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Prof. Uros Cvelbar
Department of Gaseous Electronics (F6), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Surface Science
0 Plasma nanoscience and technology
0 Plasma surface interactions
0 Plasma processing and synthesis
0 Surface characterisations

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Plasma processing and synthesis
Plasma surface interactions
Plasma nanoscience and technology

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Journal article
Published: 16 July 2021 in Applied Surface Science
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The 1D metal oxide nanostructures, including nanowires, are researched for at least two decades. However, the theoretical models on their synthesis and growth mechanisms are still controversial, even for the simplest growth method, namely thermal oxidation of a metallic surface. In this paper, the relevance analysis of the growth conditions reported in the literature is conducted, followed by the developed theoretical model, which was verified by our experiment on copper oxide nanowires. The model quantitatively describes the two most applied hypotheses concerning the single- and bi-crystalline growth of copper oxide nanowires. The numerical simulations reveal the conditions for both obtained mechanisms. It is also established that for the growth of the relatively thick nanowires associated with the single crystals, the internal energy of oxygen molecules determines the mechanism of oxygen adsorption. The energy can be re-distributed at the oxygen attachment, and the molecule can desorb at the account of this energy. Furthermore, the obtained result are also useful for developing the theory on nanowire seed generation, identifying the key control factors and basic mechanisms behind the growth modes, making a step toward a deterministic, highly predictable synthesis of dense 1D copper oxide nanostructures.

ACS Style

Oleg Baranov; Martin Košiček; Gregor Filipič; Uroš Cvelbar. A deterministic approach to the thermal synthesis and growth of 1D metal oxide nanostructures. Applied Surface Science 2021, 566, 150619 .

AMA Style

Oleg Baranov, Martin Košiček, Gregor Filipič, Uroš Cvelbar. A deterministic approach to the thermal synthesis and growth of 1D metal oxide nanostructures. Applied Surface Science. 2021; 566 ():150619.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oleg Baranov; Martin Košiček; Gregor Filipič; Uroš Cvelbar. 2021. "A deterministic approach to the thermal synthesis and growth of 1D metal oxide nanostructures." Applied Surface Science 566, no. : 150619.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2021 in Applied Surface Science
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In this paper, we report the one-step synthesis of the TiO2/WO3−x hybrid nanomaterials in ethanoic acid using the tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) and titanium butoxide precursors. The characterization results indicate that the WO3−x incorporation in TiO2 nanomaterials leads to the morphology conversion of TiO2 nanomaterials from the nanoparticles to the nanowire beams. The conversion mechanism is based on enhancing the nucleation rate of TiO2 and the viscosity of the solution containing the mixed WCl6 powder and titanium butoxide precursors. The photoluminescence (PL) studies reveal that the as-synthesized TiO2/WO3−x hybrid nanomaterials generate the UV, blue, green and red light, and these emissions are related to the band-band transition, surface states, oxygen vacancies and the transition between the gap state and valence band, respectively. Furthermore, WO3−x also leads to the PL quenching due to the oxygen vacancy migration and charge transfer across the TiO2/WO3−x interfaces and the enhancement of nonradiative recombination centers. Finally, the application of the as-synthesized hybrid nanomaterials in the area of photocatalysis was explored.

ACS Style

B.B. Wang; X.X. Zhong; Jing Zhu; Yingying Wang; Yongcai Zhang; U. Cvelbar; K. Ostrikov. Single-step synthesis of TiO2/WO3− hybrid nanomaterials in ethanoic acid: Structure and photoluminescence properties. Applied Surface Science 2021, 562, 150180 .

AMA Style

B.B. Wang, X.X. Zhong, Jing Zhu, Yingying Wang, Yongcai Zhang, U. Cvelbar, K. Ostrikov. Single-step synthesis of TiO2/WO3− hybrid nanomaterials in ethanoic acid: Structure and photoluminescence properties. Applied Surface Science. 2021; 562 ():150180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

B.B. Wang; X.X. Zhong; Jing Zhu; Yingying Wang; Yongcai Zhang; U. Cvelbar; K. Ostrikov. 2021. "Single-step synthesis of TiO2/WO3− hybrid nanomaterials in ethanoic acid: Structure and photoluminescence properties." Applied Surface Science 562, no. : 150180.

Journal article
Published: 21 April 2021 in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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Transition-metal sulfides combined with conductive carbon nanostructures are considered promising electrode materials for redox-based supercapacitors due to their high specific capacity. However, the low rate capability of these electrodes, still considered “battery-type” electrodes, presents an obstacle for general use. In this work, we demonstrate a successful and fast fabrication process of metal sulfide–carbon nanostructures ideal for charge-storage electrodes with ultra-high capacity and outstanding rate capability. The novel hybrid binder-free electrode material consists of a vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VCN), terminated by a nanosized single-crystal metallic Ni grain; Ni is covered by a nickel nitride (Ni3N) interlayer and topped by trinickel disulfide (Ni3S2, heazlewoodite). Thus, the electrode is formed by a Ni3S2/Ni3N/[email protected] architecture with a unique broccoli-like morphology. Electrochemical measurements show that these hybrid binder-free electrodes exhibit one of the best electrochemical performances compared to the other reported Ni3S2-based electrodes, evidencing an ultra-high specific capacity (856.3 C g–1 at 3 A g–1), outstanding rate capability (77.2% retention at 13 A g–1), and excellent cycling stability (83% retention after 4000 cycles at 13 A g–1). The remarkable electrochemical performance of the binder-free Ni3S2/Ni3N/[email protected] electrodes is a significant step forward, improving rate capability and capacity for redox-based supercapacitor applications.

