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Ceramic tile production is an industrial process where energy efficiency management is crucial, given the high amount of energy (electrical and thermal) required by the production cycle. This study presents the preliminary results of a research project aimed at defining the benefits of using combined heat and power (CHP) systems in the ceramic sector. Data collected from ten CHP installations allowed us to outline the average characteristics of prime movers, and to quantify the contribution of CHP thermal energy supporting the dryer process. The electric size of the installed CHP units resulted in being between 3.4 MW and 4.9 MW, with an average value of 4 MW. Data revealed that when the goal is to maximize the generation of electricity for self-consumption, internal combustion engines are the preferred choice due to higher conversion efficiency. In contrast, gas turbines allowed us to minimize the consumption of natural gas input to the spray dryer. Indeed, the fraction of the dryer thermal demand (between 600–950 kcal/kgH2O), covered by CHP discharged heat, is strictly dependent on the type of prime mover installed: lower values, in the range of 30–45%, are characteristic of combustion engines, whereas the use of gas turbines can contribute up to 77% of the process’s total consumption.
Lisa Branchini; Maria Bignozzi; Benedetta Ferrari; Barbara Mazzanti; Saverio Ottaviano; Marcello Salvio; Claudia Toro; Fabrizio Martini; Andrea Canetti. Cogeneration Supporting the Energy Transition in the Italian Ceramic Tile Industry. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4006 .
AMA StyleLisa Branchini, Maria Bignozzi, Benedetta Ferrari, Barbara Mazzanti, Saverio Ottaviano, Marcello Salvio, Claudia Toro, Fabrizio Martini, Andrea Canetti. Cogeneration Supporting the Energy Transition in the Italian Ceramic Tile Industry. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):4006.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLisa Branchini; Maria Bignozzi; Benedetta Ferrari; Barbara Mazzanti; Saverio Ottaviano; Marcello Salvio; Claudia Toro; Fabrizio Martini; Andrea Canetti. 2021. "Cogeneration Supporting the Energy Transition in the Italian Ceramic Tile Industry." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 4006.
The cement industry is highly energy-intensive, consuming approximately 7% of global industrial energy consumption each year. Improving production technology is a good strategy to reduce the energy needs of a cement plant. The market offers a wide variety of alternative solutions; besides, the literature already provides reviews of opportunities to improve energy efficiency in a cement plant. However, the technology is constantly developing, so the available alternatives may change within a few years. To keep the knowledge updated, investigating the current attractiveness of each solution is pivotal to analyze real companies. This article aims at describing the recent application in the Italian cement industry and the future perspectives of technologies. A sample of plant was investigated through the analysis of mandatory energy audit considering the type of interventions they have recently implemented, or they intend to implement. The outcome is a descriptive analysis, useful for companies willing to improve their sustainability. Results prove that solutions to reduce the energy consumption of auxiliary systems such as compressors, engines, and pumps are currently the most attractive opportunities. Moreover, the results prove that consulting sector experts enables the collection of updated ideas for improving technologies, thus giving valuable inputs to the scientific research.
Alessandra Cantini; Leonardo Leoni; Filippo De Carlo; Marcello Salvio; Chiara Martini; Fabrizio Martini. Technological Energy Efficiency Improvements in Cement Industries. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3810 .
AMA StyleAlessandra Cantini, Leonardo Leoni, Filippo De Carlo, Marcello Salvio, Chiara Martini, Fabrizio Martini. Technological Energy Efficiency Improvements in Cement Industries. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3810.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandra Cantini; Leonardo Leoni; Filippo De Carlo; Marcello Salvio; Chiara Martini; Fabrizio Martini. 2021. "Technological Energy Efficiency Improvements in Cement Industries." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3810.
In this paper we present a methodology to optimize the operating conditions of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) plants to achieve a higher energy efficiency in use. Semi-empiric numerical models of the plant components are used to predict their performances as a function of their set-point and the environmental and occupied space conditions. The optimization is performed through a graph-based algorithm that finds the set-points of the system components that minimize energy consumption and/or energy costs, while matching the user energy demands. The resulting model can be used with systems of almost any complexity, featuring both HVAC components and energy systems, and is sufficiently fast to make it applicable to real-time setting.
