In the publication, the authors put forward a thesis about the low social understanding of the essence of the idea of sustainable development (SD), its assumptions, and difficulties with its implementation. This thesis became the starting point for research on contemporary problems related to the understanding and implementation of the idea of SD in Poland and an inspiration to look at Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). The aim of the study was to get to know the opinions of experts on the statutory definition of SD and social awareness of this idea, and then to relate these opinions to the state of knowledge of students, as well as their opinions and attitudes towards SD. Primary data obtained in the course of surveys among 105 Polish experts (employees of universities, research institutes, government and local government units) and 844 students from several Polish university centres were used. The obtained results indicated gaps in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and the related very diverse and often misinterpreted concept of SD, which seems to be one of the key barriers to the implementation of SD in local life.

In the theory and practice of valuation, it is commonly accepted that the key feature determining the value of agricultural land is its location, both general and in a specific part (zone) of a village. The model approach used in the present study can provide the answer to the question of how to maximize the value of agricultural land as part of a conducted arrangement, agricultural works. The study used data on the market sale of agricultural parcels in 10 Polish municipalities. Each parcel was described using a set of features (parameters) that were key to its value and entered into a database. Using the database, two statistical models were built: a multiple regression analysis model (MRA) and an artificial neural network model (ANN). The studies conducted have shown that changes in such features as surface area, shape, and access to a public road were accompanied by significant changes in the market values of parcels. Another important observation was that potential decreases in the value of agricultural parcels as a result of changes in their surface areas were offset (where it was reasonable) by the elimination of their excessive elongation and providing them with an access to a public road. Based on the findings, it has been concluded that change in land value should be considered one of the effects of executed land consolidation projects (LCP), during which the parameters of agricultural parcels are subject to the biggest changes.

The idea of sustainability has been exerting an impact on public awareness for nearly five decades. However, representatives of various sciences interpret it in many different ways, and there were several hundred definitions of it already at the end of the 20th century. There is no doubt that a proper understanding of the essence and meaning of sustainable development by opinion leaders representing various scientific disciplines determines transformations in particular sectors of the economy, especially in the energy sector. Economics, which considers the relationship between the economy and the environment, seems to have a special role with regard to this issue. Models and concepts of managing limited environmental resources are considered based on this science. Thus, economists have a kind of greater responsibility for the shape and direction of development, and especially for whether it will be durable and balanced. With these issues in mind, the aim of this paper is to review and systematize the opinions of Polish experts on the concept of sustainable development and to indicate the most important parameters that define it. The paper presents the results of an opinion survey of 105 experts affiliated with a wide variety of institutions. Respondents represented economic, technical, social, and natural sciences.

Environmental valorisation plays a crucial role in comprehensive understanding and effective man agement of the complex interactions between natural and anthropogenic landscape components a. It is particularly relevent in areas characterized by varied topography, rich ecological diversity, and increasing human pressure, such as the Limanowa region in southern Poland. The study presented here utilized Geographic Information System (GIS) tools in combination with high-resolution aerial photogrammetry to conduct a detailed environmental assessment of this mountainous area. By focusing on key environmental parameters, including vegetation cover, hydrological networks, and terrain morphology, the research employed spatial analysis alongside both qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods. The results of the study underscore the central importance of terrain relief, which emerged as the most influential environmental factor shaping local ecological patterns. The diverse landforms not only dictate the distribution and composition of vegetation but also guide the configuration of natural watercourses and valleys. Despite covering only 17% of the total area, forested zones were identified as crucial ecological corridors that support biodiversity, enhance connectivity, and act as natural buffers against erosion and climate extremes. Additionally, the presence of natural streams and valley systems contributes to the functional integrity of the landscape and enriches its aesthetic value, making the region attractive for nature-based tourism and outdoor recreation. However, the analysis also identified significant environmental constraints. The prevalence of steep slopes and areas with low soil fertility poses notable challenges for agriculture and limits the potential for urban expansion. These physical limitations necessitate a cautious and well-informed approach to spatial planning, especially when it comes to balancing conservation goals with the socio-economic aspirations of local communities. To synthesize these findings, the study integrated a set of thematic maps with a 3D numerical terrain model (NTM), providing a multidimensional understanding of environmental interrelations. This integrative approach allowed for the identification of zones with high ecological value, areas susceptible to degradation, and locations suitable for specific forms of land use or protection. Ultimately, the research offers a practical and replicable methodology for regional planners, environmental managers, and policymakers aiming to develop sustainable land-use strategies. It demonstrates how environmental valorisation can support informed decision-making that reconciles ecological integrity with human development, particularly in regions with complex landscapes and environmental sensitivities.