Sediment grain size and its spatial distribution is a very important aspect for many applications and processes that occur in the coastal zone. One of these is coastal erosion which is strongly dependent on sediment distribution and transportation. To highlight this fact, surficial coastal sediments were collected from a densely populated coastal zone in Western Greece, which suffers extensive erosion, and grain size distribution was thoroughly analysed, to predict the spatial distribution of the median grain size diameter (D₅₀) and produce sediment distribution maps. Four different geostatistical interpolation techniques (Ordinary Kriging, Simple Kriging, Empirical Bayesian Kriging and Universal Kriging) and three deterministic (Radial Basis Function, Local Polynomial Interpolation, and Inverse Distance Weighting) were employed for the construction of the respective surficial sediment distribution maps with the use of GIS. Moreover, a comparative study between the deterministic and geostatistical approaches was applied and the performance of each interpolation method was evaluated using cross-validation and estimating the Pearson Corellation and the coefficient of determination (R²). The best interpolation technique for this research proved to be the Ordinary Kriging for the shoreline materials and the Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) for the seabed materials since both had the lowest prediction errors and the highest R².

This study focuses on the role of topography in soil erosion modelling by examining the impact of topographic data from various sources on the calculation of the slope length and slope steepness factor (LS). For this purpose, the Pinios dam drainage basin in the Ilia Regional Unit, Western Greece, was selected as a pilot area of this study. Specifically, six Digital Elevation Models (DEM) from four different sources with various resolutions (5, 30, and 90 m) were compared with ground control point (GCP) values to assess their relative vertical accuracy. These DEM were acquired for the calculation of the LS factor by using two different equations. Then the calculated LS factors were implemented in the RUSLE model for the estimation of soil loss. The current study includes a comparative analysis of the elevation, the slopes, the LS factor, and the soil loss. The results showed that the 5 m resolution DEM had the best vertical accuracy, and thus it is considered to be the most suitable DEM for soil erosion modelling. Moreover, the comparison of the DEM elevation values showed high similarity, in contrast to the slope values. In addition, the comparative assessment of the LS and soil loss values calculated from each DEM with the two LS equations revealed a great divergence. It is noticeable that both LS and soil loss results presented higher values for slopes greater than 20°. It is concluded that the comparison of the LS values calculated with the two examined approaches and the use of different DEM with various resolutions and different sources does not change consistently with the increase of DEM grid size and accuracy. Thus, it is very significant in soil erosion modelling to use an LS equation that imports thresholds in its formula to avoid overestimation in soil loss calculations.

The aim of this specific study is to present a new weighted Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI_WF), with an emphasis given to the geotechnical evaluation and shoreline evolution rate measured through high-resolution remote sensing, which seem to be the most interfering variables in CVI calculations. As a pilot area for the application of the new CVI_WF, the Gulf of Patras in Western Greece was selected, which is suffering erosion problems due to climate change, the sea level rising and human intervention. The new CVI_WF, which was applied in this research, includes the following innovations: (1) the use of geotechnical characterization instead of geological–geomorphological characterization, (2) the use of high-resolution remote sensing data for the detection of shoreline evolution rate and (3) the insertion of a specific weighted geotechnical factor in the CVI_WF formula. The results from the application of the unweighted CVI show that percentages of 20.13%, 20.47%, 24.56%, 29.39% and 5.45% of the gulf’s shoreline are under the regime of very low, low, moderate, high and very high vulnerability, respectively. On the other hand, the corresponding results from the application of the weighted CVI_WF show a percentage of 14.59%, 25.91%, 20.04, 36.48% and 2.98, respectively.

The primary objective of this research is to demonstrate advanced surveying methods and techniques for coastal erosion identification and monitoring in a densely human-populated coastline, the southern coastline of the Gulf of Patras (Greece), which diachronically suffers erosion problems expected to become worse in the forthcoming years due to climate change and human intervention. Its importance lies in the fact that it presents a robust methodology on how all modern scientific knowledge and techniques should be used in coastal erosion problems. The presented methods include the use of satellite and aerial photo imaging, shallow seabed bathymetry and morphology, sediment sampling, geotechnical investigations, as well as hydrodynamic modelling. The results are extensively analyzed in terms of their importance in coastal erosion studies and are cross-validated to define those areas most vulnerable to erosion. Towards this scope, the seabed erosion rate produced by hydrodynamic modelling is compared with the coastal vulnerability index (CVI) calculations performed in the examined area to identify which coastal zones are under a regime of intensive erosion. The results between the CVI and the seabed erosion rate appear to coincide in terms of the erosion potential, especially in zones where the vulnerability regime has been calculated as being high or very high, with the P. oceanica meadows playing an important role in reducing erosion.

Serpentinite is a common lithology in Greece with significant geotectonic and petrogenetic implications, yet its archaeometric study remains limited. This also applies to the Ras serpentinite outcrop on Tinos Island—an enigmatic ancient quarry with no prior documentation of its exploitation. This study aims to provide a holistic provenance analysis and full material characterization to establish a unique fingerprint for future comparative research. A multidisciplinary methodology was applied, including petrography, XRD, FTIR, BET, LA-ICP-MS, electron microprobe analyses, and lichenometry—the latter used to estimate the quarry’s period of activity. The Ras serpentinite consists of a dark-green, brecciated lizardite matrix cut by a pale-green chrysotile network, and notably hosts the first recorded occurrence of minnesotaite in Greece. Relict antigorite within the matrix indicates high-pressure, high-temperature metamorphism preceding a greenschist facies overprint. Geochemical data classify the Ras occurrence as a subduction-related serpentinite derived from a depleted ultrabasic protolith. The aforementioned traits distinguish it from other Greek examples. Lichenometric analysis suggests the quarry was active in the 13th century A.D., with evidence of deliberate extraction techniques. These findings offer valuable insights into archaeometric studies and the provenance of serpentinites in the Aegean.