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Professor Jamie Pittock is a Professor at the Fenner School of Environment and Society at The Australian National University. He is a member of the Wentworth Group of Concerned Scientists and the World Commission on Protected Areas, serves on the Advisory Board of The Nature Conservancy Australia and the public fund of Water Stewardship Asia–Pacific, and chairs the Eminent Scientists Group of WWF Australia. His research considers how our societies can conserve biodiversity, respond to climate change, supply energy and food, and better manage increasingly scarce water resources to benefit both people and nature.
Jamie Pittock. Use of the Ramsar Convention to protect springs and other wetlands. Conservation Biology 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJamie Pittock. Use of the Ramsar Convention to protect springs and other wetlands. Conservation Biology. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJamie Pittock. 2021. "Use of the Ramsar Convention to protect springs and other wetlands." Conservation Biology , no. : 1.
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are useful conservation tools for balancing the complex social-ecological interactions and demands within a given marine area. Often designing, reviewing, and assessing existing MPAs can be a complicated task often based on patchy ecological data, biases towards certain stakeholder groups, and static snapshots of current information. Taking a social-ecological resilience approach, this study has developed an innovative way of using fuzzy-set multi-criteria evaluations in GIS modelling to integrate existing ecological data for a marine area with information from a diverse set of stakeholders to gain an understanding of the overlaps between social and ecological assets within an MPA. Adaptive management frameworks were considered by exploring stakeholder feedback in regards to the current spatial plan and using a social-ecological spatially informed Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) analysis to create a current snapshot of the MPA's vulnerability. The BBN was then used to predict how climate change may affect sensitive habitats and demonstrates the increase of vulnerability for both habitats and marine species when allowing fishing pressure to occur across the entire MPA. A series of decision-making maps were created that integrated all of this information. Using this current and predicted social-ecological spatial information about an MPA, can assist decision-makers and the local community by giving them the tools to make informed decisions about how to better design an MPA that meets and supports long-term social-ecological resilience.
Mae M. Noble; David Harasti; Jamie Pittock; Bruce Doran. Using GIS fuzzy-set modelling to integrate social-ecological data to support overall resilience in marine protected area spatial planning: A case study. Ocean & Coastal Management 2021, 212, 105745 .
AMA StyleMae M. Noble, David Harasti, Jamie Pittock, Bruce Doran. Using GIS fuzzy-set modelling to integrate social-ecological data to support overall resilience in marine protected area spatial planning: A case study. Ocean & Coastal Management. 2021; 212 ():105745.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMae M. Noble; David Harasti; Jamie Pittock; Bruce Doran. 2021. "Using GIS fuzzy-set modelling to integrate social-ecological data to support overall resilience in marine protected area spatial planning: A case study." Ocean & Coastal Management 212, no. : 105745.
River basin governance has become increasingly challenged in many river basins around the world. At heart is the poor understanding of governance performance and its interaction with biophysical restoration targets. This paper aims to improve the Murray-Darling Basin governance for better environmental outcomes by understanding the interactions between governance performance indicators and biophysical indicators. A diagnostic framework consisting of social indicators (Collaboration, Leadership, Institutions and Learning) and biophysical indicators (River Flows, Water Quality, Biodiversity and Species Recovery) was used to estimate condition and target for each indicator from a range of stakeholder groups representing different interests and perspectives. In addition, stakeholders also measured synergistic effects of indicator progress towards target on other indicators using strength of indicator interaction scores. A network analysis of indicator condition and interaction scores was used to determine a composite enabling pathway to suggest stakeholder contributing roles to polycentric governance. Leadership and its role in regulation, compliance and operating rules is a recurring challenge mentioned by multiple stakeholder groups, requiring clarification of roles and subsidiarity decision-making through enhanced collaboration and institutional reform. The enabling pathway proposes collaborative learning by assigning co-implementation priorities based on diagnostics rather than stakeholder specific identified key challenges. This novel approach offers a tangible way for developing sectorised stakeholder engagement strategies where participation is conceived as active collaboration towards decision-making and co-implementation.
Frederick Bouckaert; Yongping Wei; Jamie Pittock. Governing the Murray-Darling Basin: Integrating social and biophysical indicators for better environmental outcomes. Environmental Science & Policy 2021, 124, 101 -114.
