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Stylianos F. Tombros
Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece

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Journal article
Published: 14 August 2021 in Ore Geology Reviews
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The age, type and geotectonic setting of the Ermioni VMS are explored. Although obscured by post-ore deformation and metamorphism, the Ermioni VMS is genetically and spatially related to hydrothermally altered volcaniclastic rocks and arkoses at the footwall, and turbidites at the hangingwall. The Ermioni VMS deposits occur at Karakasi, Roro and Cambrorosso mine sites, and in close proximity to each other. At Karakasi, the identified hydrothermal alteration zones include a lower and innermost grunerite zone, succeded by an intermediate silica-chlorite zone which shows the largest spatial development and surrounded by a silica-epidote-chlorite zone at the flanks, whereas an albite-prehnite zone is developed at the top of the VMS system. The Ermioni VMS comprises nearly monomineralic pyrite with elevated Cu and Co content, and Cu/(Cu + Zn) and Co/Ni ratios typical for “Mafic-Pelitic”-type VMS deposit. Two ore stages are recognized, Stage I euhedral and coarse-grained pyrite (major Co carrier) with minor chalcopyrite, magnetite and pyrrhotite was followed by Stage II pyrite and minor chalcopyrite and sphalerite. Rubidium-Sr and Os-Re radiogenic pairs on pyrite from the Roro massive and Karakasi stringer ores define an upper Cretaceous age of VMS formation (65.58 ± 0.9 to 66.02 ± 0.1 Ma and 64.96 ± 0.9 to 65.12 ± 0.1 Ma, respectively). This age debunks the previously proposed classification as Cyprus-type. The stable isotope compositions of the hydrothermal fluids, including δ18OΗ2Ο, δDΗ2Ο, δ13CCO2, δ30SiNBS, point to mixing between subduction related hydrothermal fluids, seawater and seafloor turbidites, which accords well with the proposed classification. The δ34SH2S and δ57Fe values confirm a magmatic origin of sulfur and leaching of the footwall volcaniclastic rocks with contributions from seawater and turbidites. Radiogenic isotope and trace element geochemistry indicate that the Ermioni “Mafic-Pelitic” VMS was formed at a partly sediment-covered, upper Cretaceous back-arc spreading center above a retreating subduction zone setting within the “Adheres Melange unit”. The Ermioni VMS is the only known upper Cretaceous sulfide ore identified in Greece. The findings of this work may be used in expanding future research on the metallogenic potential of Greece.

ACS Style

Stavros Triantafyllidis; Stylianos F. Tombros; Degao Zhai; Sotirios Kokkalas. The upper Cretaceous Ermioni VMS deposit, Argolis Peninsula, Peloponnese, Greece: Type, genesis, and geotectonic setting. Ore Geology Reviews 2021, 138, 104403 .

AMA Style

Stavros Triantafyllidis, Stylianos F. Tombros, Degao Zhai, Sotirios Kokkalas. The upper Cretaceous Ermioni VMS deposit, Argolis Peninsula, Peloponnese, Greece: Type, genesis, and geotectonic setting. Ore Geology Reviews. 2021; 138 ():104403.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stavros Triantafyllidis; Stylianos F. Tombros; Degao Zhai; Sotirios Kokkalas. 2021. "The upper Cretaceous Ermioni VMS deposit, Argolis Peninsula, Peloponnese, Greece: Type, genesis, and geotectonic setting." Ore Geology Reviews 138, no. : 104403.

Article
Published: 22 June 2020 in Mineralium Deposita
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The Kallianos Au-Ag-Te deposit in Evia Island (Greece) comprises sixteen syntaxial veins that intersect the schists and marbles of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit. The veins are filled with quartz-I and quartz-II, contain two hypogene ore stages (stages I and II), and are surrounded by infrequent muscovite-chlorite alteration zones. A magmatic origin is deduced for the Kallianos Au-Ag-Te mineralization, based on stable (S, C, Si, O, and H) and radiogenic (Pb, Sr, and Rb) isotopes, and fluid chemistry. The veins were deposited under pressures of ~ 220 to ~ 145 bars and temperatures of ~ 260 to 120 °C, from almost neutral H2Te-bearing hydrothermal fluids with a salinity of 2.2 to 15.8 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The telluride mineralization related to stage II was deposited at ~ 180 °C and evolved from Au- through Bi- to Ag-bearing tellurides. The vein minerals precipitated by simple cooling of almost non-reactive fluids that retained their initial magmatic signature. Taking into account the magmatic origin of the Kallianos deposit, we examine two proximal areas with granodioritic and leucogranitic intrusions similar to those associated with base and precious metal mineralization at Lavrion (~ 8.3 to ~ 7.1 Ma) and Tinos Island (~ 15 to ~ 13 Ma), as potential sources for the Kallianos fluids. Rb-Sr geochronology dating of the distal Kallianos Au-Ag-Te veins gave an age range of 8.1 to 7.6 Ma, implying that an overlapping and channelized hydrothermal system was active at the northern part of the Attico-Cycladic Metallogenetic Massif, utilizing the CBU detachment zones as fluid pathways.

