Nanomaterials are emerging as one of the methods to improve the pavement industry. Due to that, this study explores the influence of nano TiO₂ modified binder and mixture with 60/70 grade bitumen. The first stage discovers the physical properties of bitumen by undergoing penetration and softening point tests. Then, the nano TiO₂ modified binder is evaluated in terms of its morphological and chemical properties. To verify the modified binder design, the mechanical performance of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) is assessed in terms of volumetric properties. From the results, 5 nano TiO₂ modified binder shows significant improvement in terms of penetration and softening point. The results also show that the 3 nano TiO₂ modified binder contributes the highest improvement in terms of its chemical properties and the morphological properties. Based on the morphological properties evaluation, FTIR and XRD observed a sharp peak of nano TiO₂ while the bitumen containing nano TiO₂ is well distributed when SEM-EDX was applied. In addition, the volumetric properties of SMA also significantly improve with the addition of nano TiO₂. It can be said that the addition of nano TiO₂ is able to enhance the overall properties of bitumen.

Stone mastic asphalt is a gap-graded mix and is usually related to its high bitumen content and its skeleton-like constitution. Although famous for its durability, high resistance to fatigue and rutting, issues such as bleeding and premature aging do occur in the mix since it has a high bitumen content and voids due to its gap-graded structure. In order to encounter these problems from affecting the mix, some instances such as adding additives, rejuvenators and stabilizers into the mixture has been implemented. Nowadays, nano materials are being used in the asphalt mixtures and nano titanium is being introduced as a modifier to the asphalt binder in order to improve the mechanical properties of the stone mastic asphalt mix. The related tests done in order to access the improvement are resilient modulus, dynamic creep, moisture susceptibility and binder drain down. The content of nano titanium used in this research are 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. This study is done to assess the mechanical performance of stone mastic asphalt with nano titanium modified binder.

Dense graded asphalt is usually used for highways, main roads, industrial and distributor roads due to their densely packed constitution. In order to improve mo

This article states the modification of stone mastic asphalt with nano titanium dioxide and the advantage it has over conventional asphalt. The transport infrastructures must meet the needs of transport as well as other requirements like resilience and multi-hazard resistance in order to satisfy society's desire for sustainable development. Hence, blast load is introduced in this paper as one of the potential hazards that may be exposed to pavements. The use of SMA with nano titanium is believed to impact the pavement's behaviours significantly and can potentially resist higher blast loads and reduce failure in samples. As real field blast tests are limited, a numerical analysis is done to assess the modified pavement's enhancement. The article concludes by recommending using SMA modified with nano titanium as a promising solution to withstand blast loads in pavements.