AMA StyleFrederick Bouckaert, Yongping Wei, Jamie Pittock. Governing the Murray-Darling Basin: Integrating social and biophysical indicators for better environmental outcomes. Environmental Science & Policy. 2021; 124 ():101-114.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrederick Bouckaert; Yongping Wei; Jamie Pittock. 2021. "Governing the Murray-Darling Basin: Integrating social and biophysical indicators for better environmental outcomes." Environmental Science & Policy 124, no. : 101-114.
The adverse effects of rapid urbanization are of global concern. Careful planning for and accommodation of accelerating urbanization and citizenization (i.e., migrants gaining official urban residency) may be the best approach to limit some of the worst impacts. However, we find that another trajectory may be possible: one linked to the rural development plan adopted in the latest Chinese national development strategy. This plan aims to build rural areas as attractive areas for settlement by 2050 rather than to further urbanize with more people in cities. We assess the political motivations and challenges behind this choice to develop rural areas based on a literature review and empirical case analysis. After assessing the rural and urban policy subsystem, we find five socio-political drivers behind China’s rural development strategy, namely ensuring food security, promoting culture and heritage, addressing overcapacity, emphasizing environmental protection and eradicating poverty. To develop rural areas, China needs to effectively resolve three dilemmas: (1) implementing decentralized policies under central supervision; (2) deploying limited resources efficiently to achieve targets; and (3) addressing competing narratives in current policies. Involving more rural community voices, adopting multiple forms of local governance, and identifying and mitigating negative project impacts can be the starting points to manage these dilemmas.
Hongzhang Xu; Jamie Pittock; Katherine Daniell. China: A New Trajectory Prioritizing Rural Rather Than Urban Development? Land 2021, 10, 514 .
AMA StyleHongzhang Xu, Jamie Pittock, Katherine Daniell. China: A New Trajectory Prioritizing Rural Rather Than Urban Development? Land. 2021; 10 (5):514.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHongzhang Xu; Jamie Pittock; Katherine Daniell. 2021. "China: A New Trajectory Prioritizing Rural Rather Than Urban Development?" Land 10, no. 5: 514.
Building landscape resilience inspires the cultivation of the landscape’s capacity to recover from disruption and live with changes and uncertainties. However, integrating ecosystem and society within such a unified lens—that is, socio–ecological system (SES) resilience—clashes with many cornerstone concepts in social science, such as power, democracy, rights, and culture. In short, a landscape cannot provide the same values to everyone. However, can building landscape resilience be an effective and just environmental management strategy? Research on this question is limited. A scoping literature review was conducted first to synthesise and map landscape management change based on 111,653 records. Then, we used the Nuozhadu (NZD) catchment as a case study to validate our findings from the literature. We summarised current critiques and created a framework including seven normative categories, or common difficulties, namely resilience for “whom”, “what”, “when”, “where”, “why”, as well as “can” and “how” we apply resilience normatively. We found that these difficulties are overlooked and avoided despite their instructive roles to achieve just landscape management more transparently. Without clear targets and boundaries in building resilience, we found that some groups consume resources and services at the expense of others. The NZD case demonstrates that a strategy of building the NZD’s resilience has improved the conservation of the NZD’s forest ecosystems but overlooked trade-offs between sustaining people and the environment, and between sustainable development for people at different scales. Future researchers, managers, and decision-makers are thereby needed to think resilience more normatively and address the questions in the “seven difficulties” framework before intervening to build landscape resilience.
Hongzhang Xu; Meng Peng; Jamie Pittock; Jiayu Xu. Managing Rather Than Avoiding “Difficulties” in Building Landscape Resilience. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2629 .
AMA StyleHongzhang Xu, Meng Peng, Jamie Pittock, Jiayu Xu. Managing Rather Than Avoiding “Difficulties” in Building Landscape Resilience. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2629.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHongzhang Xu; Meng Peng; Jamie Pittock; Jiayu Xu. 2021. "Managing Rather Than Avoiding “Difficulties” in Building Landscape Resilience." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2629.
An effective placement of irrigation efficiency in water management will contribute towards meeting the pre-eminent global water challenges of our time such as addressing water scarcity, boosting crop water productivity and reconciling competing water needs between sectors. However, although irrigation efficiency may appear to be a simple measure of performance and imply dramatic positive benefits, it is not straightforward to understand, measure or apply. For example, hydrological understanding that irrigation losses recycle back to surface and groundwater in river basins attempts to account for scale, but this generalisation cannot be readily translated from one location to another or be considered neutral for farmers sharing local irrigation networks. Because irrigation efficiency (IE) motives, measures, effects and technologies play out at different scales for different people, organisations and purposes, and losses differ from place to place and over time, IE is a contested term, highly changeable and subjective. This makes generalisations for science, management and policy difficult. Accordingly, we propose new definitions for IE and irrigation hydrology and introduce a framework, termed an ‘irrigation efficiency matrix’, comprising five spatial scales and ten dimensions to understand and critique the promises, pitfalls and paradoxes of IE and to unlock its utility for addressing contemporary water challenges.