Andrea Luigi Facci; Fabrizio Martini; Salvatore Pirozzi; Antonella Zanfardino; Stefano Ubertini. Control strategy optimization of HVAC plants. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2014 (ICNAAM-2014) 2015, 1648, 570004 .
AMA StyleAndrea Luigi Facci, Fabrizio Martini, Salvatore Pirozzi, Antonella Zanfardino, Stefano Ubertini. Control strategy optimization of HVAC plants. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2014 (ICNAAM-2014). 2015; 1648 ():570004.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Luigi Facci; Fabrizio Martini; Salvatore Pirozzi; Antonella Zanfardino; Stefano Ubertini. 2015. "Control strategy optimization of HVAC plants." PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2014 (ICNAAM-2014) 1648, no. : 570004.
In the last decade, the service sector had a very rapid growth, due to the so-called “tertiarisation” of the economy. Accordingly, the energy consumption, mainly attributable to public and private buildings, is rapidly growing, thus making buildings energy saving one of the main issues of the energy policy at regional, national and international levels. To this aim, we developed an effective methodology to improve energy efficiency of the service sector buildings. This may represent a handy great opportunity to save natural and economic resources, especially where the buildings structure and the technical systems are old, the maintenance activities are not carefully carried out or a systematic energy management is not applied. Nevertheless, actions in this direction are often considered too expensive and complicated, if compared with residential energy optimization, because of the big extension, the variety of activities and the high number of occupants typical of the service sector buildings. The developed approach for energy audits aims to investigate the energy aspects of existing non-domestic buildings in a structured way, in order to clearly identify their energy saving potential and to improve their energy performances. The main goal of the study is defining a general methodology to analyze the current energy use and consumption considering a limited number of their peculiar elements such as dimensions, activities, users behavior, technical systems data and energy bills. Furthermore, these informations are completed by an appropriate energy measuring campaign. All the possible energy uses in service buildings are taken into account (i.e. lighting, ventilation, air conditioning, hot water production). The results obtained from the analysis allow to evaluate a global level of building energy efficiency, and to identify those single areas, specific systems or everyday activities where energy is wasted. These considerations also provide basis for programming cost-effective energy saving action plans. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through a case study for an Administrative Center building in Rome, Italy. Results demonstrate the methodology reliability and the cost reduction potentialities.
Antonella Zanfardino; Luca Andreassi; Fabrizio Martini; Stefano Ubertini. Energy Audits in the Service Sector Buildings. Volume 1: Applied Mechanics; Automotive Systems; Biomedical Biotechnology Engineering; Computational Mechanics; Design; Digital Manufacturing; Education; Marine and Aerospace Applications 2014, 1 .
AMA StyleAntonella Zanfardino, Luca Andreassi, Fabrizio Martini, Stefano Ubertini. Energy Audits in the Service Sector Buildings. Volume 1: Applied Mechanics; Automotive Systems; Biomedical Biotechnology Engineering; Computational Mechanics; Design; Digital Manufacturing; Education; Marine and Aerospace Applications. 2014; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonella Zanfardino; Luca Andreassi; Fabrizio Martini; Stefano Ubertini. 2014. "Energy Audits in the Service Sector Buildings." Volume 1: Applied Mechanics; Automotive Systems; Biomedical Biotechnology Engineering; Computational Mechanics; Design; Digital Manufacturing; Education; Marine and Aerospace Applications , no. : 1.
Distributed generation, despite not being a new concept, is assuming a leading role in the field of energy conversion, as it should contribute to the enhancement of efficiency, flexibility, and reliability of national energy systems. However, it also noted that the effective performances of small and flexible power plants is critically influenced by their actual control strategy. Moreover, it is not trivial to identify a univocal parameter to evaluate the plant performance. For instance, cost evaluation clearly responds to an industrial view of the energy supply problem, while energy consumption or polluting emissions comply with a socio economic approach. In this scenario, the optimization of the plant management is a valuable instrument to gain insight on their behavior as the control strategy is varied, as well as to promote the distributed generation development, by maximizing the plants performances. In this paper, we further develop a graph based optimization methodology to optimize the set-point of an internal combustion engine based plant used to satisfy a hospital energy load, under different seasonal load conditions (winter, summer, and transitional seasons) and energy prices. Specifically, in order to dissect the effects of the objective function selection, two different optimization criteria are considered, namely economical optimization and primary energy consumption minimization. In particular, we focus on the features of the prime mover (i.e., the internal combustion engine) control strategy and on its drivers, as a function of the prescribed objective function. Results demonstrate that in the actual Italian energy market, cost minimization does not match primary energy consumption minimization, because the latter is only influenced by energy demand time series, and equipments performance, while the former is fundamentally driven by the electricity prices time series.