ACS Style

Neelakandan M. Santhosh; Kush K. Upadhyay; Petra Stražar; Gregor Filipič; Janez Zavašnik; André Mão de Ferro; Rui Pedro Silva; Elena Tatarova; Maria De Fátima Montemor; Uroš Cvelbar. Advanced Carbon–Nickel Sulfide Hybrid Nanostructures: Extending the Limits of Battery-Type Electrodes for Redox-Based Supercapacitor Applications. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2021, 13, 20559 -20572.

AMA Style

Neelakandan M. Santhosh, Kush K. Upadhyay, Petra Stražar, Gregor Filipič, Janez Zavašnik, André Mão de Ferro, Rui Pedro Silva, Elena Tatarova, Maria De Fátima Montemor, Uroš Cvelbar. Advanced Carbon–Nickel Sulfide Hybrid Nanostructures: Extending the Limits of Battery-Type Electrodes for Redox-Based Supercapacitor Applications. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2021; 13 (17):20559-20572.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Neelakandan M. Santhosh; Kush K. Upadhyay; Petra Stražar; Gregor Filipič; Janez Zavašnik; André Mão de Ferro; Rui Pedro Silva; Elena Tatarova; Maria De Fátima Montemor; Uroš Cvelbar. 2021. "Advanced Carbon–Nickel Sulfide Hybrid Nanostructures: Extending the Limits of Battery-Type Electrodes for Redox-Based Supercapacitor Applications." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, no. 17: 20559-20572.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in Nature
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Impinging gas jets can induce depressions in liquid surfaces, a phenomenon familiar to anyone who has observed the cavity produced by blowing air through a straw directly above a cup of juice. A dimple-like stable cavity on a liquid surface forms owing to the balance of forces among the gas jet impingement, gravity and surface tension1,2. With increasing gas jet speed, the cavity becomes unstable and shows oscillatory motion, bubbling (Rayleigh instability) and splashing (Kelvin–Helmholtz instability)3,4. However, despite its scientific and practical importance—particularly in regard to reducing cavity instability growth in certain gas-blown systems—little attention has been given to the hydrodynamic stability of a cavity in such gas–liquid systems so far. Here we demonstrate the stabilization of such instabilities by weakly ionized gas for the case of a gas jet impinging on water, based on shadowgraph experiments and computational two-phase fluid and plasma modelling. We focus on the interfacial dynamics relevant to electrohydrodynamic (EHD) gas flow, so-called electric wind, which is induced by the momentum transfer from accelerated charged particles to neutral gas under an electric field. A weakly ionized gas jet consisting of periodic pulsed ionization waves5, called plasma bullets, exerts more force via electrohydrodynamic flow on the water surface than a neutral gas jet alone, resulting in cavity expansion without destabilization. Furthermore, both the bidirectional electrohydrodynamic gas flow and electric field parallel to the gas–water interface produced by plasma interacting ‘in the cavity’ render the surface more stable. This case study demonstrates the dynamics of liquids subjected to a plasma-induced force, offering insights into physical processes and revealing an interdependence between weakly ionized gases and deformable dielectric matter, including plasma–liquid systems. A weakly ionized gas jet impinging on a water surface is shown to produce a more stable cavity than does a neutral gas jet, with implications for plasma–liquid interactions.

ACS Style

Sanghoo Park; Wonho Choe; Hyungyu Lee; Joo Young Park; Jinwoo Kim; Se Youn Moon; Uroš Cvelbar. Stabilization of liquid instabilities with ionized gas jets. Nature 2021, 592, 49 -53.

AMA Style

Sanghoo Park, Wonho Choe, Hyungyu Lee, Joo Young Park, Jinwoo Kim, Se Youn Moon, Uroš Cvelbar. Stabilization of liquid instabilities with ionized gas jets. Nature. 2021; 592 (7852):49-53.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sanghoo Park; Wonho Choe; Hyungyu Lee; Joo Young Park; Jinwoo Kim; Se Youn Moon; Uroš Cvelbar. 2021. "Stabilization of liquid instabilities with ionized gas jets." Nature 592, no. 7852: 49-53.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Plasma jets are extensively used in biomedical applications, particularly for exploring cell viability behaviour. However, many experimental parameters influence the results, including jet characteristics, secondary liquid chemistry and protocols used, slowing research progress. A specific interest of the presented research was skin cell behaviour under a non-thermal kHz plasma jet—a so-called cold plasma jet—as a topical skin treatment. Our research was focused on in vitro mouse skin cell direct plasma treatment with argon as an operating gas. The research was complemented with detailed gas-phase diagnostics and liquid-phase chemical analysis of the plasma and plasma-treated medium, respectively. The obtained results showed that direct plasma jet treatment was very destructive, leading to low cell viability. Even with short treatment times (from 35 s to 60 s), apoptosis was observed for most L929 murine fibroblasts under approximately the same conditions. This behaviour was attributed to plasma species generated from direct treatment and the types of cell lines used. Importantly, the research exposed important points that should be taken under consideration for all further research in this field: the urgent need to upgrade and standardise existing plasma treatment protocols of cell lines; to monitor gas and liquid chemistries and to standardise plasma discharge parameters.

