Silk fibroin microparticles (FNP) showed superior methylene blue adsorption vs. raw silk. FNP's structure, surface charge, and molecular interactions (Lys62, Glu94) proved key, supported by docking and dynamics simulations.

This study investigates the functional role of OsHSBP1, a heat shock factor-binding protein, in regulating abiotic stress tolerance in rice, with the aim of enhancing climate resilience in the elite indica cultivar Bacthom 7 (BT7). Using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing, we generated transgene-free homozygous knockout lines targeting OsHSBP1 and evaluated their physiological, biochemical, and agronomic responses under heat stress. Mutant lines exhibited markedly improved tolerance to both stresses, with survival rates reaching 43–46% under heat stress, compared to near-zero in wildtype plants. Enhanced tolerance was associated with significantly increased catalase and peroxidase activities and reduced oxidative damage, including lower malondialdehyde content and decreased superoxide accumulation. Despite these stress-related advantages, the knockout lines showed minimal differences in key agronomic traits under normal growing conditions, with comparable plant height, tillering ability, grain yield, and amylose content relative to the wildtype. These results demonstrate that OsHSBP1 functions as a negative regulator of abiotic stress tolerance in rice, and its knockout enhances resilience without compromising yield potential. The study highlights OsHSBP1 as a promising target for precision breeding of climate-resilient rice cultivars.

Low-carbon footprint materials have become essential for advancing sustainable technology and industrial growth amid growing environmental and climate concerns. The pivotal role of low-carbon materials, ranging from conventional forms to advanced synthetic nanostructures such as graphene, facilitates innovations across renewable energy systems, construction materials, fossil-derived resources, and sustainable packaging. The importance of developing low-carbon technologies aligns with Sustainable Development Goals 7, 9, 11, and 13, which aim to achieve universal access to sustainable energy, infrastructure, and communities with a clean environment. The biobased materials, which include timber, bamboo, cork, straw bales, hempcrete, and mycelium composites, provide sequestration capabilities and low embodied energy. Recycled and waste materials-based alternatives for construction work, such as fly ash, recycled plastic, recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), have significantly reduced carbon emissions. Recent advances in carbon nanomaterials have opened new avenues in electrochemistry, catalysis, photodetection, solar energy harvesting, and hydrogen storage, owing to their high surface area, electrical conductivity, and functionalizing ability. Furthermore, integrating carbon-based systems in low-emission technologies represents a strategic pathway toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting a carbon-neutral economy. The aforementioned potential of low-carbon materials necessitates an understanding of various aspects of these materials, from synthesis to life cycle assessment, in order to contribute to a low-carbon future. Therefore, this review examines the underlying chemistry, structural design, and potential applications of low-carbon materials in modern sustainable technologies. It distinctly integrates low-carbon materials into a single outline that associates them with properties, applications, and lifecycle performance, providing an advanced roadmap for designing and developing low-carbon infrastructure using technological and biogenic advanced materials. Graphical abstract