Bruce Lankford; Alvar Closas; James Dalton; Elena López Gunn; Tim Hess; Jerry W Knox; Saskia van der Kooij; Jonathan Lautze; David Molden; Stuart Orr; Jamie Pittock; Brian Richter; Philip J Riddell; Christopher A Scott; Jean-Philippe Venot; Jeroen Vos; Margreet Zwarteveen. A scale-based framework to understand the promises, pitfalls and paradoxes of irrigation efficiency to meet major water challenges. Global Environmental Change 2020, 65, 102182 .
AMA StyleBruce Lankford, Alvar Closas, James Dalton, Elena López Gunn, Tim Hess, Jerry W Knox, Saskia van der Kooij, Jonathan Lautze, David Molden, Stuart Orr, Jamie Pittock, Brian Richter, Philip J Riddell, Christopher A Scott, Jean-Philippe Venot, Jeroen Vos, Margreet Zwarteveen. A scale-based framework to understand the promises, pitfalls and paradoxes of irrigation efficiency to meet major water challenges. Global Environmental Change. 2020; 65 ():102182.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBruce Lankford; Alvar Closas; James Dalton; Elena López Gunn; Tim Hess; Jerry W Knox; Saskia van der Kooij; Jonathan Lautze; David Molden; Stuart Orr; Jamie Pittock; Brian Richter; Philip J Riddell; Christopher A Scott; Jean-Philippe Venot; Jeroen Vos; Margreet Zwarteveen. 2020. "A scale-based framework to understand the promises, pitfalls and paradoxes of irrigation efficiency to meet major water challenges." Global Environmental Change 65, no. : 102182.
Jamie Pittock; Henning Bjornlund; André van Rooyen. Transforming failing smallholder irrigation schemes in Africa: a theory of change. International Journal of Water Resources Development 2020, 36, S1 -S19.
AMA StyleJamie Pittock, Henning Bjornlund, André van Rooyen. Transforming failing smallholder irrigation schemes in Africa: a theory of change. International Journal of Water Resources Development. 2020; 36 (sup1):S1-S19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJamie Pittock; Henning Bjornlund; André van Rooyen. 2020. "Transforming failing smallholder irrigation schemes in Africa: a theory of change." International Journal of Water Resources Development 36, no. sup1: S1-S19.
Deep water floating rice (DW-FR) production has declined substantially across Asia, despite being a source of nutritious, culturally-important and flood-adapted food. Low perceived commercial value, and the desire for increased rice exports, has led to intensified farming of high yielding variety (HYV) rice. We used a commodity-value-chain analysis to investigate the values of DW-FR in Cambodia, Vietnam and Myanmar. Poor communication and value-transference along the supply chain lead to farmers receiving poor returns for DW-FR despite its high ecological, cultural and commercial value in downstream markets. With minor adjustments, DW-FR systems could provide more sustainable livelihoods for farmers and greater food system security. For better returns we suggest implementation of improvements to breeding, farming, transport, processing, better access to finance, improved communication and development of other rice products.
David Dumaresq; Kien van Nguyen; Jamie Pittock; Min Oo; Kimchhin Sok; Tran van Hieu; Louise Blessington. The paradoxical values of traditional deep water floating rice systems. Global Food Security 2020, 26, 100391 .
AMA StyleDavid Dumaresq, Kien van Nguyen, Jamie Pittock, Min Oo, Kimchhin Sok, Tran van Hieu, Louise Blessington. The paradoxical values of traditional deep water floating rice systems. Global Food Security. 2020; 26 ():100391.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Dumaresq; Kien van Nguyen; Jamie Pittock; Min Oo; Kimchhin Sok; Tran van Hieu; Louise Blessington. 2020. "The paradoxical values of traditional deep water floating rice systems." Global Food Security 26, no. : 100391.