ACS Style

Andrea Jurov; Špela Kos; Nataša Hojnik; Ivana Sremački; Anton Nikiforov; Christophe Leys; Gregor Serša; Uroš Cvelbar. Analysing Mouse Skin Cell Behaviour under a Non-Thermal kHz Plasma Jet. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 1266 .

AMA Style

Andrea Jurov, Špela Kos, Nataša Hojnik, Ivana Sremački, Anton Nikiforov, Christophe Leys, Gregor Serša, Uroš Cvelbar. Analysing Mouse Skin Cell Behaviour under a Non-Thermal kHz Plasma Jet. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (3):1266.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Jurov; Špela Kos; Nataša Hojnik; Ivana Sremački; Anton Nikiforov; Christophe Leys; Gregor Serša; Uroš Cvelbar. 2021. "Analysing Mouse Skin Cell Behaviour under a Non-Thermal kHz Plasma Jet." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3: 1266.

Review
Published: 15 January 2021 in Communications Biology
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The proliferation and transmission of viruses has become a threat to worldwide biosecurity, as exemplified by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Early diagnosis of viral infection and disease control have always been critical. Virus detection can be achieved based on various plasmonic phenomena, including propagating surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized SPR, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface-enhanced fluorescence and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy. The present review covers all available information on plasmonic-based virus detection, and collected data on these sensors based on several parameters. These data will assist the audience in advancing research and development of a new generation of versatile virus biosensors.

ACS Style

Anand M. Shrivastav; Uroš Cvelbar; Ibrahim Abdulhalim. A comprehensive review on plasmonic-based biosensors used in viral diagnostics. Communications Biology 2021, 4, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Anand M. Shrivastav, Uroš Cvelbar, Ibrahim Abdulhalim. A comprehensive review on plasmonic-based biosensors used in viral diagnostics. Communications Biology. 2021; 4 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anand M. Shrivastav; Uroš Cvelbar; Ibrahim Abdulhalim. 2021. "A comprehensive review on plasmonic-based biosensors used in viral diagnostics." Communications Biology 4, no. 1: 1-12.

Cover picture
Published: 14 January 2021 in Plasma Processes and Polymers
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Cover Picture: The study demonstrates complete removal of aflatoxin B1 from the artificially contaminated corn kernels with an indirect cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment generated with a surface barrier discharge system working in the ambient air. Furthermore, it presents the first step towards acceptance of plasma technology as a safe food processing method.

ACS Style

Nataša Hojnik; Martina Modic; Dušan Žigon; Janez Kovač; Andrea Jurov; Aaron Dickenson; James L. Walsh; Uroš Cvelbar. Cover Picture: Plasma Process. Polym. 1/2021. Plasma Processes and Polymers 2021, 18, 1 .

AMA Style

Nataša Hojnik, Martina Modic, Dušan Žigon, Janez Kovač, Andrea Jurov, Aaron Dickenson, James L. Walsh, Uroš Cvelbar. Cover Picture: Plasma Process. Polym. 1/2021. Plasma Processes and Polymers. 2021; 18 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nataša Hojnik; Martina Modic; Dušan Žigon; Janez Kovač; Andrea Jurov; Aaron Dickenson; James L. Walsh; Uroš Cvelbar. 2021. "Cover Picture: Plasma Process. Polym. 1/2021." Plasma Processes and Polymers 18, no. 1: 1.

Full paper
Published: 25 October 2020 in Plasma Processes and Polymers
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Mycotoxins, the toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi, are found in up to 80% of global food and feed crops. Here, we report on the complete removal of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from the artificially contaminated corn kernels with an indirect cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) treatment generated with a surface barrier discharge system working in ambient air. Surface analysis of the corn kernels revealed the presence of minor changes in the treated samples, indicating that indirect CAP treatments induced slight oxidation of the corn kernel surface. This study not only proposes CAP as an effective food processing method for the decontamination of mycotoxins but also presents the first step towards acceptance of CAP technology as a safe food processing method.

ACS Style

Nataša Hojnik; Martina Modic; Dušan Žigon; Janez Kovač; Andrea Jurov; Aaron Dickenson; James L. Walsh; Uroš Cvelbar. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma‐assisted removal of aflatoxin B 1 from contaminated corn kernels. Plasma Processes and Polymers 2020, 18, 1 .

