarcation Currents and Corner Field for Dynamic Resistance of HTS-Coated Conductors. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 2020; 30 (8):1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongye Zhang; Chuantong Hao; Ying Xin; Markus Mueller. 2020. "Demarcation Currents and Corner Field for Dynamic Resistance of HTS-Coated Conductors." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 30, no. 8: 1-5.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 14 May 2020 in Superconductor Science and Technology
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Wireless power transfer (WPT) is an emerging technology with widespread applications, such as wireless charging for electric vehicles (EVs), which has become a major point of interest. Conventionally, it is used for stationary charging, but also dynamic systems emerge. Key drawbacks of standard WPT systems are the limited transfer distance between the copper coils and the transfer efficiency. By employing high-temperature superconductors (HTS) as coil material these limitations can be alleviated. However, HTS coils have highly nonlinear ac loss characteristics, which will be studied. This paper investigates the transport current loss and the magnetisation loss of HTS coils individually and when combined in the high frequency range relevant to WPT for EVs. A multilayer 2D axisymmetric coil model based on H-formulation is proposed and validated by experimental results as the HTS film layer is inapplicable at such frequencies. Three of the most commonly employed coil configurations, namely: double pancake, solenoid and circular spiral are examined. While spiral coils experience the highest transport current loss, solenoid coils are subject to the highest magnetisation loss due to the overall distribution of the turns. Furthermore, a transition frequency is defined for each coil when losses in the copper layer exceed the HTS losses. It is much lower for coils due to the interactions between the different turns compared to single HTS tapes. At higher frequencies, the range of magnetic field densities, causing a shift where the highest losses occur, decreases until losses in the copper stabilisers always dominate. In addition, case studies investigating the suitability of HTS-WPT are proposed.

ACS Style

Philip Machura; Hongye Zhang; Kevin Kails; Quan Li. Loss characteristics of superconducting pancake, solenoid and spiral coils for wireless power transfer. Superconductor Science and Technology 2020, 33, 074008 .

AMA Style

Philip Machura, Hongye Zhang, Kevin Kails, Quan Li. Loss characteristics of superconducting pancake, solenoid and spiral coils for wireless power transfer. Superconductor Science and Technology. 2020; 33 (7):074008.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Philip Machura; Hongye Zhang; Kevin Kails; Quan Li. 2020. "Loss characteristics of superconducting pancake, solenoid and spiral coils for wireless power transfer." Superconductor Science and Technology 33, no. 7: 074008.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 16 April 2020 in Superconductor Science and Technology
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High-temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors (CCs) are widely regarded as a promising candidate to enable very high power density motors. These machines operate at high rotational speeds, with some designs going up to 12,000 rpm. HTS CCs are applied to the field windings of these motors to increase the magnetic loading and hence the power density. Even though the superconducting field windings operate with a DC current, due to the magnetic field environment, losses are present. This paper examines the dynamic and total loss characteristics of YBCO-coated conductors in the frequency range relevant to high-speed motors for electric aircraft propulsion. A multi-layer model was created using the H – formulation and the losses for each layer were highlighted. For the first time, it was shown that the DC transport current region in the HTS layer shrinks as the frequency of the applied field increases due to the increased magnetisation current around the edges of the CC, which reduces the dynamic loss per cycle as the frequency increases. To fully understand the loss distribution in the HTS CC, the total loss in the conductor was investigated. For an applied magnetic field of 100 mT and 800 Hz, more than 30 % of the total loss occurs in the copper layer due to the decreased penetration depth of the magnetic field and the skin effect. Results show that to accurately model and understand the losses in superconducting field windings, a multi-layer model should be used, since a significant proportion of loss shifts towards the copper stabilizers. Over all, it was shown that both the dynamic loss as well as magnetisation loss play a crucial role in the estimation of the loss in superconducting field windings.