Andrea Luigi Facci; Luca Andreassi; Fabrizio Martini; Stefano Ubertini. Comparing Energy and Cost Optimization in Distributed Energy Systems Management. Journal of Energy Resources Technology 2014, 136, 032001 .
AMA StyleAndrea Luigi Facci, Luca Andreassi, Fabrizio Martini, Stefano Ubertini. Comparing Energy and Cost Optimization in Distributed Energy Systems Management. Journal of Energy Resources Technology. 2014; 136 (3):032001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Luigi Facci; Luca Andreassi; Fabrizio Martini; Stefano Ubertini. 2014. "Comparing Energy and Cost Optimization in Distributed Energy Systems Management." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 136, no. 3: 032001.
An effective methodology to determine the optimal operational strategy for a complex CHCP plant is presented. The model is based on the minimization of a chosen variable and it is organically developed integrating thermodynamics and economics. The graph-based optimization algorithm is developed in order to find the optimal set-points of the energy system components in a sufficiently short-time. By this way the model is applicable to real industrial problems, especially when the energy is sold to the electricity market. The problem in study is discretized in time and plant states, represented as weighted graph, and the strategy that minimizes the total cost is determined using backward dynamic programming. The proposed methodology has been applied to the optimization of the set-point of an internal combustion engine based plant used to satisfy an hospital energy load, under different seasonal load conditions (winter, summer and transitional seasons) and energy prices. Two different optimization criteria are considered, namely economical optimization and primary energy consumption minimization. It is then demonstrated that the model can be effectively applied to analyze the cost and profit in energy conversion in power plants, related to electricity price, fuel price, running of turbine and auxiliary equipment, service power consumption. In particular, the chosen test case demonstrates not only the model reliability but also the economical and thermodynamic convenience of using the model itself to optimize the plant.
Andrea Luigi Facci; Luca Andreassi; Fabrizio Martini; Stefano Ubertini. Optimization of CHCP Operation Strategy: Cost vs Primary Energy Consumption Minimization. Volume 1: Advances in Aerodynamics 2013, 1 .
AMA StyleAndrea Luigi Facci, Luca Andreassi, Fabrizio Martini, Stefano Ubertini. Optimization of CHCP Operation Strategy: Cost vs Primary Energy Consumption Minimization. Volume 1: Advances in Aerodynamics. 2013; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Luigi Facci; Luca Andreassi; Fabrizio Martini; Stefano Ubertini. 2013. "Optimization of CHCP Operation Strategy: Cost vs Primary Energy Consumption Minimization." Volume 1: Advances in Aerodynamics , no. : 1.
Laura Tribioli; Angela Fumarola; Fabrizio Martini. Methodology Procedure for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Design. SAE Technical Paper Series 2011, 1 .
AMA StyleLaura Tribioli, Angela Fumarola, Fabrizio Martini. Methodology Procedure for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Design. SAE Technical Paper Series. 2011; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Tribioli; Angela Fumarola; Fabrizio Martini. 2011. "Methodology Procedure for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Design." SAE Technical Paper Series , no. : 1.
Laura Tribioli; Fabrizio Martini; Giovanni Pede; Carlo Villante. 0D-1D Coupling for an Integrated Fuel Economy Control Strategy for a Hybrid Electric Bus. SAE Technical Paper Series 2011, 1 .
AMA StyleLaura Tribioli, Fabrizio Martini, Giovanni Pede, Carlo Villante. 0D-1D Coupling for an Integrated Fuel Economy Control Strategy for a Hybrid Electric Bus. SAE Technical Paper Series. 2011; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Tribioli; Fabrizio Martini; Giovanni Pede; Carlo Villante. 2011. "0D-1D Coupling for an Integrated Fuel Economy Control Strategy for a Hybrid Electric Bus." SAE Technical Paper Series , no. : 1.
