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Wan-Ting Chiu
Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta–cho, Midori–ku, Yokohama 226–8503, Japan

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Journal article
Published: 31 July 2021 in Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
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The requirements for biomedical materials have been raised greatly due to the rapidly aging global population. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are indeed promising materials for biomedical applications due to their controllable shape deformation via the manipulation of temperature and/or stress. This study investigated the enhancement of the fundamental mechanical properties and the shape memory effect (SME) in the Ti–Cr–based alloys via the modification of Au and Cu. The quaternary Ti–Cr–Au–Cu alloys were successfully manufactured by physical metallurgy methods and their phase constitutions, mechanical properties, SME, and superelastic (SE) behaviors have been investigated in this study. Cold–workability, which was enhanced by the introduction of the Au element, was elaborated by the phase constitutions of the alloys. The β–parent phase was stabilized to around body temperature by the introduction of the β–stabilizers of Cr, Au, and Cu, and the functionalities of the specimens were revealed at the operating temperature. Perfect SME at the shape recovery rate of 100% was practiced by the substitution of Au by Cu and the mechanical properties, such as strength and ductility, were also enhanced. Functional mappings of the fundamental mechanical properties, which could be a helpful tool for the investigations of the quaternary Ti–Cr–Au–Cu alloys, were constructed in this work.

ACS Style

Wan-Ting Chiu; Kaoru Wakabayashi; Akira Umise; Masaki Tahara; Tomonari Inamura; Hideki Hosoda. Enhancement of mechanical properties and shape memory effect of Ti–Cr–based alloys via Au and Cu modifications. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 2021, 123, 104707 .

AMA Style

Wan-Ting Chiu, Kaoru Wakabayashi, Akira Umise, Masaki Tahara, Tomonari Inamura, Hideki Hosoda. Enhancement of mechanical properties and shape memory effect of Ti–Cr–based alloys via Au and Cu modifications. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2021; 123 ():104707.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wan-Ting Chiu; Kaoru Wakabayashi; Akira Umise; Masaki Tahara; Tomonari Inamura; Hideki Hosoda. 2021. "Enhancement of mechanical properties and shape memory effect of Ti–Cr–based alloys via Au and Cu modifications." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 123, no. : 104707.

Review
Published: 21 June 2021 in Electrochem
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A comprehensive review of the electroactive materials for non-enzymatic glucose sensing and sensing devices has been performed in this work. A general introduction for glucose sensing, a facile electrochemical technique for glucose detection, and explanations of fundamental mechanisms for the electro-oxidation of glucose via the electrochemical technique are conducted. The glucose sensing materials are classified into five major systems: (1) mono-metallic materials, (2) bi-metallic materials, (3) metallic-oxide compounds, (4) metallic-hydroxide materials, and (5) metal-metal derivatives. The performances of various systems within this decade have been compared and explained in terms of sensitivity, linear regime, the limit of detection (LOD), and detection potentials. Some promising materials and practicable methodologies for the further developments of glucose sensors have been proposed. Firstly, the atomic deposition of alloys is expected to enhance the selectivity, which is considered to be lacking in non-enzymatic glucose sensing. Secondly, by using the modification of the hydrophilicity of the metallic-oxides, a promoted current response from the electro-oxidation of glucose is expected. Lastly, by taking the advantage of the redistribution phenomenon of the oxide particles, the usage of the noble metals is foreseen to be reduced.

ACS Style

Wan-Ting Chiu; Tso-Fu Chang; Masato Sone; Hideki Hosoda; Agnès Tixier-Mita; Hiroshi Toshiyoshi. Developments of the Electroactive Materials for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensing and Their Mechanisms. Electrochem 2021, 2, 347 -389.

AMA Style

Wan-Ting Chiu, Tso-Fu Chang, Masato Sone, Hideki Hosoda, Agnès Tixier-Mita, Hiroshi Toshiyoshi. Developments of the Electroactive Materials for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensing and Their Mechanisms. Electrochem. 2021; 2 (2):347-389.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wan-Ting Chiu; Tso-Fu Chang; Masato Sone; Hideki Hosoda; Agnès Tixier-Mita; Hiroshi Toshiyoshi. 2021. "Developments of the Electroactive Materials for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensing and Their Mechanisms." Electrochem 2, no. 2: 347-389.