ACS Style

Kevin Kails; Hongye Zhang; Markus Mueller; Quan Li. Loss characteristics of HTS coated conductors in field windings of electric aircraft propulsion motors. Superconductor Science and Technology 2020, 33, 064006 .

AMA Style

Kevin Kails, Hongye Zhang, Markus Mueller, Quan Li. Loss characteristics of HTS coated conductors in field windings of electric aircraft propulsion motors. Superconductor Science and Technology. 2020; 33 (6):064006.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kevin Kails; Hongye Zhang; Markus Mueller; Quan Li. 2020. "Loss characteristics of HTS coated conductors in field windings of electric aircraft propulsion motors." Superconductor Science and Technology 33, no. 6: 064006.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2020 in Superconductor Science and Technology
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ACS Style

Hongye Zhang; Hongyi Chen; Zhenan Jiang; Tianhui Yang; Ying Xin; Markus Mueller; Quan Li. A full-range formulation for dynamic loss of high-temperature superconductor coated conductors. Superconductor Science and Technology 2020, 33, 05LT01 .

AMA Style

Hongye Zhang, Hongyi Chen, Zhenan Jiang, Tianhui Yang, Ying Xin, Markus Mueller, Quan Li. A full-range formulation for dynamic loss of high-temperature superconductor coated conductors. Superconductor Science and Technology. 2020; 33 (5):05LT01.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongye Zhang; Hongyi Chen; Zhenan Jiang; Tianhui Yang; Ying Xin; Markus Mueller; Quan Li. 2020. "A full-range formulation for dynamic loss of high-temperature superconductor coated conductors." Superconductor Science and Technology 33, no. 5: 05LT01.

Journal article
Published: 03 March 2020 in Superconductor Science and Technology
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High-temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors (CCs) are frequently applied under complex electromagnetic fields to develop powerful, compact and efficient rotating electric machines. In such electric machines, field windings constructed by HTS CCs are adopted to increase the magnetic loading of the machines. The HTS field windings work with DC currents and due to the time-varying magnetic field environment, dynamic losses occur. In addition to the AC magnetic field, there is a large DC background field, which is caused by the self-field of the HTS field windings. This paper investigates the dynamic loss in HTS CCs using an H-formulation based numerical model for a wide range of combined DC and AC magnetic fields under various load conditions, and two different methods have been used for calculating dynamic loss. The results show that a DC background field plays a vital role to accurately predict the dynamic losses in HTS CCs. A DC background field of 75 mT can triple the dynamic loss as compared to only applying an AC magnetic field. In addition, the theoretical definition for the dynamic region for the case of solely an AC field has been found inapplicable in the case of a DC background field. Finally, a case study is done based on our double claw pole power generator to estimate the dynamic loss in an actual rotating machine, which was found to be 13.3 W. A low dynamic loss was achieved through the generator field winding design, which prevents high magnetic field fluctuations in the winding, since it is located at a distance from the air gap and armature coils. Furthermore, the rotational speed is very low and hence the resultant magnetic field frequency is low as well.

ACS Style

Kevin Kails; Hongye Zhang; Philip Machura; Markus Mueller; Quan Li. Dynamic loss of HTS field windings in rotating electric machines. Superconductor Science and Technology 2020, 33, 045014 .

AMA Style

Kevin Kails, Hongye Zhang, Philip Machura, Markus Mueller, Quan Li. Dynamic loss of HTS field windings in rotating electric machines. Superconductor Science and Technology. 2020; 33 (4):045014.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kevin Kails; Hongye Zhang; Philip Machura; Markus Mueller; Quan Li. 2020. "Dynamic loss of HTS field windings in rotating electric machines." Superconductor Science and Technology 33, no. 4: 045014.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2020 in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
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In order to monitor the state of Gas Insulated Substation (GIS), this paper established a fault simulation experimental platform for Disconnecting Switch (DS), and collected data through a 3D radiation electric field (E-field) measurement system. For extract the feature parameters, four-layer wavelet packet decomposition was performed on the data to obtain normalized energy, and the dimension of the eigenvector was reduced by principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm. Then, the model was trained with the hybrid kernel support vector machine (HSVM) algorithm, and the parameters was optimized with the particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm. The result shows that compared with the traditional SVM model, the method proposed in this paper improves the diagnosis accuracy of DS defect signals.