At least 88 new hydropower dams are planned between 2010 and 2030 in the lower Mekong River basin in Southeast Asia as a source of electricity with lower greenhouse gas emissions. Dams result in declines in fish populations that will need to be replaced with other sources of protein for food security. We make the first assessment of emissions should beef production substitute for lost fish in Cambodia and Laos. We assessed two sources of emissions. Replacing lost fish with beef would require as much as 12 million hectares of new pasture. Forest clearing for pastures in Cambodia and Lao PDR would initially emit between 0.859 and 3.015 giga‐tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (Gt CO2‐eq.). Methane emissions from additional cattle would add at least 0.0013 Gt CO2‐eq./year to Cambodia's total greenhouse gas emissions, equivalent to a 20% increase. In Laos at least 0.0005 Gt CO2‐eq./year would be released, a 4–12% increase in annual emissions. We demonstrate that activities displaced by hydropower developments could significantly increase emissions. It shows how enclosure of commons at local scales impacts upon other common pool resources at different scales, raising questions for sustainable and equitable transboundary governance.
Ben Galea; Jamie Pittock; Steven Crimp. Greenhouse gas implications of replacing fish protein with beef in the lower Mekong Basin. Asia Pacific Viewpoint 2020, 61, 315 -326.
AMA StyleBen Galea, Jamie Pittock, Steven Crimp. Greenhouse gas implications of replacing fish protein with beef in the lower Mekong Basin. Asia Pacific Viewpoint. 2020; 61 (2):315-326.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBen Galea; Jamie Pittock; Steven Crimp. 2020. "Greenhouse gas implications of replacing fish protein with beef in the lower Mekong Basin." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 61, no. 2: 315-326.
The recent development of high dikes to support rice production, upland crops, cattle rearing, and commercial aquaculture in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta has significantly diminished wild fish catch and aquatic animals that are important food sources for the poor. Changes to agro-ecological systems in An Giang Province during three periods are reviewed: before 1975, when a network of canals was established; during the Doi Moi policy reforms of the 1980s, when a rice-based farming system based on low or August dikes was introduced; and more recently, when a new farming system based on high dikes replaced the low dike system. This most recent transition occurred in parallel with the introduction of large-scale commercial aquaculture and the market economy. Under pressure from government targets and market forces, most farmers are now using the high dikes, fertilizers, pesticides, and pumping technology to produce three rice crops each year. However, the new production systems have severely reduced the habitat available to inland freshwater wild fish and other aquatic food resources. This has negatively impacted nutrition for many poor families who had depended on wild fish caught in the commons for much of their food and offers lessons for development of other tropical delta regions. This paper proposes a research agenda that would investigate the socioeconomic, nutritional, and water and energy use impacts of the changes in production systems that have occurred in rural communities in the Mekong Delta.
Van Kien Nguyen; Jamie Pittock; Daniel Connell. Dikes, rice, and fish: how rapid changes in land use and hydrology have transformed agriculture and subsistence living in the Mekong Delta. Regional Environmental Change 2019, 19, 2069 -2077.
AMA StyleVan Kien Nguyen, Jamie Pittock, Daniel Connell. Dikes, rice, and fish: how rapid changes in land use and hydrology have transformed agriculture and subsistence living in the Mekong Delta. Regional Environmental Change. 2019; 19 (7):2069-2077.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVan Kien Nguyen; Jamie Pittock; Daniel Connell. 2019. "Dikes, rice, and fish: how rapid changes in land use and hydrology have transformed agriculture and subsistence living in the Mekong Delta." Regional Environmental Change 19, no. 7: 2069-2077.
Marine coastal environments are often socially complex public areas that need equitable spatial planning approaches. Understanding the extent of extractive and non-extractive uses and the social dynamics that may be driving patterns of use is essential if the spatial plan is to support the social resilience of a marine area. In this study, a combination of fuzzy-set multi-criteria GIS modelling and negative tie social network analysis were used to explore social uses and conflicts based on sketch-mapping interviews with five key stakeholder groups (ecotourism, Aboriginal Traditional Owners, commercial and recreational fishing, and water sports) within a Marine Protected Area (MPA). Most of the areas within the MPA were regularly used by the stakeholders, with non-extractive and extractive stakeholders occupying similar spatial extents, with each stakeholder group having a different pattern of use. However, stakeholder groups had different levels of perceived priority to access these areas and support of the current spatial management plan, especially within the ecotourism and Aboriginal Traditional Owner groups. The investigation of social conflicts in shaping patterns of use revealed that most stakeholder conflicts do not necessarily occur in areas of overlaps, but generally in areas of high biodiversity and easy access through marine infrastructure. Ecotourism groups had the most perceived conflicts over marine space, which shaped their use towards certain no-take zones that protected high biodiversity and would also provide protection from other conflicting stakeholder uses (e.g., boating, fishing). Overall, the method outlined in this paper presents a way for marine spatial management to consider not only the extent and diversity of social uses in a marine environment but also the spatial-social dynamics that may determine the success of the spatial plan in supporting long-term social resilience.