Leone Martellucci; Massimo Feola; Marco Valerio Ciminelli; Leonardo Lungarini; Fabrizio Martini. Modelling and experimental evaluation of control management in the series hybrid vehicle Enea Urb-e. SAE Technical Paper Series 2009, 1 .
AMA StyleLeone Martellucci, Massimo Feola, Marco Valerio Ciminelli, Leonardo Lungarini, Fabrizio Martini. Modelling and experimental evaluation of control management in the series hybrid vehicle Enea Urb-e. SAE Technical Paper Series. 2009; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeone Martellucci; Massimo Feola; Marco Valerio Ciminelli; Leonardo Lungarini; Fabrizio Martini. 2009. "Modelling and experimental evaluation of control management in the series hybrid vehicle Enea Urb-e." SAE Technical Paper Series , no. : 1.
Massimo Feola; Fabrizio Martini; Stefano Ubertini; Riccardo Pederzani; Federico Mannino. Bus Hybridization Effects in the Urban Area of Rome. SAE Technical Paper Series 2007, 1 .
AMA StyleMassimo Feola, Fabrizio Martini, Stefano Ubertini, Riccardo Pederzani, Federico Mannino. Bus Hybridization Effects in the Urban Area of Rome. SAE Technical Paper Series. 2007; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMassimo Feola; Fabrizio Martini; Stefano Ubertini; Riccardo Pederzani; Federico Mannino. 2007. "Bus Hybridization Effects in the Urban Area of Rome." SAE Technical Paper Series , no. : 1.
Massimo Feola; Fabrizio Martini; Stefano Ubertini. AN ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR HYBRID VEHICLES DESIGN. SAE Technical Paper Series 2005, 1 .
AMA StyleMassimo Feola, Fabrizio Martini, Stefano Ubertini. AN ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR HYBRID VEHICLES DESIGN. SAE Technical Paper Series. 2005; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMassimo Feola; Fabrizio Martini; Stefano Ubertini. 2005. "AN ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR HYBRID VEHICLES DESIGN." SAE Technical Paper Series , no. : 1.
Over the last few decades a tremendous effort has been made to reduce road vehicles engines contribution to air pollution and fuel consumption. Due to the more stringent limits imposed by governments, various manufactures started working in the incorporation of alternative powertrain configurations, such as pure electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and fuel cell vehicles (FCV), in the automotive consumer market. In order to appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of these new vehicles over conventional vehicles a comparison must be performed in terms of efficiency and pollutant emissions. However, hybrid vehicles comprise many components with at least two different energy conversion devices (i.e. internal combustion engine and electric machine) drawing energy from at least two different energy storage devices (i.e. fuel tank and battery). In recent times, many hybrid propulsion system configurations have emerged and many others can be imagined comprising multiple reversible and irreversible energy paths. Therefore, considering that in a hybrid vehicle at least two different forms of energy (i.e. fuel chemical energy and electricity) are consumed, fuel consumption alone is no more sufficient to give a measure of the effectiveness of a hybrid propulsion system. This paper presents a first attempt to give a general mathematical form of the traction energy, the global efficiency and the specific fuel consumption of a hybrid electric vehicle that recovers as particular cases the thermal vehicle and the series hybrid electric vehicle. To evaluate the efficiency of the generic propulsion system the complete process from fuel energy and electricity to power available at the wheels is considered. The introduced concept of equivalent fuel consumption can be the basis for the comparison between road vehicles whatever the powertrain is pure thermal or hybrid. In order to get a better understanding of the mathematical analysis and its potential effectiveness some numerical simulations of hybrid vehicles virtual prototypes are performed through a suitable simulation model. The aim of the present analysis is to provide an instrument that allow a quick evaluation of the performances of hybrid electric vehicles.
Massimo Feola; Fabrizio Martini; Stefano Ubertini. Evaluating the Performances of Advanced Powertrains. Volume 1A: Gas Turbines 2004, 429 -436.
AMA StyleMassimo Feola, Fabrizio Martini, Stefano Ubertini. Evaluating the Performances of Advanced Powertrains. Volume 1A: Gas Turbines. 2004; ():429-436.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMassimo Feola; Fabrizio Martini; Stefano Ubertini. 2004. "Evaluating the Performances of Advanced Powertrains." Volume 1A: Gas Turbines , no. : 429-436.