ACS Style

Tongqiang Yi; Yanzhao Xie; Hongye Zhang; Henan Liu. Electric Field Signal Recognition Method of DS Switching Operations Based on Wavelet Packet Analysis and PSO-HSVM. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020, 1449, 012026 .

AMA Style

Tongqiang Yi, Yanzhao Xie, Hongye Zhang, Henan Liu. Electric Field Signal Recognition Method of DS Switching Operations Based on Wavelet Packet Analysis and PSO-HSVM. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2020; 1449 (1):012026.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tongqiang Yi; Yanzhao Xie; Hongye Zhang; Henan Liu. 2020. "Electric Field Signal Recognition Method of DS Switching Operations Based on Wavelet Packet Analysis and PSO-HSVM." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1449, no. 1: 012026.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 09 December 2019 in Superconductor Science and Technology
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Electromagnetic loss is a crucial factor to evaluate the performance of high temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors (CCs). Although the loss characteristics around power frequency have been well studied, it is still unclear how loss varies towards high frequencies above kHz level, which is important to a wide range of applications such as wireless power transfer. This paper is to investigate the frequency dependence of both magnetization and transport current loss in HTS CCs and therefore, to provide comprehensive analyses through a detailed multilayer model reflecting their actual structures. In this paper, a T-formulation based multilayer numerical model for HTS CCs, considering HTS layer, substrate, silver overlayer, and copper stabilizers, has been developed. Both magnetization loss and transport current loss over a wide frequency range, from 50 Hz to 1 MHz, have been simulated and discussed. The results obtained by the existing thin film model based on T-formulation, multilayer model and homogenization model by H-formulation are also presented and compared. The proposed multilayer model has been validated by experimental measurements, which has proven the widely adopted HTS film model to be inapplicable for frequencies above 100 Hz. In addition, most magnetization losses occur in the copper stabilizers above 1.2 kHz due to skin effect. Results can be used to study the performance of HTS devices towards high frequencies.

ACS Style

Hongye Zhang; Min Yao; Kevin Kails; Philip Machura; Markus Mueller; Zhenan Jiang; Ying Xin; Quan Li. Modelling of electromagnetic loss in HTS coated conductors over a wide frequency band. Superconductor Science and Technology 2019, 33, 025004 .

AMA Style

Hongye Zhang, Min Yao, Kevin Kails, Philip Machura, Markus Mueller, Zhenan Jiang, Ying Xin, Quan Li. Modelling of electromagnetic loss in HTS coated conductors over a wide frequency band. Superconductor Science and Technology. 2019; 33 (2):025004.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongye Zhang; Min Yao; Kevin Kails; Philip Machura; Markus Mueller; Zhenan Jiang; Ying Xin; Quan Li. 2019. "Modelling of electromagnetic loss in HTS coated conductors over a wide frequency band." Superconductor Science and Technology 33, no. 2: 025004.

Journal article
Published: 23 October 2019 in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
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ACS Style

