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Pranta Das
Department of Statistics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

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Review
Published: 07 July 2021 in COVID
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One major micronutrient studied for its possible protective effect against the COVID-19 disease is vitamin D. This systematic review sought to identify and synthesize available evidence to aid the understanding of the possible effect of vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19 status and health outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Three databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) were systematically used to obtain English language journal articles published between 1 December 2019 and 3 November 2020. The search consisted of the terms (“Vitamin D,” OR “25-Hydroxyvitamin D,” OR “Low vitamin D.”) AND (“COVID-19” OR “2019-nCoV” OR “Coronavirus” OR “SARS-CoV-2”) AND (“disease severity” OR “IMV” OR “ICU admission” OR “mortality” OR “hospitalization” OR “infection”). We followed the recommended PRISMA guidelines in executing this study. After going through the screening of the articles, eleven articles were included in the review. All the included studies reported a positive association between vitamin D sufficiency and improved COVID-19 disease outcomes. On the other hand, vitamin D deficiency was associated with poor COVID-19 disease outcomes. Specifically, two studies found that vitamin D-deficient patients were more likely to die from COVID-19 compared to vitamin D-sufficient patients. Three studies showed that vitamin D-deficient people were more likely to develop severe COVID-19 disease compared to vitamin D-sufficient people. Furthermore, six studies found that vitamin D-deficient people were more likely to be COVID-19 infected compared to vitamin D-sufficient people. Findings from these studies suggest that vitamin D may serve as a mitigating effect for COVID-19 infection, severity, and mortality. The current evidence supports the recommendations for people to eat foods rich in vitamin D such as fish, red meat, liver, and egg yolks. The evidence also supports the provision of vitamin D supplements to individuals with COVID-19 disease and those at risk of COVID-19 infection in order to boost their immunity and improve health outcomes.

ACS Style

Pranta Das; Nandeeta Samad; Bright Ahinkorah; John Hagan; Prince Peprah; Aliu Mohammed; Abdul-Aziz Seidu. Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency on COVID-19 Status: A Systematic Review. COVID 2021, 1, 97 -104.

AMA Style

Pranta Das, Nandeeta Samad, Bright Ahinkorah, John Hagan, Prince Peprah, Aliu Mohammed, Abdul-Aziz Seidu. Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency on COVID-19 Status: A Systematic Review. COVID. 2021; 1 (1):97-104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pranta Das; Nandeeta Samad; Bright Ahinkorah; John Hagan; Prince Peprah; Aliu Mohammed; Abdul-Aziz Seidu. 2021. "Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency on COVID-19 Status: A Systematic Review." COVID 1, no. 1: 97-104.

Preprint content
Published: 12 April 2021
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Introduction Non-academic achievements are equally prioritized along with academic achievements throughout the world and similarly in Bangladesh. But there are no literature addressing which factors are influencing student’s non-academic achievements. As a result, this study was conducted in order to find which factors are influencing student’s academic achievements. Methods The data for the study was collected through an online google form. The link of the google form was shared through different social networking sites and the responses were completely voluntary. The non-academic achievement score was the response variable of the study which was calculated from the different criterion of the non-academic achievements. Residence, parent’s socio-economic status and encourages or not were inspected as the potential factors influencing non-academic achievements. Regression model was built between response and explanatory variables using backward elimination technique to select which factors are influencing non-academic achievements. Results Among the potential factors final model suggests that only father’s education level, parent’s total monthly income and whether parent’s encourage to extra-curricular activities or not were found as responsible factors influencing student’s non-academic achievements. Conclusion As the factors- father’s educational status, parent’s monthly total income- are beyond the control so what all the parents can do is to encourage their children to do extra-curricular activities as this may lead to more non-academic achievements in the life of their children. Initiative should be taken to build awareness among the parents so that they can understand the importance of non-academic achievements as well as encouraging their children to do extra-curricular activities.

