Background and Objectives: The treatment of advanced and metastatic lung cancer is multimodal, and it is coordinated by a multidisciplinary team. Anxiety and depression occur frequently in patients with lung cancer, creating considerable discomfort in therapeutic management. At the same time, these psychoemotional symptoms affect the patients’ quality of life. Objective: This research seeks to identify correlations both between anxiety and depression and the patients’ performance statuses, as well as between anxiety and depression and the type of treatment: radiotherapy, chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), immunotherapy and palliative care. Materials and Methods: The study evaluated 105 patients with lung cancer from two oncologic centers. Patients were assessed for anxiety and depression using the questionnaire Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The HADS is a self-report rating scale of 14 items. It measures anxiety and depression, and has two subscales. There are seven items for each subscale. There are 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 3. For each subscale, the score is the sum of the seven items, ranging from 0 to 21. Results: The most powerful correlation with statistical significance was observed between the IT type of treatment (immunotherapy) and the normal level of anxiety, PC = 0.82 (p < 0.001) as well as the normal level of depression. Palliative treatment was correlated with anxiety and depression, both borderline and abnormal. For ECOG 3–4 performance status and abnormal anxiety, respectively, abnormal depression was significantly associated. Also, continuous hospitalization was associated with abnormal anxiety and depression. Conclusions: Early assessments of anxiety and depression are necessary in patients with advanced and metastatic lung cancer, with unfavorable performance status, who have been admitted to continuous hospitalization, and who require palliative care.

Even if serotyping based on O antigens is still routinely used by most laboratories for the detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, this method can provide false-positive reactions, due to the high diversity of O antigens. Molecular methods represent a valuable tool that clarifies these situations. In the Bacteriology Laboratory of Mureș County Hospital, between May 2016 and July 2019, 160 diarrheagenic E. coli strains were isolated from children under 2 years old with diarrheic disease. The strains were identified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)/enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) via agglutination with polyvalent sera. STEC strains were serotyped using monovalent sera for serogroup O157. Simplex PCR was performed on the strains to determine the presence of the hlyA gene, and, for the positive ones, the hemolytic activity was tested. Antibiotic susceptibility of the identified diarrheagenic E. coli strains was also investigated. STEC strains were the most frequently identified (49.1%), followed by EPEC (40.2%). The hlyA gene was identified in 12 cases, representing 18.2% of the STEC strains. Even if the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains represented only 10%, a relevant percentage of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains (24%) was identified.

Background: Advances in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in the last 5 years (new techniques in radiotherapy, including stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, new targeted therapies and advances in immunotherapy) have increased the survival rates of patients diagnosed with this disease. Methods: Our study refers to a patient diagnosed in July 2017 with stage IV A lung cancer, cT3 N3 M1b (poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, EGFR, ALK and PDL 1 negative), who underwent five lines of treatment and who has, at the time of writing this article (March 2025), a very good performance status, currently undergoing maintenance chemotherapy. Results: The results obtained confirm the revolutionary role of immunotherapy, but also the importance of chemotherapy and external radiotherapy, suggesting the synergistic effect between these three therapies. We also performed a literature review, highlighting the resistance to immunotherapy, rechallenge with immunotherapy, progression of metastatic NSCLC after first-line chemo-immunotherapy and the role of chemotherapy in line II and III after progression of NSCLC to immunotherapy. Conclusions: Results of studies evaluating new agents and their combinations, along with analysis of the mechanisms of evolution of primary and acquired resistance to immunotherapy are awaited, with the aim of selective and personalized treatment options to improve the survival and the quality of life for this category of patients.

Background and Objectives: The management of patients with multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) is performed by a multidisciplinary team whose purpose is to individualize the treatment plan and to determine the strategies that will improve the patient’s care. The most commonly encountered malignancies are prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, lung, and bladder cancer. Prostate cancer may be synchronous or metachronous with other cancer sites. The risk factors for MPMs are viral infections, genetic factors, environmental factors, and oncological treatments (chemotherapy and radiotherapy). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 26 patients with either synchronous or metachronous prostate cancer with another cancer site, registered at “Sf. Apostol Andrei” County Emergency Hospital in Galati, Romania, over a 15-year time interval (2010–2025).This paper presents the clinical and therapeutic characteristics and the staging of synchronous/metachronous cancer sites. The stage of the disease was analyzed along with the time interval between the first cancer site and the second or the third cancer site occurrence; the undergone treatment was a multimodal one. Results: This paper discusses the analyzed cases and presents the articles published in the specialty literature regarding the stage of synchronous or metachronous prostate cancer with one or more cancer sites. The most common sites are presented, along with the importance of follow-up and a complex therapeutic management depending on the stage of primary tumors. Conclusions: This series represents a cohort study regarding synchronous/metachronous prostate cancer with other cancer sites (26 cases over a 15-year time period). This case series adds more experience to the already existing experience in the literature, providing guidelines to clinicians in order to make the right decisions regarding the treatment of this disease.

Introduction: The occurrence of a second primary lung cancer after head and neck cancer is a challenge for multidisciplinary teams, since the development of a second lung cancer negatively affects the survival rate of patients with head and neck cancer. Case Presentation: This article presents the case of a patient with a double location of cancer: inoperable stage III nasopharyngeal carcinoma, biopsied in December 2017 (non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma), treated by means of radiotherapy and chemotherapy (2018–2021), and stage IV lung cancer (squamous carcinoma) with lung metastases, diagnosed in December 2021, treated using polychemotherapy, subsequent maintenance monochemotherapy, radiotherapy of the thorax, and subsequent maintenance monochemotherapy with a favorable result. The patient was still under treatment as of February 2025, the date of the preparation of the current article. Discussion and Literature Review: Regarding the location of the second metachronous cancer, studies show that the most frequent locations are the lungs and the esophagus, with the main causes being alcohol consumption and smoking. Therefore, these patients should be monitored by screening the respiratory and digestive tracts, especially in men, in order to identify a second cancer, either synchronous or metachronous, in an early stage. Conclusions: Educating the patient with head and neck cancer regarding quitting smoking and cutting out alcohol, as well as conducting a follow-up survey, may reduce the incidence of multiple primaries. Moreover, the multidisciplinary management of second primary lung malignancies in patients with head and neck cancer may lead to long-term disease monitoring.