Communication
Published: 07 June 2021 in Materials
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To enhance the mechanical properties (e.g., strength and elongation) of the face-centered cubic (fcc) α-phase in the Au-Cu-Al system, this study focused on the introduction of the martensite phase (doubled B19 (DB19) crystal structure of Au2CuAl) via the manipulation of alloy compositions. Fundamental evaluations, such as microstructure observations, phase identifications, thermal analysis, tensile behavior examinations, and reflectance analysis, have been conducted. The presence of fcc annealing twins was observed in both the optical microscope (OM) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Both strength and elongation of the alloys were greatly promoted while the DB19 martensite phase was introduced into the alloys. Amongst all the prepared specimens, the 47Au41Cu12Al and the 44Au44Cu12Al alloys performed the optimized mechanical properties. The enhancement of strength and ductility in these two alloys was achieved while the stress plateau was observed during the tensile deformation. A plot of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) against fracture strain was constructed to illustrate the effects of the introduction of the DB19 martensite phase on the mechanical properties of the alloys. Regardless of the manipulation of the alloy compositions and the introduction of the DB19 martensite phase, the reflectance stayed almost identical to pure Au.

ACS Style

Kang-Wei Goo; Wan-Ting Chiu; Ayano Toriyabe; Masahiro Homma; Akira Umise; Masaki Tahara; Kenji Goto; Takumi Sannomiya; Hideki Hosoda. Mechanical Properties Enhancement of the Au-Cu-Al Alloys via Phase Constitution Manipulation. Materials 2021, 14, 3122 .

AMA Style

Kang-Wei Goo, Wan-Ting Chiu, Ayano Toriyabe, Masahiro Homma, Akira Umise, Masaki Tahara, Kenji Goto, Takumi Sannomiya, Hideki Hosoda. Mechanical Properties Enhancement of the Au-Cu-Al Alloys via Phase Constitution Manipulation. Materials. 2021; 14 (11):3122.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kang-Wei Goo; Wan-Ting Chiu; Ayano Toriyabe; Masahiro Homma; Akira Umise; Masaki Tahara; Kenji Goto; Takumi Sannomiya; Hideki Hosoda. 2021. "Mechanical Properties Enhancement of the Au-Cu-Al Alloys via Phase Constitution Manipulation." Materials 14, no. 11: 3122.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2021 in Materials Chemistry and Physics
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Functional materials for biomedical and biomaterial applications, such as shape memory alloys (SMA), are important topics among the critical population aging issues. The Ti–Au–Mo alloys, which possess biocompatibility, good X–ray contrast, and excellent functionalities, were conducted in this study towards biomedical applications. The near–eutectoid Ti–4 at.% Au–5 at.% Mo specimens were prepared by the physical metallurgy methods, and the effects of the aging temperature on the phase constitutions, microstructures, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and shape memory effect (SME) were analyzed. The hardness and strength of the aging–treated specimens were clearly enhanced due to the formation of the precipitates. Elevating the aging temperature could be a strategy for the elimination of the undesired brittle ω–phase and the elongation was enhanced accordingly. Excellent shape recovery was found at 89% upon heating. The phase transformation between the β–phase and the α′′–martensite phase under stress and thermal treatments was conducted and explained. This study systematically screened the fundamental properties at various aging temperatures of the near–eutectoid Ti–4 at.% Au–5 at.% Mo SMA, which could be a guideline for further researches of the promising Ti–Au–Mo specimens.

ACS Style

Wan-Ting Chiu; Takuya Ishigaki; Naoki Nohira; Akira Umise; Masaki Tahara; Tomonari Inamura; Hideki Hosoda. Evaluations of mechanical properties and shape memory behaviors of the aging–treated Ti–Au–Mo alloys. Materials Chemistry and Physics 2021, 269, 124775 .