ACS Style

Rabiul; Hasibur Rahman; Maksuda Aktar Toma; Pranta Das. Factors influencing non-academic achievements of the Bangladeshi students- An online questionnaire based study. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Rabiul, Hasibur Rahman, Maksuda Aktar Toma, Pranta Das. Factors influencing non-academic achievements of the Bangladeshi students- An online questionnaire based study. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rabiul; Hasibur Rahman; Maksuda Aktar Toma; Pranta Das. 2021. "Factors influencing non-academic achievements of the Bangladeshi students- An online questionnaire based study." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 28 March 2021 in European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education
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Intimate partner violence has been associated with numerous consequences for women, including pregnancy termination. This study examined the association between predictive capacity of intimate partner violence and pregnancy termination among women in Armenia. The study analyzed the 2015–16 Armenia Demographic and Health Survey (ADHS) data on women aged 15–49 (Mean: 31.49; Standard Deviation, SD: 9.51). Marital control exercised by husbands, ever experienced physical violence, sexual violence, and emotional violence by husbands were the four indicators of intimate partner violence used in this study. To assess the association between intimate partner violence and pregnancy termination, a binary logistic regression model was fitted. After controlling for confounders, we found that women whose husbands exercised marital control were 26% more likely to experience pregnancy termination, compared to women whose husbands did not exercise marital control (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.26, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.53). Women who ever experienced sexual violence were about 10 times likely to experience pregnancy termination than women who did not experience sexual violence (aOR: 9.76, 95% CI: 1.91–49.96). Both ever experienced physical violence and emotional violence did not have any significant associations with pregnancy termination. Forms of intimate partner violence are associated with pregnancy termination. The findings of this study provide evidence for government and policymakers to formulate, modify, and implement policies and program that target both men and women regarding the prevailing intimate partner violence and its consequences. Strengthening the policy implementation will ensure that women are empowered to make decisions about their reproductive health. Making husbands and their family members aware of the basics and consequences of intimate partner violence and focusing on child cognitive development which can be hampered due to the prevalence violence in families are recommended.

ACS Style

Nandeeta Samad; Pranta Das; Bright Ahinkorah; Abdul-Aziz Seidu; James Frimpong; Joshua Okyere; John Hagan; Mohammad Nabi; Mohammad Hawlader. Intimate Partner Violence and Pregnancy Termination in Armenia: Evidence from Nationally-Representative Survey Data. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 2021, 11, 294 -302.

AMA Style

Nandeeta Samad, Pranta Das, Bright Ahinkorah, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, James Frimpong, Joshua Okyere, John Hagan, Mohammad Nabi, Mohammad Hawlader. Intimate Partner Violence and Pregnancy Termination in Armenia: Evidence from Nationally-Representative Survey Data. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education. 2021; 11 (2):294-302.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nandeeta Samad; Pranta Das; Bright Ahinkorah; Abdul-Aziz Seidu; James Frimpong; Joshua Okyere; John Hagan; Mohammad Nabi; Mohammad Hawlader. 2021. "Intimate Partner Violence and Pregnancy Termination in Armenia: Evidence from Nationally-Representative Survey Data." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 11, no. 2: 294-302.

Review
Published: 03 December 2020
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BackgroundOne major micronutrient known to have a possible protective effect against COVID-19 disease is vitamin D. This systematic review sought to identify and synthesise available evidence to aid the understanding of the possible effect of vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19 status and health outcomes in COVID-19 patients.MethodsThree databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched systematically to obtain English language journal article published within 1/12/2019 and 3/11/2020. The search consisted of the terms (“Vitamin D,” OR “25□Hydroxyvitamin D,” OR “Low Vitamin D.”) AND (“COVID-19” OR “2019-nCoV” OR “Coronavirus” OR “SARS-CoV-2”) AND (“disease severity” OR “IMV” OR “ICU admission” OR “mortality” OR “hospitalization” OR “infection”). We followed the recommended PRISMA guidelines in executing this study. After going through the screening of the articles, eleven articles were included in the review.FindingsAlmost all the included studies reported a positive association between Vitamin D sufficiency and COVID-19 status and health outcomes. Vitamin D deficient patients (< 25 ng/mL) are 5.84 times [aOR=6.84, p=0.01] more likely to die from COVID-19 compared to the vitamin D sufficient people. Another study also found that Vitamin D deficiency is associated with higher risk of death with Hazard ratio (HR) 14.73, p=30 ng/mL.ConclusionFindings from the study included suggest Vitamin D may serve as a mitigating effect for covid-19 infection, severity and mortality. We recommend the need to encourage people to eat foods rich in vitamin D such as fish, red meat, liver and egg yolks whiles at the same time providing vitamin D supplements for individuals with COVID-19 in order to boost their immune systems.

