Methyl mercaptan is a sulfur-based chemical found as a co-product in produced natural gas and it causes corrosion in pipelines, storage tanks, catalysts, and solid adsorption beds. To improve the quality of methane produced, researchers have studied the use of metal oxides and aluminum silicates as catalysts for removing mercaptan. However, there are restrictive limitations on the efficiency of metal oxides or aluminum silicates as adsorbents for this application. Therefore, this study investigated the performance of these materials in a fixed-bed reactor with simulated natural gas streams under various operating conditions. The testing procedure includes a detailed assessment of the adsorbent/catalysts by several techniques, such as Braeuer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The results revealed that metal oxides such as copper, manganese, and zinc performed well in methyl mercaptan elimination. The addition of manganese, copper, and zinc oxides to the aluminum silicate surface resulted in a sulfur capacity of 1226 mg S/g of catalyst. These findings provide critical insights for the development of catalysts that combine metal oxides to increase adsorption while reducing the production of byproducts like dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) during methyl mercaptan removal.

The leakage of hydrocarbon fluids through cracks in the annular cement and CO₂ storage is a major concern to the Petroleum Industry. A significant risk is posed when repairing leakage in a micro annuli channel with smaller apertures. A low-viscosity sealant that can generate a long-lasting resilient seal is desired. The solution to sealing these channels might lie in a novel application using nano-silica Gel. In this study, laboratory tests were carried out to examine the capabilities of nano-silica gels to seal the cracks. Analyzing its rheological property, the gel strengths of nano-silica gels were found to increase with an increase in nano-silica concentration. Additionally, it was discovered that as the concentration of nano-silica increases, the sealing and leakage pressures, defined as the pressures before and after water breakthrough, respectively, increase as well. With a typical 15% concentration of nano silica in gel, a sealing pressure gradient of 80.2 psi/in and a leakage pressure gradient of 30 psi/in at a leaking rate of 1 cc/min were noted. To validate the validity of the experimental results, a mathematical model was developed to predict the leakage rate of sealed fractures. The model suggests that the young’s modulus of sealant is a key property of nano-sealants and further investigations are needed to validate the mathematical model for quantitative use. This study suggests a novel strategy for enhancing cement zonal isolation and reducing cement failure in oil and gas sector.

Cement cracks are one of the most common failures in oil and gas wells. Cracks can reduce cement strength, resulting in a loss of zonal isolation and fluid leak. Placement of gels of nanoparticles (NPs) in the cracks is considered as a promising solution to solve the problem. It is highly desirable to know if the flow behavior of the NPs solutions is predictable when they are squeezed into the cracks. Experimental tests were performed in this study to investigate the flow behavior of nano-silica solutions in ducts of cross-sections of rectangular shape. The linear relationship between flow rate and pressure gradient and the calculated Reynolds number values suggests laminar flow in the ducts. However, the Hagen–Poiseuille correlation for laminar flow does not describe the flow behavior of the nano-silica solution. The classic hydraulic model with hydraulic diameter describes the nano-silica flow behavior with an average error of 12.38%. The cause of discrepancies between the flow models and the measured data is not known. It can be attributed to the NPs–NPs frictions and NPs–wall frictions in the rough ducts that were not considered in the flow models.

Passive cooling of electronics systems requires the use of fins and spines. Improved heat transfer enhancements in the systems have been achieved through porosity, magnetic field, functionally graded materials, etc. However, the space and time-dependent analysis of passive device with inherent nonlinearities and explorations of conditions at the tip have not been fully presented. Therefore, this work presents an application of hybrid computation analysis using combined methods of Laplace transformation and Legendre wavelet collocation to the space and time-dependent nonlinear thermal models of a longitudinal conductive-radiative functionally graded extended surface. The spatial-dependent thermal conductivity is considered for three different cases. The present analysis results demonstrated good agreement with numerical results. The significances of the model's pertinent parameters on the fin’s performance are thoroughly considered and scrutinized with the aid of graphical illustrations. The fin tip thermal response decreases with an increase in conductive-convective parameters, but it increases as time progresses. The in-homogeneity index is directly proportional to the FGM fin temperature. However, the convective term is inversely proportional to the fin’s thermal distribution. The fin temperature under quadratic-law heat conductivity of the passive device shows an enhanced performance of lower thermal distribution than the linear- and exponential-law heat conductivity. Ultimately, the study provides a very useful in the design of the fin with FGM.

Understanding the behavior of the borehole temperature recovery process, which influences drilling operations, requires an adequate estimation of fluid temperature. The presence of salt in a saline formation changes the composition of the annular fluid and has a significant impact on the fluid temperature distribution during drilling operations. As a result, while drilling a saline formation, it is vital to examine the key parameter that determines an accurate estimate of fluid temperature. Using python software and statistical quantitative methods, this study proposes a simplified user-friendly computational system that analyzes the drilling fluid systems performance evaluation and selection optimization.The fluid temperature distribution of X Field in China was analyzed using Shan mathematical model as a base model. When compared to MWD data from the field, the model predicted the temperature distribution of the field with less than 10% error. An adjustment factor was introduced to the base model to accommodate for changes in annular fluid composition while drilling a saline formation. The findings show that salt concentration has an impact on fluid temperature distribution during drilling. The fluid temperature at the wellbore condition changes by at least 7% with both high and low adjustment factors. Because the salt in the formation inflow dissolves in the drilling fluid near the annulus, the rheology of the fluid combination changes.

Methyl Mercaptan is a sulfur-based chemical found as a co-product in produced natural gas and causes corrosion in pipelines, storage tanks, catalysts, and solid adsorption beds. To improve the quality of methane produced, researchers studied the use of metal oxides and aluminum silicates as catalysts for removing mercaptan. However, there are restricted limitations on the efficiency of metal oxides or aluminum silicates as adsorbents for this particular application. Therefore, this study investigated the performance of these materials in a fixed-bed reactor with simulated natural gas streams under various operating conditions. The testing procedure includes a detailed assessment of the adsorbent/catalysts by several techniques, such as Braeuer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The result revealed that metal oxides such as copper, manganese, and zinc performed well in methyl mercaptan elimination. The addition of manganese, copper, and zinc oxides to the aluminum silicate surface resulted in a sulfur capacity of 1226 mg S/g of catalyst. These findings provide critical insights for the development of catalysts that combine metal oxides to increase adsorption while reducing the production of byproducts like dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) during methyl mercaptan removal.