Hongye Zhang; Min Yao; Zhenan Jiang; Ying Xin; Quan Li. Dependence of Dynamic Loss on Critical Current and n-Value of HTS Coated Conductors. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 2019, 29, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Hongye Zhang, Min Yao, Zhenan Jiang, Ying Xin, Quan Li. Dependence of Dynamic Loss on Critical Current and n-Value of HTS Coated Conductors. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 2019; 29 (8):1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongye Zhang; Min Yao; Zhenan Jiang; Ying Xin; Quan Li. 2019. "Dependence of Dynamic Loss on Critical Current and n-Value of HTS Coated Conductors." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 29, no. 8: 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2019 in IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
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A non-invasive approach for high-voltage (HV) circuit breaker (CB) diagnosis, based on the time-frequency analysis of the transient electric fields (E-fields) radiated due to switching operations outside the enclosure (switching transient E-fields, STEFs), is presented in this paper. By use of a synthetic test platform, this paper measures the STEFs generated by CBs working in both normal and fault status, and analyses their primary parameters, such as amplitude, center frequency, and number of pulses, etc. The correlation between the different working status of the CBs and the time-frequency characteristics of their STEFs is established. Based on the comparison and analysis of the main features, the STEFs could reflect the operating states and serve as an indicator of the early insulation defect of the HV CBs. The proposed defect detection method has been validated experimentally, which makes the most of the high changing rate of the induced current on the CB enclosure that itself is a weak signal and hard to capture by traditionally adopted means. This method can further be a useful reference of defect or fault diagnosis for the switchgear in operation.

ACS Style

Hong-Ye Zhang; Yan-Zhao Xie; Tong-Qiang Yi; Xu Kong; Lin Cheng; Hao-Jun Liu. Fault Detection for High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Based on Time–Frequency Analysis of Switching Transient $E$ -Fields. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2019, 69, 1620 -1631.

AMA Style

Hong-Ye Zhang, Yan-Zhao Xie, Tong-Qiang Yi, Xu Kong, Lin Cheng, Hao-Jun Liu. Fault Detection for High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Based on Time–Frequency Analysis of Switching Transient $E$ -Fields. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 2019; 69 (4):1620-1631.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hong-Ye Zhang; Yan-Zhao Xie; Tong-Qiang Yi; Xu Kong; Lin Cheng; Hao-Jun Liu. 2019. "Fault Detection for High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Based on Time–Frequency Analysis of Switching Transient $E$ -Fields." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 69, no. 4: 1620-1631.

Conference paper
Published: 01 May 2018 in 2018 2nd IEEE Advanced Information Management,Communicates,Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC)
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Switching operations inside the gas-insulated substations (GIS) can stimulate transient radiated electromagnetic fields in the space, which can cause great damages to power equipment, especially for secondary device. Therefore, it's of vital importance to investigate the regularities of such switching electromagnetic fields and master their main characteristics. Above all, this paper presents the design of the measurement system of the transient radiated switching E-fields of GIS. Then, many on-site experiments were conducted, based on which the test results were analyzed separately in time domain, frequency domain, as well as joint time-frequency domain. At the end, some key parameters such as the amplitude, the rise time, the dominant oscillation frequency, and the damping factor are extracted as characteristic parameters of transient radiated switching E-fields, and their influential elements such as the switch type, the GIS voltage level and the measurement position are analyzed in detail. In general, this research work aims to grasp the main properties of radiated switching transients of GIS, which can be referential regarding the relevant domains.

ACS Style

Jin-Peng Hao; Hongye Zhang; Ning Dong; Fei Guo; Rui-Jiang Sun; Xiu-Guang Li; Xu Kong; Xu-Tao Wu. Measurement and Characteristic Analysis of Transient Radiated Switching E-Field of GIS. 2018 2nd IEEE Advanced Information Management,Communicates,Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC) 2018, 157 -162.

AMA Style

Jin-Peng Hao, Hongye Zhang, Ning Dong, Fei Guo, Rui-Jiang Sun, Xiu-Guang Li, Xu Kong, Xu-Tao Wu. Measurement and Characteristic Analysis of Transient Radiated Switching E-Field of GIS. 2018 2nd IEEE Advanced Information Management,Communicates,Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC). 2018; ():157-162.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jin-Peng Hao; Hongye Zhang; Ning Dong; Fei Guo; Rui-Jiang Sun; Xiu-Guang Li; Xu Kong; Xu-Tao Wu. 2018. "Measurement and Characteristic Analysis of Transient Radiated Switching E-Field of GIS." 2018 2nd IEEE Advanced Information Management,Communicates,Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC) , no. : 157-162.