ACS Style

Pranta Das; Nandeeta Samad; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Prince Peprah; Aliu Mohammed; Abdul-Aziz Seidu. Effect of Vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19 status: A systematic review. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Pranta Das, Nandeeta Samad, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Prince Peprah, Aliu Mohammed, Abdul-Aziz Seidu. Effect of Vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19 status: A systematic review. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pranta Das; Nandeeta Samad; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Prince Peprah; Aliu Mohammed; Abdul-Aziz Seidu. 2020. "Effect of Vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19 status: A systematic review." , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 30 November 2020
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BackgroundThis meta-analysis sought to determine the estimated association between obesity and adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients.MethodsWe followed the recommended PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect for published literature between December 1, 2019, and October 2, 2020. The data for the study were pooled from studies that contained the search terms “Obesity” AND (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV or Coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2) AND (“ICU admission” OR “Hospitalization” OR “Disease severity” OR “Invasive mechanical ventilator” OR “Death” OR “Mortality”). All the online searches were supplemented by reference screening of retrieved studies for additional literature. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) from the retrieved studies were calculated using the random effect model (Inverse-Variance method).FindingsFive studies with a combined sample size of 335,192 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled OR from the final analysis showed that patients who are severely obese were more likely to experience adverse outcome (death or ICU admission or needing IMV or hospitalization) compared to the normal patients [OR = 2.81, 95% CI = 2.33 – 3.40, I2 = 29%].ConclusionSevere obesity is a risk factor in developing adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients. The finding of the study signifies promotive, preventive, and curative attention to be accorded patients diagnosed with severe obesity and COVID-19.

ACS Style

Pranta Das; Nandeeta Samad; Abdul-Aziz Seidu; Richard Gyan Aboagye; Justice Kanor Tetteh; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah. Obesity as a predictor for adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Pranta Das, Nandeeta Samad, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Justice Kanor Tetteh, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah. Obesity as a predictor for adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pranta Das; Nandeeta Samad; Abdul-Aziz Seidu; Richard Gyan Aboagye; Justice Kanor Tetteh; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah. 2020. "Obesity as a predictor for adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 23 September 2020
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The use of social networking sites has been rapidly increased among college and university students. Over time, social networking sites have solely become tools for creating content, sharing information, and an endless source of learning for the students. This study aims to know the influence of social networking sites on students feeling toward social media. In this online questionnaire-based study, 207 students from different universities and colleges provided information regarding their feeling toward social media. The differences in feeling for social networking sites- Facebook and YouTube- are analyzed and reported. The result obtained from the simple main effect test showed that differences in feelings exist for both social networking sites. The usage pattern of these social networking sites can have an impact on the feeling toward social media. The results show that the high-usage group has the highest mean value of feeling for both social networking sites. This suggests that Facebook and YouTube should build a strategy to convert its low and moderate users to high users to increase its reputation and number of users.

ACS Style

Pranta Das. Influence of social networking sites on feeling towards social media among the students of Bangladesh. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Pranta Das. Influence of social networking sites on feeling towards social media among the students of Bangladesh. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pranta Das. 2020. "Influence of social networking sites on feeling towards social media among the students of Bangladesh." , no. : 1.