AMA Style

Nataša Hojnik, Martina Modic, Dušan Žigon, Janez Kovač, Andrea Jurov, Aaron Dickenson, James L. Walsh, Uroš Cvelbar. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma‐assisted removal of aflatoxin B 1 from contaminated corn kernels. Plasma Processes and Polymers. 2020; 18 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nataša Hojnik; Martina Modic; Dušan Žigon; Janez Kovač; Andrea Jurov; Aaron Dickenson; James L. Walsh; Uroš Cvelbar. 2020. "Cold atmospheric pressure plasma‐assisted removal of aflatoxin B 1 from contaminated corn kernels." Plasma Processes and Polymers 18, no. 1: 1.

Review article
Published: 18 September 2020 in Applied Physics Reviews
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In this review, the weightiest decadal developments of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and nanoplasmonic materials in sensing applications are discussed. Today, there are several well-established research directions where plasmonic detection is employed extensively, namely, food and water quality monitoring, viruses, pathogenic bacteria and hazardous toxin investigations for theranostic applications, and explosive substance detection for military and civil protection purposes. A combination of vibrational spectroscopy and surface nanoengineering has gained a reputation as a powerful weapon for rapid and accurate determination of submolecular quantities of nanoanalytes. Signal enhancement achieved by employing various metallic nanoparticles and nanostructures can be amplified significantly due to the electromagnetic field confinement effect. Localized surface plasmon waves, which are responsible for the phenomenon, promote light absorption at nanovolume, generating ‘hot spots’ with an incredibly intense and confined electromagnetic field close to the nanosculptured metallic surface. However, the formation of the hot spot network is heavily dependent on morphology, size, and spatial arrangement of plasmonic nanomaterials. Under optimal excitation conditions, the interaction between the optically induced electromagnetic field in the hot spot region and a probing analyte attached to the nanosculptured metallic substrate enlarges photon scattering cross section, increasing signal intensity by 106–1010. As a result, fast single-molecule vibrational fingerprint recording is possible. This focused review collects recent state-of-the-art developments in nanoplasmonic SERS sensing, highlighting the most efficient surface morphology designs that hold the most promise for future developments.

ACS Style

Vasyl Shvalya; Gregor Filipič; Janez Zavašnik; Ibrahim Abdulhalim; Uroš Cvelbar. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for chemical and biological sensing using nanoplasmonics: The relevance of interparticle spacing and surface morphology. Applied Physics Reviews 2020, 7, 031307 .

AMA Style

Vasyl Shvalya, Gregor Filipič, Janez Zavašnik, Ibrahim Abdulhalim, Uroš Cvelbar. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for chemical and biological sensing using nanoplasmonics: The relevance of interparticle spacing and surface morphology. Applied Physics Reviews. 2020; 7 (3):031307.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasyl Shvalya; Gregor Filipič; Janez Zavašnik; Ibrahim Abdulhalim; Uroš Cvelbar. 2020. "Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for chemical and biological sensing using nanoplasmonics: The relevance of interparticle spacing and surface morphology." Applied Physics Reviews 7, no. 3: 031307.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2020 in Nanomaterials
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Oriented carbon nanostructures (OCNs) with dominant graphitic characteristics have attracted research interest for various applications due to the excellent electrical and optical properties owing to their vertical orientation, interconnected structures, electronic properties, and large surface area. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is considered as a promising method for the large-scale synthesis of OCNs. Alternatively, structural reformation of natural carbon precursor or phenol-based polymers using plasma-assisted surface treatment is also considered for the fabrication of OCNs. In this work, we have demonstrated a fast technique for the synthesis of OCNs by plasma-assisted structure reformation of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) polymer gels using radio-frequency inductively coupled plasma (rf-ICP). A thin layer of RF polymer gel cast on a glass substrate was used as the carbon source and treated with rf plasma under different plasma discharge conditions. Argon and hydrogen gases were used in surface treatment, and the growth of carbon nanostructures at different discharge parameters was systematically examined. This study explored the influence of the gas flow rate, the plasma power, and the treatment time on the structural reformation of polymer gel to produce OCNs. Moreover, the gas-sensing properties of as-prepared OCNs towards ethanol at atmospheric conditions were also investigated.

ACS Style

Neelakandan M. Santhosh; Aswathy Vasudevan; Andrea Jurov; Gregor Filipič; Janez Zavašnik; Uroš Cvelbar. Oriented Carbon Nanostructures from Plasma Reformed Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Polymer Gels for Gas Sensor Applications. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1704 .

