Sustainability has gained as much importance as management in business. Sustainable pavement development as a business practice should involve making evaluations according to the triple bottom line in the pavement life-cycle. Despite the current approaches to evaluating the social as well as economic and environmental feasibility of pavement projects (involving highway and airport infrastructure), there has recently been a lack of consensus on a methodology to guarantee sustainability upon assessment and analysis during the pavement life-cycle. As sustainability is a complex issue, this study intends to further explore sustainability and elaborate on its meaning. The second step involves a general depiction of the major sustainability appraisal tools, namely cost-benefit analysis, life-cycle cost analysis, life-cycle assessment, multi-criteria decision-making, environmental impact assessment and social life-cycle assessment, and an explanation of their cons and pros. Subsequently, the article addresses the application of an organized methodology to highlight the main factors or concepts that should be applied in sustainable pavement development and, more specifically, in sustainable pavement management. In the final step, research recommendations toward sustainability are given. This study is aimed to assist decision-makers in pavement management to plan sustainability frameworks in accordance with probable boundaries and restrictions.

Airport pavements deteriorate with age due to the impacts of environmental factors and air traffic. There is a dearth of studies on the scheduling of airport pavement maintenance and the importance of assessing the different scheduling strategies using Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). An analysis of the cost–benefit study of a delay in maintenance alternatives should be done to determine whether a one-year delay is beneficial. This study concerns airport pavement management systems and the significance of a delay in several maintenance and preservation strategies depending on the analysis of inputs and outputs based on data from the Rocky Mountain Metropolitan airport in Jefferson County, United States. Herein, four preventive maintenance strategies were reviewed: three of the strategies involve crack treatment, namely crack sealing, patching, and a slurry seal, while the review of surface treatment only looks at the overlay method, which is done based on two Pavement Condition Indices (PCI 90 and PCI 80), and the resulting improvement in service life. The novel integrated LCCA + LCA program, namely PAVECO, is introduced in this research to compare alternatives from perspectives that are not purely economic, by considering direct costs, indirect costs, and salvage values. Results show that a one-year delay in preventive maintenance increases the deterministic life cycle cost by 16%. Based on the sensitivity analysis of the discount rate, the total cost shows more than a 10% decrease as the discount rate increased by 1%. Additionally, the uncertainty in PCI 80 is higher than that in PCI 90. The probabilistic model provides stakeholders with the opportunity to consider the alternative which is most suited to the allocated budget. It can be concluded that, based on the simulation of the effects of maintenance activities during the pavement life-cycle, preventive maintenance should start when the roads are in good condition to prompt managers and stakeholders to analyze the costs during the life-cycle. Postponing the preventive maintenance of airport pavement could raise the cost by 50%. The maintenance of airport pavements in developing countries is still one of the main challenges of pavement management due to the maintenance only being done when it is necessary.

Airports play a critical role in transporting goods and passengers and supporting the growth of the world economy. Airports spend huge sums annually to maintain and improve pavement functions by expanding the runways, taxiways, and aprons, and perform routine maintenance and rehabilitation of the existing pavements. Besides the traditional direct costs, a comprehensive airport pavement management system should also consider indirect costs such as fuel, crew, passenger delay, aircraft maintenance, and loss of airport revenue when conducting a life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA). Engineers, managers, and stakeholders can make better decisions on the appropriate pavement maintenance and rehabilitation strategies by performing economic analyses of the direct and indirect costs. This study performed probabilistic and deterministic LCCA to contrast the effect of direct costs vis-a-vis indirect costs in airport pavement management. A case study found that indirect costs could contribute up to 20% of the total costs when using Portland cement concrete (PCC), hot mixed asphalt (HMA), and crack seat overlay (CSOL). Previous research did not give much attention to maintenance since the researchers believed that routine maintenance makes up only an insignificant percentage of the LCCA. However, routine maintenance of HMA and CSOL makes up 10.2% and 14.2% of the total cost. The rehabilitation cost of PCC makes up 16.3% of the total cost, and the rehabilitation cost for HMA and CSOL makes up 25.4% and 35.2% of the total cost.

This study is an attempt to overcome the lack of reliable estimates on the willingness of Malaysian users to pay for public transportation (particularly buses) through a combined analysis of a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (F-AHP) and the Taguchi method. This is a ground-breaking study in the attempt to evaluate the bus users’ satisfaction factors based on the F-AHP, and find the pattern for the users’ willingness to pay (WTP) characteristic by reducing the travel time with the Taguchi application. The data were collected from the public transportation users’ intentions in Kelang Valley, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The results convinced us that, for complex data, one requires flexible approaches that can adjust their combination methods to the properties of analyzed datasets. This study is interested in initiating the use of a system combination strategy to have a better understanding of the factors that motivate the public transportation users to be willing to pay for the public transportation’s fare.

There are many factors which could influence the sustainability of airlines. The main purpose of this study is to introduce a framework for a financial sustainability index and model it based on structural equation modeling (SEM) with maximum likelihood and Bayesian predictors. The introduced framework includes economic performance, operational performance, cost performance, and financial performance. Based on both Bayesian SEM (Bayesian-SEM) and Classical SEM (Classical-SEM), it was found that economic performance with both operational performance and cost performance are significantly related to the financial performance index. The four mathematical indices employed are root mean square error, coefficient of determination, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error to compare the efficiency of Bayesian-SEM and Classical-SEM in predicting the airline financial performance. The outputs confirmed that the framework with Bayesian prediction delivered a good fit with the data, although the framework predicted with a Classical-SEM approach did not prepare a well-fitting model. The reasons for this discrepancy between Classical and Bayesian predictions, as well as the potential advantages and caveats with the application of Bayesian approach in airline sustainability studies, are debated.