Diabetes is a major health challenge, and it is linked to a number of serious health issues, including cardiovascular disease (heart attack and stroke), diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage or failure), and birth defects. The detection of glucose has a direct and significant clinical importance in the management of diabetes. Herein, we demonstrate the application of in-situ synthesized Ti₂C-TiO₂ MXene nanocomposite for high throughput non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of glucose. The nanocomposite was synthesized by controlled oxidation of Ti₂C-MXene nanosheets using H₂O₂ at room temperature_. The oxidation results in the opening up of Ti₂C-MXene nanosheets and the formation of TiO₂ nanocrystals on their surfaces as revealed in microscopic and spectroscopic analysis. Nanocomposite exhibited considerably high electrochemical response than parent Ti₂C MXene, and hence utilized as a novel electrode material for enzyme-free sensitive and specific detection of glucose. Developed nanocomposite-based non-enzymatic glucose sensor (NEGS) displays a wide linearity range (0.1 µM-200 µM, R² = 0.992), high sensitivity of 75.32 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻², a low limit of detection (0.12 μM) and a rapid response time (~3s). NEGS has further shown a high level of repeatability and selectivity for glucose in serum spiked samples. The unveiled excellent sensing performance of NEGS is credited to synergistically improved electrochemical response of Ti₂C MXene and TiO₂ nanoparticles. All of these attributes highlight the potential of MXene nanocomposite as a next-generation NEGS for on the spot mass screening of diabetic patients.

Integration of materials acts as a bridge between the electronic and biological worlds, which has revolutionized the development of bioelectronic devices. This review highlights the rapidly emerging field of switchable interface and its bioelectronics applications. This review article highlights the role and importance of two-dimensional (2D) materials, especially graphene, in the field of bioelectronics. Because of the excellent electrical, optical, and mechanical properties graphene have promising application in the field of bioelectronics. The easy integration, biocompatibility, mechanical flexibility, and conformity add impact in its use for the fabrication of bioelectronic devices. In addition, the switchable behavior of this material adds an impact on the study of natural biochemical processes. In general, the behavior of the interfacial materials can be tuned with modest changes in the bioelectronics interface systems. It is also believed that switchable behavior of materials responds to a major change at the nanoscale level by regulating the behavior of the stimuli-responsive interface architecture.

Low-carbon footprint materials have become essential for advancing sustainable technology and industrial growth amid growing environmental and climate concerns. The pivotal role of low-carbon materials, ranging from conventional forms to advanced synthetic nanostructures such as graphene, facilitates innovations across renewable energy systems, construction materials, fossil-derived resources, and sustainable packaging. The importance of developing low-carbon technologies aligns with Sustainable Development Goals 7, 9, 11, and 13, which aim to achieve universal access to sustainable energy, infrastructure, and communities with a clean environment. The biobased materials, which include timber, bamboo, cork, straw bales, hempcrete, and mycelium composites, provide sequestration capabilities and low embodied energy. Recycled and waste materials-based alternatives for construction work, such as fly ash, recycled plastic, recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), have significantly reduced carbon emissions. Recent advances in carbon nanomaterials have opened new avenues in electrochemistry, catalysis, photodetection, solar energy harvesting, and hydrogen storage, owing to their high surface area, electrical conductivity, and functionalizing ability. Furthermore, integrating carbon-based systems in low-emission technologies represents a strategic pathway toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting a carbon-neutral economy. The aforementioned potential of low-carbon materials necessitates an understanding of various aspects of these materials, from synthesis to life cycle assessment, in order to contribute to a low-carbon future. Therefore, this review examines the underlying chemistry, structural design, and potential applications of low-carbon materials in modern sustainable technologies. It distinctly integrates low-carbon materials into a single outline that associates them with properties, applications, and lifecycle performance, providing an advanced roadmap for designing and developing low-carbon infrastructure using technological and biogenic advanced materials. Graphical abstract

Biosensing technologies play a critical role across the healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety sectors.