AMA Style

Neelakandan M. Santhosh, Aswathy Vasudevan, Andrea Jurov, Gregor Filipič, Janez Zavašnik, Uroš Cvelbar. Oriented Carbon Nanostructures from Plasma Reformed Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Polymer Gels for Gas Sensor Applications. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (9):1704.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Neelakandan M. Santhosh; Aswathy Vasudevan; Andrea Jurov; Gregor Filipič; Janez Zavašnik; Uroš Cvelbar. 2020. "Oriented Carbon Nanostructures from Plasma Reformed Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Polymer Gels for Gas Sensor Applications." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9: 1704.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2020 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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Aflatoxins are considered to be a critical dietary risk factor for humans, with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) identified by the WHO as one of the most potent natural group 1 carcinogen. Despite this, more than half of the world’s population is chronically exposed, resulting in up to 170,000 annual cases of human hepatocellular carcinoma cancer. Here we report an easily implemented approach using non-equilibrium plasma for targeted degradation of AFB1. Apart from reaching the 100% decontamination in less than 120 s of treatment, this is the first study that combines hypersensitive analytical methods such as high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to provide a detailed description of CAP mediated AFB1 degradation. We identify rapid scission of the vinyl bond between 8- and 9-position on the terminal furan ring of AFB1 as being of paramount importance for the suppression of toxic potential, which is confirmed by the examination of both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The plasma reactive species mediated degradation pathways are elucidated, and it is demonstrated that the approach not only renders AFB1 harmless but does so in order of magnitude less time than UV irradiation as one of the other non-thermal methods currently under investigation.

ACS Style

Nataša Hojnik; Martina Modic; James L. Walsh; Dušan Žigon; Uroš Javornik; Janez Plavec; Bojana Žegura; Metka Filipič; Uroš Cvelbar. Unravelling the pathways of air plasma induced aflatoxin B1 degradation and detoxification. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 403, 123593 .

AMA Style

Nataša Hojnik, Martina Modic, James L. Walsh, Dušan Žigon, Uroš Javornik, Janez Plavec, Bojana Žegura, Metka Filipič, Uroš Cvelbar. Unravelling the pathways of air plasma induced aflatoxin B1 degradation and detoxification. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 403 ():123593.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nataša Hojnik; Martina Modic; James L. Walsh; Dušan Žigon; Uroš Javornik; Janez Plavec; Bojana Žegura; Metka Filipič; Uroš Cvelbar. 2020. "Unravelling the pathways of air plasma induced aflatoxin B1 degradation and detoxification." Journal of Hazardous Materials 403, no. : 123593.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2020 in Microelectronic Engineering
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Entangled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on polyurethane (PUR) after Ar plasma-treatment and He plasma-treatment have been tested as gas sensors for ethanol sensing. It was found that plasma-treated sensors exhibit higher sensitivity compared to the non-treated samples along with different ethanol concentration. Non-treated sensors exhibit similar sensor response with the increase in ethanol concentration, while Ar plasma-treated sensors displays ~5 times improvement and He plasma-treated sensors show ~3 times improvement with an increase in ethanol concentration. The sensitivity of the plasma-treated sensors is also stable for following two-weeks after the preparation compared to the non-treated sensor. Entangled nanotube network exhibits a significant shift in the baseline resistance after both plasma-treatments. The response time of the sensor was increased after the plasma-treatment, while the recovery was rather quick. Surface analyses revealed that plasma-treatment did not make any significant morphological changes. Thus, the improvements in stability and sensitivity after plasma-treatment are attributed to the plasma-enhanced surface modification and formation of functional bonds on the surface of nanotubes, which are sensitive to the ethanol vapour.

ACS Style

Neelakandan M. Santhosh; Aswathy Vasudevan; Andrea Jurov; Anja Korent; Petr Slobodian; Janez Zavašnik; Uroš Cvelbar. Improving sensing properties of entangled carbon nanotube-based gas sensors by atmospheric plasma surface treatment. Microelectronic Engineering 2020, 232, 111403 .

AMA Style

Neelakandan M. Santhosh, Aswathy Vasudevan, Andrea Jurov, Anja Korent, Petr Slobodian, Janez Zavašnik, Uroš Cvelbar. Improving sensing properties of entangled carbon nanotube-based gas sensors by atmospheric plasma surface treatment. Microelectronic Engineering. 2020; 232 ():111403.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Neelakandan M. Santhosh; Aswathy Vasudevan; Andrea Jurov; Anja Korent; Petr Slobodian; Janez Zavašnik; Uroš Cvelbar. 2020. "Improving sensing properties of entangled carbon nanotube-based gas sensors by atmospheric plasma surface treatment." Microelectronic Engineering 232, no. : 111403.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2020 in Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
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ACS Style

B B Wang; X X Zhong; R W Shao; Y A Chen; U Cvelbar; K Ostrikov. Effects of tungsten doping on structure and photoluminescence of MoO3–x nanomaterials. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 2020, 53, 415109 .

AMA Style

B B Wang, X X Zhong, R W Shao, Y A Chen, U Cvelbar, K Ostrikov. Effects of tungsten doping on structure and photoluminescence of MoO3–x nanomaterials. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2020; 53 (41):415109.