Mae M. Noble; David Harasti; Jamie Pittock; Bruce Doran. Understanding the spatial diversity of social uses, dynamics, and conflicts in marine spatial planning. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 246, 929 -940.
AMA StyleMae M. Noble, David Harasti, Jamie Pittock, Bruce Doran. Understanding the spatial diversity of social uses, dynamics, and conflicts in marine spatial planning. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 246 ():929-940.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMae M. Noble; David Harasti; Jamie Pittock; Bruce Doran. 2019. "Understanding the spatial diversity of social uses, dynamics, and conflicts in marine spatial planning." Journal of Environmental Management 246, no. : 929-940.
The lack of knowledge about the majority of fish species harvested in Amazonian small-scale fisheries, in association with impacts from hydroelectric power plants, may lead to biodiversity loss and a decrease in the protein food supply for riverine Amazonians. This study uses existing datasets on fisheries and riverine developmental projects to infer effects associated with fish losses where actual data and outcomes are not available. The targeted fish species’ status may be regarded as either threatened or there being no knowledge of their conservation requirements, biology or ecology. Among the 90 Amazonian fish species that are the most important for the diet of the riverine fishers, 78% are not assessed or their biological information is unknown, according to the IUCN Red List. Consequently, the effects created by the thoroughly disregarded trade-off between energy generation and food security in the planning of Amazonian land use have been worsened by the lack of biological and ecological information on fish species.
A. Begossi; S. V. Salivonchyk; Gustavo Hallwass; N. Hanazaki; Priscila Lopes; R. A. M. Silvano; D. Dumaresq; J. Pittock. Fish consumption on the Amazon: a review of biodiversity, hydropower and food security issues. Brazilian Journal of Biology 2019, 79, 345 -357.
AMA StyleA. Begossi, S. V. Salivonchyk, Gustavo Hallwass, N. Hanazaki, Priscila Lopes, R. A. M. Silvano, D. Dumaresq, J. Pittock. Fish consumption on the Amazon: a review of biodiversity, hydropower and food security issues. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2019; 79 (2):345-357.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Begossi; S. V. Salivonchyk; Gustavo Hallwass; N. Hanazaki; Priscila Lopes; R. A. M. Silvano; D. Dumaresq; J. Pittock. 2019. "Fish consumption on the Amazon: a review of biodiversity, hydropower and food security issues." Brazilian Journal of Biology 79, no. 2: 345-357.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for a major reduction in poverty and better stewardship of the environment through action in 17 areas. In Southeast Asia, rapid expansion of water infrastructure is underway, with hydropower increasing energy supply to major urban areas and high dykes enabling increases in rice production. These have severe environmental impacts that governments have been prepared to accept. However, there has been little appreciation of the negative effects of this water infrastructure development on food security. Research in the Mekong River basin shows that hydropower and intensive rice development significantly diminish wild freshwater fisheries. In focusing on the supply of calories, governments have overlooked the importance of fish in supplying protein and other essential nutrients in the food supply, especially for the rural poor. Our projections for the lower Mekong nations suggest that diminished freshwater fisheries will have knock-on effects with shortfalls in proteins being replaced through deforestation for livestock or protein-rich crop production, resource-intensive aquaculture and imports of stock feeds and meats. This chapter highlights the need for decision-makers in developing countries to better understand the synergies and negative trade-offs between sectoral policies (such as biodiversity, energy, food and health) when considering how to meet the SDGs. Myanmar has an opportunity to learn from the successes and mistakes made in managing the resources of the Mekong River basin as it decides how the resources of the Irrawaddy and Salween River basins will be managed in future.
Jamie Pittock. Trade-Offs Between Hydropower Development and Food Security in River Management. Population, Development, and the Environment 2019, 53 -68.
AMA StyleJamie Pittock. Trade-Offs Between Hydropower Development and Food Security in River Management. Population, Development, and the Environment. 2019; ():53-68.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJamie Pittock. 2019. "Trade-Offs Between Hydropower Development and Food Security in River Management." Population, Development, and the Environment , no. : 53-68.