AMA Style

Wan-Ting Chiu, Takuya Ishigaki, Naoki Nohira, Akira Umise, Masaki Tahara, Tomonari Inamura, Hideki Hosoda. Evaluations of mechanical properties and shape memory behaviors of the aging–treated Ti–Au–Mo alloys. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2021; 269 ():124775.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wan-Ting Chiu; Takuya Ishigaki; Naoki Nohira; Akira Umise; Masaki Tahara; Tomonari Inamura; Hideki Hosoda. 2021. "Evaluations of mechanical properties and shape memory behaviors of the aging–treated Ti–Au–Mo alloys." Materials Chemistry and Physics 269, no. : 124775.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2021 in Journal of Alloys and Compounds
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The effects of the Cr and Sn addition concentrations on the cold–workability, phase constituents, mechanical properties, shape memory effect (SME), and superelasticity were investigated. A systematic screening of the β–Ti alloy, which was slight–alloyed by Cr and Sn, was executed in this work. Cold–workability of the Ti–Cr–Sn alloys was greatly promoted along with the increasing concentration of Cr and Sn. The parent β–phase was successfully stabilized at room temperature merely by the slight introduction of Cr and Sn β–stabilizers. Perfect SME of 100% recovery rate was realized in the Ti–5.5Cr–3Sn alloy and the shape recovery rate performed a good inclination with the overall Cr + Sn addition concentration in the bending tests. Obvious two–stage yielding, which inferred the stress–induced martensitic transformation (SIMT) and/or martensite variant reorientation (MVR) before yielding, was observed in the tensile tests. The two–stage yielding also explained the SME well. The excellent elongation of 40% and 45%, which were found in the Ti–6.0Cr–3Sn and the Ti–6.0Cr–2Sn alloys, was explained by the {332} mechanical twinning. Slight pseudoelasticity was also found in most of the specimens. Functional mappings of the Ti–Cr–Sn alloys, which could be powerful tools for future investigations, have been constructed in this study. The Ti–6.0Cr–3Sn alloy, which possessed high ultimate tensile strength, excellent ductility of 40%, outstanding SME of 91.0%, and good shape recovery after removing the external stress, could be a promising material for the applications in biomedical materials.

ACS Style

Wan–Ting Chiu; Kaoru Wakabayashi; Akira Umise; Masaki Tahara; Tomonari Inamura; Hideki Hosoda. Enhancement of the shape memory effect by the introductions of Cr and Sn into the β–Ti alloy towards the biomedical applications. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2021, 875, 160088 .

AMA Style

Wan–Ting Chiu, Kaoru Wakabayashi, Akira Umise, Masaki Tahara, Tomonari Inamura, Hideki Hosoda. Enhancement of the shape memory effect by the introductions of Cr and Sn into the β–Ti alloy towards the biomedical applications. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2021; 875 ():160088.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wan–Ting Chiu; Kaoru Wakabayashi; Akira Umise; Masaki Tahara; Tomonari Inamura; Hideki Hosoda. 2021. "Enhancement of the shape memory effect by the introductions of Cr and Sn into the β–Ti alloy towards the biomedical applications." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 875, no. : 160088.

Journal article
Published: 16 March 2021 in Intermetallics
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Influences of the Fe addition in various concentrations on the near–eutectoid Ti–4Au alloys were systematically investigated in this study in consideration of the great number of requirements for the biomedical materials. The Ti–4Au–xFe (x = 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 at.%) alloys were synthesized by physical metallurgy and their microstructures, crystal structures, lattice parameters, phases, and mechanical properties were analyzed. In addition, the investigations for the shape memory effect (SME) and superelasticity (SE) were also conducted to examine their performances of functionality. The β–phase was stabilized at room temperature by the 3 at.% addition of Fe into the binary Ti–4Au alloy. The specimen with optimized mechanical properties by trading–off its strength and ductility was found in the Ti–4Au–4Fe alloy. SME was revealed clearly in the Ti–4Au–3Fe alloy and slightly in the Ti–4Au–4Fe alloy; while SE was observed in the Ti–4Au–4Fe alloy. It was observed that there was a growing trend of the Ti3Au precipitate amount with the raised concentration of Fe addition. The precipitates of the Ti3Au were fine–tuned by the Fe addition for tailoring the various mechanical properties of the ternary Ti–4Au–xFe alloys, and the balanced performance was achieved by the 4 at.% Fe addition.

ACS Style

Wan-Ting Chiu; Takuya Ishigaki; Naoki Nohira; Akira Umise; Masaki Tahara; Tomonari Inamura; Hideki Hosoda. Influence of the precipitates on the shape memory effect and superelasticity of the near–eutectoid Ti–Au–Fe alloy towards biomaterial applications. Intermetallics 2021, 133, 107180 .

AMA Style

Wan-Ting Chiu, Takuya Ishigaki, Naoki Nohira, Akira Umise, Masaki Tahara, Tomonari Inamura, Hideki Hosoda. Influence of the precipitates on the shape memory effect and superelasticity of the near–eutectoid Ti–Au–Fe alloy towards biomaterial applications. Intermetallics. 2021; 133 ():107180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wan-Ting Chiu; Takuya Ishigaki; Naoki Nohira; Akira Umise; Masaki Tahara; Tomonari Inamura; Hideki Hosoda. 2021. "Influence of the precipitates on the shape memory effect and superelasticity of the near–eutectoid Ti–Au–Fe alloy towards biomaterial applications." Intermetallics 133, no. : 107180.