Chicago/Turabian Style

B B Wang; X X Zhong; R W Shao; Y A Chen; U Cvelbar; K Ostrikov. 2020. "Effects of tungsten doping on structure and photoluminescence of MoO3–x nanomaterials." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 53, no. 41: 415109.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2020 in Nanotechnology
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The need for 2D vertical graphene nanosheets (VGNs) is driven by its great potential in diverse energy, electronics, and sensor applications, wherein many cases a low-temperature synthesis is preferred due to requirements of the manufacturing process. Unfortunately, most of today's known methods, including plasma, require either relatively high temperatures or high plasma powers. Herein, we report on a controllable synthesis of VGNs at a pushed down low-temperature boundary for synthesis, the low temperatures (450 °C) and low plasma powers (30 W) using capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) driven by radio-frequency power at 13.56 MHz. The strategies implemented also include unrevealing the role of Nickel (Ni) catalyst thin film on the substrates (Si/Al). It was found that the Ni catalyst on Si/Al initiates the nucleation/growth of VGNs at 450 °C in comparison to the substrates without Ni catalyst. With increasing temperature, the graphene nanosheets become bigger in size, well-structured and well separated. The role of Ni catalysts is hence to boost the growth rate, density, and quality of the growing VGNs. Furthermore, this CCP method can be used to synthesize VGNs at the lowest temperatures possible so far on a variety of substrates and provide new opportunities in the practical application of VGNs.

ACS Style

Shahzad Hussain; Eva Kovacevic; Johannes Berndt; Neelakandan Marath Santhosh; Cédric Pattyn; Ana Inês Vieitas Amaral Dias; Thomas Strunskus; Mohamed-Ramzi Ammar; Andrea Jagodar; Mireille Gaillard; Chantal Boulmer-Leborgne; Uroš Cvelbar. Low-temperature low-power PECVD synthesis of vertically aligned graphene. Nanotechnology 2020, 31, 395604 .

AMA Style

Shahzad Hussain, Eva Kovacevic, Johannes Berndt, Neelakandan Marath Santhosh, Cédric Pattyn, Ana Inês Vieitas Amaral Dias, Thomas Strunskus, Mohamed-Ramzi Ammar, Andrea Jagodar, Mireille Gaillard, Chantal Boulmer-Leborgne, Uroš Cvelbar. Low-temperature low-power PECVD synthesis of vertically aligned graphene. Nanotechnology. 2020; 31 (39):395604.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahzad Hussain; Eva Kovacevic; Johannes Berndt; Neelakandan Marath Santhosh; Cédric Pattyn; Ana Inês Vieitas Amaral Dias; Thomas Strunskus; Mohamed-Ramzi Ammar; Andrea Jagodar; Mireille Gaillard; Chantal Boulmer-Leborgne; Uroš Cvelbar. 2020. "Low-temperature low-power PECVD synthesis of vertically aligned graphene." Nanotechnology 31, no. 39: 395604.

Paper
Published: 18 June 2020 in Journal of Materials Chemistry C
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For the first time, we demonstrated successful post-synthesis incorporation of metal dopants at elevated temperature into a host structure of Sn2P2S6, known as the grandfather of dichalcogenide ferroelectrics with a formula M2P2X6 (M = metal and X = chalcogen).

ACS Style

Vasyl Shvalya; Janez Zavašnik; Venera Nasretdinova; Hana Uršič; Janez Kovač; Alexander Grabar; Anton Kohutych; Alexander Molnar; Dean R. Evans; Dragan D. Mihailović; Uroš Cvelbar. Customization of Sn2P2S6 ferroelectrics by post-growth solid-state diffusion doping. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2020, 8, 9975 -9985.

AMA Style

Vasyl Shvalya, Janez Zavašnik, Venera Nasretdinova, Hana Uršič, Janez Kovač, Alexander Grabar, Anton Kohutych, Alexander Molnar, Dean R. Evans, Dragan D. Mihailović, Uroš Cvelbar. Customization of Sn2P2S6 ferroelectrics by post-growth solid-state diffusion doping. Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 2020; 8 (29):9975-9985.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasyl Shvalya; Janez Zavašnik; Venera Nasretdinova; Hana Uršič; Janez Kovač; Alexander Grabar; Anton Kohutych; Alexander Molnar; Dean R. Evans; Dragan D. Mihailović; Uroš Cvelbar. 2020. "Customization of Sn2P2S6 ferroelectrics by post-growth solid-state diffusion doping." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 29: 9975-9985.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2020 in Applied Surface Science
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Reliable and reusable plasmonic substrates are crucial for the development of biosensing applications using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), as they can provide unique advantages for ultrafast and accurate single-molecule recognition of different species. These properties are unrevealed in this paper, where thermally annealed cupric CuO and cuprous oxide Cu2O heterostructures were used as templates for highly stable nanotextured surfaces and design of robust 3D plasmonic biochips. Differently tailored nano/micro-roughness provided outstanding light trapping abilities that lead to significant SERS performance improvement. It was found that Cu2O chestnut-like substrate activated with 80 nm Au/Pd alloy film reveals impressive 3.7-fold Raman signal increment in respect to grainy-like structure and about twice larger amplification than that of nanowires enriched platform decorated in the same manner. Large enhancement factor AEF ~5 × 105 of a chestnut-like Au/[email protected]/Cu2O chip allows adding it up to the list of the most effective oxide-based plasmonic substrates. Moreover, the substrate shows unprecedented durability during repetitive plasma-cleaning, demonstrating a remarkable 100% self-recovery in less than 1 min, accompanied by virtually no thickness degradation of the plasmonic layer.