New evidence of impacts by feral horses in Australia's alpine parks systems confirms they endanger threatened species and extensively damage critically endangered bog communities that could take millennia to recover. These impacts are not confounded by effects of deer and accumulate over time, even when only a small number of feral horses (~100) are present. With protected areas representing only a small proportion of the area of the Australian states of New South Wales (9.3%) and Victoria (17%), allowing feral horses to degrade reserves is not a reasonable management compromise, is contrary to the purpose of the protected area system and conflicts with international obligations. Modelling and decades of management experience indicate that trapping alone does not control feral horse numbers. Trapping and fertility control can work in small populations, but not when there are several thousand horses in remote areas. Aerial culling is needed to cost‐effectively and humanely control feral horse populations. The relatively small amount of suffering feral horses experience during a cull is outweighed by (i) avoiding suffering and death of horses from starvation and thirst, (ii) avoiding the suffering of native animals displaced by horses and (iii) avoiding the ethical concerns of driving threatened species towards extinction. Objections to aerial culling on welfare and cultural grounds are contradicted by evidence. Improving knowledge in the general community about what is at stake is long overdue because without this knowledge, small groups with vested interests and unfounded claims have been able to dominate debate and dictate management actions. As a result of ineffective management, horse populations are now expanding and causing well‐documented damage to Australia's alpine parks, placing at risk almost $10M spent on restoration after livestock grazing ended. The costs of horse control and restoration escalate the longer large horse populations remain in the alpine parks. It is crucial that feral horse numbers are rapidly reduced to levels where ecosystems begin to recover. Aerial culling is needed as part of the toolbox to achieve that reduction.
Don A. Driscoll; Graeme L. Worboys; Hugh Allan; Sam C. Banks; Nicholas J. Beeton; Rebecca C. Cherubin; Tim S. Doherty; C. Max Finlayson; Ken Green; Renée Hartley; Geoffrey Hope; Chris N. Johnson; Mark Lintermans; Brendan Mackey; David J. Paull; Jamie Pittock; Luciana L. Porfirio; Euan G. Ritchie; Chloe F. Sato; Ben C. Scheele; Deirdre A. Slattery; Susanna Venn; David Watson; Maggie J. Watson; Richard M. Williams. Impacts of feral horses in the Australian Alps and evidence‐based solutions. Ecological Management & Restoration 2019, 20, 63 -72.
AMA StyleDon A. Driscoll, Graeme L. Worboys, Hugh Allan, Sam C. Banks, Nicholas J. Beeton, Rebecca C. Cherubin, Tim S. Doherty, C. Max Finlayson, Ken Green, Renée Hartley, Geoffrey Hope, Chris N. Johnson, Mark Lintermans, Brendan Mackey, David J. Paull, Jamie Pittock, Luciana L. Porfirio, Euan G. Ritchie, Chloe F. Sato, Ben C. Scheele, Deirdre A. Slattery, Susanna Venn, David Watson, Maggie J. Watson, Richard M. Williams. Impacts of feral horses in the Australian Alps and evidence‐based solutions. Ecological Management & Restoration. 2019; 20 (1):63-72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDon A. Driscoll; Graeme L. Worboys; Hugh Allan; Sam C. Banks; Nicholas J. Beeton; Rebecca C. Cherubin; Tim S. Doherty; C. Max Finlayson; Ken Green; Renée Hartley; Geoffrey Hope; Chris N. Johnson; Mark Lintermans; Brendan Mackey; David J. Paull; Jamie Pittock; Luciana L. Porfirio; Euan G. Ritchie; Chloe F. Sato; Ben C. Scheele; Deirdre A. Slattery; Susanna Venn; David Watson; Maggie J. Watson; Richard M. Williams. 2019. "Impacts of feral horses in the Australian Alps and evidence‐based solutions." Ecological Management & Restoration 20, no. 1: 63-72.
Rice intensification programs target poverty reduction and improved food availability in Asia. Vietnam adopted a rice intensification policy aimed at a rice surplus for export by the 1990s. The intensification policy replaced an annual wet season crop with two to three High Yielding Variety (HYV) rice crops a year. These multiple annual crops required changes in hydraulic systems in areas such as the Mekong Delta (MD) with the introduction of low and high dikes for wet season flood control and dry season irrigation. This study examines the impacts of rice intensification and hydraulic changes in the MD between the 1990s and 2000s on rural household food sources, both wild and cultivated. Across study sites representing three flood management regimes, 165 households were sampled for data on household demographics, the collection and consumption of fish, other aquatic animals, wild and cultivated vegetables and fruit, and other food sources. The results indicate that rice intensification programs and dike construction have significantly increased rice production. However, farm household catch, collection and consumption of wild foods has decreased. Household use of wild fish, other aquatic animals, and wild vegetables was reduced significantly over the period. Significant wet and dry season variation in food availability emerged. Poor households experienced most loss. Overall household food security was affected. This study suggests that rice intensification policies aimed at global food security need to balance wider population access to a food staple with the need for rice farming communities to maintain access to high quality wild foods obtained from the fields and waterways of rice farming landscapes.