Journal article
Published: 04 February 2021 in Journal of Alloys and Compounds
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A series study of the ternary near–eutectoid Ti–Au–Cr shape memory alloys (SMA) at the Ti–rich corner was explored in this work towards the applications of biomedical materials. Fundamental analysis, such as microstructures, phase constitutions, lattice parameters, and mechanical properties of the specimens, were examined along with their functional properties, such as shape memory effect (SME) and superelasticity (SE). Most of the alloys possess good cold–workability except for those with great amounts of precipitates of the brittle Ti3Au at the high Au addition specimens. The Ti–4Au–8Cr alloy excelled in strength while the Ti–2Au–8Cr alloy surpassed other alloys in ductility. Most of the specimens possess SME as well as pseudoelasticity and/or superelasticity indicating the functionality of the Ti–Au–Cr alloys towards biomedical applications. The discrimination between the α′–martensite phase and the α′′–martensite phase was conducted by the TEM observation. The α′–martensite phase, which unexpectedly performed SME in this study was determined to locate exactly at the boundary of the α′–martensite regime and the α′′–martensite regime. The SME of the alloys, which were composed of the α′–martensite phase, were thus deduced to originate from the similarity of the α′–martensite and the α′′–martensite.

ACS Style

Wan–Ting Chiu; Takuya Ishigaki; Naoki Nohira; Akira Umise; Masaki Tahara; Tomonari Inamura; Hideki Hosoda. Effect of Cr additions on the phase constituent, mechanical properties, and shape memory effect of near–eutectoid Ti–4Au towards the biomaterial applications. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2021, 867, 159037 .

AMA Style

Wan–Ting Chiu, Takuya Ishigaki, Naoki Nohira, Akira Umise, Masaki Tahara, Tomonari Inamura, Hideki Hosoda. Effect of Cr additions on the phase constituent, mechanical properties, and shape memory effect of near–eutectoid Ti–4Au towards the biomaterial applications. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2021; 867 ():159037.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wan–Ting Chiu; Takuya Ishigaki; Naoki Nohira; Akira Umise; Masaki Tahara; Tomonari Inamura; Hideki Hosoda. 2021. "Effect of Cr additions on the phase constituent, mechanical properties, and shape memory effect of near–eutectoid Ti–4Au towards the biomaterial applications." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 867, no. : 159037.

Journal article
Published: 14 October 2020 in Journal of Alloys and Compounds
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Shape memory alloys (SMA) are important topics among the urgently demanded biomaterial and medical application issues. A series of promising near–eutectoid Ti–4 at.% Au–5 at.% X (X = 3d transition metals: V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) alloys was systematically studied in this study. Specimens were prepared by physical metallurgy method and were analyzed by XRD, bending test, Vickers hardness, and tensile test. The additional third elements of Cr and Mn clearly showed shape memory effect. On the other hand, when the additional third elements were V, Cr, Mn, and Mo, the ternary alloys performed slight pseudoelasticity or limited superelasticity while there was no superelasticity observed as the third elements were Fe and Co. According to the investigation of fundamental mechanical properties, the additional third elements of Cr and Mn, which are classified as the optimized group, are superior to other alloys based on the evaluations of their strength, ductility, shape memory effect, and superelastic effect. This study systematically screened the influences of the 3d transition metals on the near–eutectoid Ti–4 at.% Au–5 at.% X alloys. The results can be a database and a guideline for the further specimen preparations and investigations for the future research.

ACS Style

Wan-Ting Chiu; Takuya Ishigaki; Naoki Nohira; Akira Umise; Masaki Tahara; Hideki Hosoda. Effect of 3d transition metal additions on the phase constituent, mechanical properties, and shape memory effect of near–eutectoid Ti–4Au biomedical alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2020, 857, 157599 .

AMA Style

Wan-Ting Chiu, Takuya Ishigaki, Naoki Nohira, Akira Umise, Masaki Tahara, Hideki Hosoda. Effect of 3d transition metal additions on the phase constituent, mechanical properties, and shape memory effect of near–eutectoid Ti–4Au biomedical alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2020; 857 ():157599.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wan-Ting Chiu; Takuya Ishigaki; Naoki Nohira; Akira Umise; Masaki Tahara; Hideki Hosoda. 2020. "Effect of 3d transition metal additions on the phase constituent, mechanical properties, and shape memory effect of near–eutectoid Ti–4Au biomedical alloys." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 857, no. : 157599.