ACS Style

Vasyl Shvalya; Gregor Filipič; Damjan Vengust; Janez Zavašnik; Martina Modic; Ibrahim Abdulhalim; Uroš Cvelbar. Reusable Au/Pd-coated chestnut-like copper oxide SERS substrates with ultra-fast self-recovery. Applied Surface Science 2020, 517, 146205 .

AMA Style

Vasyl Shvalya, Gregor Filipič, Damjan Vengust, Janez Zavašnik, Martina Modic, Ibrahim Abdulhalim, Uroš Cvelbar. Reusable Au/Pd-coated chestnut-like copper oxide SERS substrates with ultra-fast self-recovery. Applied Surface Science. 2020; 517 ():146205.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasyl Shvalya; Gregor Filipič; Damjan Vengust; Janez Zavašnik; Martina Modic; Ibrahim Abdulhalim; Uroš Cvelbar. 2020. "Reusable Au/Pd-coated chestnut-like copper oxide SERS substrates with ultra-fast self-recovery." Applied Surface Science 517, no. : 146205.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2020 in Nanomaterials
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Polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) dispersed in ethanol, water and water/alginate were used to functionalize untreated and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma-treated polyamide 6,6 fabric (PA66). The PVP-AgNPs dispersions were deposited onto PA66 by spray and exhaustion methods. The exhaustion method showed a higher amount of deposited AgNPs. Water and water-alginate dispersions presented similar results. Ethanol amphiphilic character showed more affinity to AgNPs and PA66 fabric, allowing better uniform surface distribution of nanoparticles. Antimicrobial effect in E. coli showed good results in all the samples obtained by exhaustion method but using spray method only the DBD plasma treated samples displayed antimicrobial activity (log reduction of 5). Despite the better distribution achieved using ethanol as a solvent, water dispersion samples with DBD plasma treatment displayed better antimicrobial activity against S. aureus bacteria in both exhaustion (log reduction of 1.9) and spray (methods log reduction of 1.6) due to the different oxidation states of PA66 surface interacting with PVP-AgNPs, as demonstrated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Spray method using the water-suspended PVP-AgNPs onto DBD plasma-treated samples is much faster, less agglomerating and uses 10 times less PVP-AgNPs dispersion than the exhaustion method to obtain an antimicrobial effect in both S. aureus and E. coli.

ACS Style

Ana I. Ribeiro; Martina Modic; Uros Cvelbar; Gheorghe Dinescu; Bogdana Mitu; Anton Nikiforov; Christophe Leys; Iryna Kuchakova; Mike De Vrieze; Helena P. Felgueiras; António P. Souto; Andrea Zille. Effect of Dispersion Solvent on the Deposition of PVP-Silver Nanoparticles onto DBD Plasma-Treated Polyamide 6,6 Fabric and Its Antimicrobial Efficiency. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 607 .

AMA Style

Ana I. Ribeiro, Martina Modic, Uros Cvelbar, Gheorghe Dinescu, Bogdana Mitu, Anton Nikiforov, Christophe Leys, Iryna Kuchakova, Mike De Vrieze, Helena P. Felgueiras, António P. Souto, Andrea Zille. Effect of Dispersion Solvent on the Deposition of PVP-Silver Nanoparticles onto DBD Plasma-Treated Polyamide 6,6 Fabric and Its Antimicrobial Efficiency. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (4):607.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana I. Ribeiro; Martina Modic; Uros Cvelbar; Gheorghe Dinescu; Bogdana Mitu; Anton Nikiforov; Christophe Leys; Iryna Kuchakova; Mike De Vrieze; Helena P. Felgueiras; António P. Souto; Andrea Zille. 2020. "Effect of Dispersion Solvent on the Deposition of PVP-Silver Nanoparticles onto DBD Plasma-Treated Polyamide 6,6 Fabric and Its Antimicrobial Efficiency." Nanomaterials 10, no. 4: 607.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2020 in Materials
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Thin film deposition with atmospheric pressure plasmas is highly interesting for industrial demands and scientific interests in the field of biomaterials. However, the engineering of high-quality films by high-pressure plasmas with precise control over morphology and surface chemistry still poses a challenge. The two types of atmospheric-pressure plasma depositions of organosilicon films by the direct and indirect injection of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) precursor into a plasma region were chosen and compared in terms of the films chemical composition and morphology to address this. Although different methods of plasma excitation were used, the deposition of inorganic films with above 98% of SiO2 content was achieved for both cases. The chemical structure of the films was insignificantly dependent on the substrate type. The deposition in the afterglow of the DC discharge resulted in a soft film with high roughness, whereas RF plasma deposition led to a smoother film. In the case of the RF plasma deposition on polymeric materials resulted in films with delamination and cracks formation. Lastly, despite some material limitations, both deposition methods demonstrated significant potential for SiOx thin-films preparation for a variety of bio-related substrates, including glass, ceramics, metals, and polymers.