Van Kien Nguyen; David Dumaresq; Jamie Pittock. Impacts of rice intensification on rural households in the Mekong Delta: emerging relationships between agricultural production, wild food supply and food consumption. Food Security 2018, 10, 1615 -1629.
AMA StyleVan Kien Nguyen, David Dumaresq, Jamie Pittock. Impacts of rice intensification on rural households in the Mekong Delta: emerging relationships between agricultural production, wild food supply and food consumption. Food Security. 2018; 10 (6):1615-1629.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVan Kien Nguyen; David Dumaresq; Jamie Pittock. 2018. "Impacts of rice intensification on rural households in the Mekong Delta: emerging relationships between agricultural production, wild food supply and food consumption." Food Security 10, no. 6: 1615-1629.
Irrigation has been promoted as a strategy to reduce poverty and improve livelihoods in southern Africa. Households’ livelihood strategies within small-scale irrigation schemes have become increasingly complex and diversified. Strategies consist of farm income from rain-fed and irrigated cropping as well as livestock and an increasing dependence on off-farm income. The success of these strategies depends on the household’s ability to make decisions about how to utilize its’ financial, labour, land and water resources. This study explores the dynamics of decision-making in households on-farm household income within six small-scale irrigation schemes, across three southern African countries. Household survey data (n = 402) was analyzed using ordered probit and ordinary least squares regression. Focus group discussions and field observations provided qualitative data on decision-making in the six schemes. We found strong support for the notion that decision-making dynamics strongly influence total household income. Households make trade-offs between irrigation, dryland, livestock and off-farm work when they allocate their labour resources to maximize household income; as opposed to maximizing the income from any individual component of their livelihood strategy, such as irrigation. Combined with the impact of the small plot size of irrigated land, this is likely to result in sub-optimal benefits from expensive investments in irrigation infrastructure. Policy-makers must consider this when developing and implementing new policies.
Henning Bjornlund; Alec Zuo; Sarah Ann Wheeler; Karen Parry; Jamie Pittock; Makarius Mdemu; Martin Moyo. The dynamics of the relationship between household decision-making and farm household income in small-scale irrigation schemes in southern Africa. Agricultural Water Management 2018, 213, 135 -145.
AMA StyleHenning Bjornlund, Alec Zuo, Sarah Ann Wheeler, Karen Parry, Jamie Pittock, Makarius Mdemu, Martin Moyo. The dynamics of the relationship between household decision-making and farm household income in small-scale irrigation schemes in southern Africa. Agricultural Water Management. 2018; 213 ():135-145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenning Bjornlund; Alec Zuo; Sarah Ann Wheeler; Karen Parry; Jamie Pittock; Makarius Mdemu; Martin Moyo. 2018. "The dynamics of the relationship between household decision-making and farm household income in small-scale irrigation schemes in southern Africa." Agricultural Water Management 213, no. : 135-145.
Keystone species can provide a focal point for designing conservation and management strategies that protect a diversity of social–ecological values in aquatic ecosystems; however, to avoid bias towards a subset of values associated with a single activity, such as fishing, stakeholder consultations must cover a spectrum of social perspectives. Using the Murray crayfish (Euastacus armatus) as a model, this study explored how Aboriginal Traditional Owners, landowners, tourism businesses, scientific researchers, non‐governmental organizations, and government agencies valued this threatened freshwater species across south‐east Australia. Qualitative methods revealed that E. armatus is a culturally significant species, targeted for fishing, but is also valued for a range of non‐extractive reasons that support social–ecological linkages between people and freshwater ecosystems. Perceived as an iconic species by most stakeholders, there was general support for E. armatus to be used as a flagship for conserving a spectrum of social–ecological values (e.g. Aboriginal Traditional Owner totem species), attached to their local freshwater ecosystems. Although stakeholders were conflicted over whether fishing should continue, four themes emerged on how to develop more equitable and effective conservation and management strategies: increased public education, co‐management with non‐government stakeholders, federal government co‐ordination, and spatial protection of critical areas. The protection of aquatic species in ways that support their full range of cultural, economic, and ecological values will require more bottom‐up (i.e. stakeholder‐led) approaches to conservation and management design. Broader stakeholder engagement and co‐management should reduce perceptions that local stakeholders are isolated from management processes, while increasing the capacity and confidence of managers to implement strategies that bolster both the social and ecological resilience of aquatic ecosystems.
