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The annual average rainfall in Busan area is increasing, causing frequent flooding of Busan’s Suyeong and Oncheon rivers. Due to the increase in urbanized areas and climate change, it is difficult to reduce flood damage. Therefore, new methods are needed to reduce urban inundation. This study models the effects of three flood reduction methods involving Oncheon River, Suyeong River, and the Hoedong Dam, which is situated on the Suyeong. Using EPA-SWMM, a virtual model of the dam and the rivers was created, then modified with changes to the dam’s height, the installation of a floodgate on the dam, and the creation of an underground waterway to carry excess flow from the Oncheon to the Hoedong Dam. The results of this study show that increasing the height of the dam by 3 m, 4 m, or 6 m led to a 27%, 37%, and 48% reduction in flooding, respectively, on the Suyeong River. It was also found that installing a floodgate of 10 × 4 m, 15 × 4 m, or 20 × 4 min the dam would result in a flood reduction of 2.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the construction of the underground waterway could lead to an expected 25% flood reduction in the Oncheon River. Measures such as these offer the potential to protect the lives and property of citizens in densely populated urban areas and develop sustainable cities and communities. Therefore, the modifications to the dam and the underground waterway proposed in this study are considered to be useful.
Yeon-Moon Choo; Sang-Bo Sim; Yeon-Woong Choe. A Study on Urban Inundation Using SWMM in Busan, Korea, Using Existing Dams and Artificial Underground Waterways. Water 2021, 13, 1708 .
AMA StyleYeon-Moon Choo, Sang-Bo Sim, Yeon-Woong Choe. A Study on Urban Inundation Using SWMM in Busan, Korea, Using Existing Dams and Artificial Underground Waterways. Water. 2021; 13 (12):1708.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYeon-Moon Choo; Sang-Bo Sim; Yeon-Woong Choe. 2021. "A Study on Urban Inundation Using SWMM in Busan, Korea, Using Existing Dams and Artificial Underground Waterways." Water 13, no. 12: 1708.
In general, this new equation is significant for designing and operating a pipeline to predict flow discharge. In order to predict the flow discharge, accurate determination of the flow loss due to pipe friction is very important. However, existing pipe friction coefficient equations have difficulties in obtaining key variables or those only applicable to pipes with specific conditions. Thus, this study develops a new equation for predicting pipe friction coefficients using statistically based entropy concepts, which are currently being used in various fields. The parameters in the proposed equation can be easily obtained and are easy to estimate. Existing formulas for calculating pipe friction coefficient requires the friction head loss and Reynolds number. Unlike existing formulas, the proposed equation only requires pipe specifications, entropy value and average velocity. The developed equation can predict the friction coefficient by using the well-known entropy, the mean velocity and the pipe specifications. The comparison results with the Nikuradse’s experimental data show that the R2 and RMSE values were 0.998 and 0.000366 in smooth pipe, and 0.979 to 0.994 or 0.000399 to 0.000436 in rough pipe, and the discrepancy ratio analysis results show that the accuracy of both results in smooth and rough pipes is very close to zero. The proposed equation will enable the easier estimation of flow rates.
Yeon-Woong Choe; Sang-Bo Sim; Yeon-Moon Choo. New Equation for Predicting Pipe Friction Coefficients Using the Statistical Based Entropy Concepts. Entropy 2021, 23, 611 .
AMA StyleYeon-Woong Choe, Sang-Bo Sim, Yeon-Moon Choo. New Equation for Predicting Pipe Friction Coefficients Using the Statistical Based Entropy Concepts. Entropy. 2021; 23 (5):611.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYeon-Woong Choe; Sang-Bo Sim; Yeon-Moon Choo. 2021. "New Equation for Predicting Pipe Friction Coefficients Using the Statistical Based Entropy Concepts." Entropy 23, no. 5: 611.