ACS Style

Iryna Kuchakova; Maria Daniela Ionita; Eusebiu-Rosini Ionita; Andrada Lazea-Stoyanova; Simona Brajnicov; Bogdana Mitu; Gheorghe Dinescu; Mike De Vrieze; Uroš Cvelbar; Andrea Zille; Christophe Leys; Anton Yu Nikiforov. Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Deposition of Organosilicon Thin Films by Direct Current and Radio-frequency Plasma Jets. Materials 2020, 13, 1296 .

AMA Style

Iryna Kuchakova, Maria Daniela Ionita, Eusebiu-Rosini Ionita, Andrada Lazea-Stoyanova, Simona Brajnicov, Bogdana Mitu, Gheorghe Dinescu, Mike De Vrieze, Uroš Cvelbar, Andrea Zille, Christophe Leys, Anton Yu Nikiforov. Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Deposition of Organosilicon Thin Films by Direct Current and Radio-frequency Plasma Jets. Materials. 2020; 13 (6):1296.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iryna Kuchakova; Maria Daniela Ionita; Eusebiu-Rosini Ionita; Andrada Lazea-Stoyanova; Simona Brajnicov; Bogdana Mitu; Gheorghe Dinescu; Mike De Vrieze; Uroš Cvelbar; Andrea Zille; Christophe Leys; Anton Yu Nikiforov. 2020. "Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Deposition of Organosilicon Thin Films by Direct Current and Radio-frequency Plasma Jets." Materials 13, no. 6: 1296.

Article
Published: 17 February 2020 in Nano-Micro Letters
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Incorporating nitrogen (N) atom in graphene is considered a key technique for tuning its electrical properties. However, this is still a great challenge, and it is unclear how to build N-graphene with desired nitrogen configurations. There is a lack of experimental evidence to explain the influence and mechanism of structural defects for nitrogen incorporation into graphene compared to the derived DFT theories. Herein, this gap is bridged through a systematic study of different nitrogen-containing gaseous plasma post-treatments on graphene nanowalls (CNWs) to produce N-CNWs with incorporated and substituted nitrogen. The structural and morphological analyses describe a remarkable difference in the plasma–surface interaction, nitrogen concentration and nitrogen incorporation mechanism in CNWs by using different nitrogen-containing plasma. Electrical conductivity measurements revealed that the conductivity of the N-graphene is strongly influenced by the position and concentration of C–N bonding configurations. These findings open up a new pathway for the synthesis of N-graphene using plasma post-treatment to control the concentration and configuration of incorporated nitrogen for application-specific properties.

ACS Style

Neelakandan M. Santhosh; Gregor Filipič; Eva Kovacevic; Andrea Jagodar; Johannes Berndt; Thomas Strunskus; Hiroki Kondo; Masaru Hori; Elena Tatarova; Uroš Cvelbar. N-Graphene Nanowalls via Plasma Nitrogen Incorporation and Substitution: The Experimental Evidence. Nano-Micro Letters 2020, 12, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Neelakandan M. Santhosh, Gregor Filipič, Eva Kovacevic, Andrea Jagodar, Johannes Berndt, Thomas Strunskus, Hiroki Kondo, Masaru Hori, Elena Tatarova, Uroš Cvelbar. N-Graphene Nanowalls via Plasma Nitrogen Incorporation and Substitution: The Experimental Evidence. Nano-Micro Letters. 2020; 12 (1):1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Neelakandan M. Santhosh; Gregor Filipič; Eva Kovacevic; Andrea Jagodar; Johannes Berndt; Thomas Strunskus; Hiroki Kondo; Masaru Hori; Elena Tatarova; Uroš Cvelbar. 2020. "N-Graphene Nanowalls via Plasma Nitrogen Incorporation and Substitution: The Experimental Evidence." Nano-Micro Letters 12, no. 1: 1-17.

Journal article
Published: 17 December 2019 in Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
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ACS Style

B B Wang; X X Zhong; R W Shao; Y A Chen; U Cvelbar; K Ostrikov. From nanoparticles to nanofilms: exploring effects of Zn addition for nanostructure modification and photoluminescence intensification of MoO3−x nanomaterials. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 2019, 53, 095101 .

AMA Style

B B Wang, X X Zhong, R W Shao, Y A Chen, U Cvelbar, K Ostrikov. From nanoparticles to nanofilms: exploring effects of Zn addition for nanostructure modification and photoluminescence intensification of MoO3−x nanomaterials. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2019; 53 (9):095101.

Chicago/Turabian Style

B B Wang; X X Zhong; R W Shao; Y A Chen; U Cvelbar; K Ostrikov. 2019. "From nanoparticles to nanofilms: exploring effects of Zn addition for nanostructure modification and photoluminescence intensification of MoO3−x nanomaterials." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 53, no. 9: 095101.