Mae M. Noble; Christopher J. Fulton; Jamie Pittock. Looking beyond fishing: Conservation of keystone freshwater species to support a diversity of socio-economic values. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 2018, 28, 1424 -1433.
AMA StyleMae M. Noble, Christopher J. Fulton, Jamie Pittock. Looking beyond fishing: Conservation of keystone freshwater species to support a diversity of socio-economic values. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. 2018; 28 (6):1424-1433.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMae M. Noble; Christopher J. Fulton; Jamie Pittock. 2018. "Looking beyond fishing: Conservation of keystone freshwater species to support a diversity of socio-economic values." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 28, no. 6: 1424-1433.
The river basin organisation (RBO) model has been advocated as organisational best practice for sustainable river basin management, despite scant evidence of its effectiveness to manage complex river systems. This review provides a framework which combines functional social-institutional capacities with basin biophysical indicators in a diagnostic tool to determine RBO governance performance. Each of these two capacities are represented by four groups of indicators respectively covering social learning capacity and biophysical capacity. The distance and alignment between capacity and measure of performance scores can be used to prioritise program planning and resource allocation for improving river basin governance, and to undertake periodic evaluations as part of a trajectory analysis. The diagnostic functional framework provides tangible indicators of performance around key concepts in river basin governance. It offers a first attempt to strengthen the position and effectiveness of an RBO in dealing with complex adaptive systems.
Frederick Bouckaert; Yongping Wei; Karen Hussey; Jamie Pittock; Ray Ison. Improving the role of river basin organisations in sustainable river basin governance by linking social institutional capacity and basin biophysical capacity. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 2018, 33, 70 -79.
AMA StyleFrederick Bouckaert, Yongping Wei, Karen Hussey, Jamie Pittock, Ray Ison. Improving the role of river basin organisations in sustainable river basin governance by linking social institutional capacity and basin biophysical capacity. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2018; 33 ():70-79.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrederick Bouckaert; Yongping Wei; Karen Hussey; Jamie Pittock; Ray Ison. 2018. "Improving the role of river basin organisations in sustainable river basin governance by linking social institutional capacity and basin biophysical capacity." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 33, no. : 70-79.
Better wetland conservation law can be informed by lessons from Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin. The legal character of water entitlements is critical for ensuring that water is available to adequately sustain wetlands. Better management has been informed by national harmonization of water data collection and providing public access to this information. An independent statutory manager of environmental water in the Federal Government has ensured that environmental water is protected are used to conserve wetlands. Domestic law has been considerably strengthened by drawing on international treaties, especially the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Overlapping roles of federal and state governments have hindered some conservation initiatives but have also ensured some level of wetland conservation continues at one level of government when the other level of government does not do so. As direct government action has become more financially and politically constrained, businesses, community organizations, and Indigenous peoples have been enabled to play greater roles in conservation of wetlands. This broader approach to wetlands governance has generated more innovative approaches and stakeholder support for wetland conservation.
Jamie Pittock. Murray-Darling Basin: Conservation and Law. The Wetland Book 2018, 561 -569.
AMA StyleJamie Pittock. Murray-Darling Basin: Conservation and Law. The Wetland Book. 2018; ():561-569.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJamie Pittock. 2018. "Murray-Darling Basin: Conservation and Law." The Wetland Book , no. : 561-569.
The wetlands of the Murray–Darling Basin (the Basin) in Australia are the focus of this article. Beginning with a description of the Basin’s wetlands, the climate and hydrology are outlined as a point for discussing the threats to wetlands conservation, management responses, and future challenges.
Jamie Pittock. Murray-Darling River Basin (Australia). The Wetland Book 2018, 1887 -1896.
AMA StyleJamie Pittock. Murray-Darling River Basin (Australia). The Wetland Book. 2018; ():1887-1896.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJamie Pittock. 2018. "Murray-Darling River Basin (Australia)." The Wetland Book , no. : 1887-1896.