ACS Style

Stylianos F. Tombros; Sotirios Kokkalas; Karen St. Seymour; Panagiotis C. Voudouris; Anthony E. Williams-Jones; Degao Zhai; Jiajun Liu; Michalis G. Fitros. The Kallianos Au-Ag-Te mineralization, Evia Island, Greece: a detachment-related distal hydrothermal deposit of the Attico-Cycladic Metallogenetic Massif. Mineralium Deposita 2020, 56, 665 -684.

AMA Style

Stylianos F. Tombros, Sotirios Kokkalas, Karen St. Seymour, Panagiotis C. Voudouris, Anthony E. Williams-Jones, Degao Zhai, Jiajun Liu, Michalis G. Fitros. The Kallianos Au-Ag-Te mineralization, Evia Island, Greece: a detachment-related distal hydrothermal deposit of the Attico-Cycladic Metallogenetic Massif. Mineralium Deposita. 2020; 56 (4):665-684.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stylianos F. Tombros; Sotirios Kokkalas; Karen St. Seymour; Panagiotis C. Voudouris; Anthony E. Williams-Jones; Degao Zhai; Jiajun Liu; Michalis G. Fitros. 2020. "The Kallianos Au-Ag-Te mineralization, Evia Island, Greece: a detachment-related distal hydrothermal deposit of the Attico-Cycladic Metallogenetic Massif." Mineralium Deposita 56, no. 4: 665-684.

Journal article
Published: 26 January 2019 in Journal of Geochemical Exploration
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Tellurium-bearing, base and precious metal sulfides from the Au-Ag-Te mineralization at Panormos Bay, Tinos Island, Cyclades, preceded and followed the main telluride-forming event. Ore petrography and chemistry of the sulfides suggest that they have precipitated under supersaturation conditions, i.e., grown with hopper habit, enriched in Zn, Fe, Ag, Cd and Pb, and Te in stage II, III and VI sulfides and incorporate nanoparticles with variable Ag/(Pb + Ag + Cu + Fe + Zn)% values. The noble gas, i.e., He, Ar and Ne isotope compositions obtained from these sulfides form two distinct populations, the “Liquids” and “Vapors”. All these features constitute overwhelming evidence that favors vapor transport for the base and precious metals by the vapor-like Panormos ore fluid. The widespread occurrence of CO2-effervescence and boiling at the Panormos Bay Au-Ag-Te ores provoked degassing of the CO2, HCl(g), H2S(g), H2Te(g), Te2(g), light noble gas isotopes (3He, 36Ar, 20Ne, and 21Ne), base- and precious-bearing laden vapors from the mineralizing fluid and transported a fraction of the base and precious metals to vapor. Geochemical simulation suggests that supersaturation in the vapor phase, rapid up-vapor transport, and subsequent condensation in the Panormos Bay ore solution of H2Te(g), Te2(g), and base and precious-bearing vapors led to the precipitation of sulfide (stages II, III and VI) and telluride (stage V) mineral assemblages.

ACS Style

Stylianos F. Tombros; Michalis Fitros. Evidence for vapor transport of the base and precious metals in the Panormos Bay Ag-Au-Te deposit, Tinos Island, Cyclades. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 2019, 199, 128 -140.

AMA Style

Stylianos F. Tombros, Michalis Fitros. Evidence for vapor transport of the base and precious metals in the Panormos Bay Ag-Au-Te deposit, Tinos Island, Cyclades. Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 2019; 199 ():128-140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stylianos F. Tombros; Michalis Fitros. 2019. "Evidence for vapor transport of the base and precious metals in the Panormos Bay Ag-Au-Te deposit, Tinos Island, Cyclades." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 199, no. : 128-140.

Journal article
Published: 08 December 2018 in Minerals
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This paper investigates the interrelationships between the engineering properties of igneous aggregate rocks from Greece with the aid of the R-mode factor analysis. The collected samples represent mafic and ultramafic rocks from the ophiolite complexes of Gerania, Guevgueli, Veria-Naousa, and Edessa as well as intermediate-acidic rocks from the surrounding areas of the complexes. Factor analysis verifies the important interdependences among the engineering parameters like physical, mechanical, geometrical, and physicochemical properties by giving statistical significance. Variations of the petrographic characteristics of the investigated rocks influence their engineering properties as well as the interdependence among them. Factor 1, which is the most representative one (~36% of the total variance), shows interdependences between certain physical, mechanical, physicochemical properties such as total porosity (nt) with moisture content (w), nt with the Los Abrasion value (LA), and the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) with point load index Is(50). Additionally, the second factor (~27% of the total data variability) correlates physical properties such as w, nt, physicochemical properties such as the methylene blue test (MBF), mechanical properties such as UCS, Is(50), and loss on ignition (LOI), which highlights the effect of mineralogy on these properties. Lastly, Factor 3 (~14% of the total data variability) expresses the interdependence of the flakiness index (IF), which is an elongation index (IE) relative to their alteration (LOI).

ACS Style

Panagiota P. Giannakopoulou; Petros Petrounias; Basilios Tsikouras; Stavros Kalaitzidis; Aikaterini Rogkala; Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou; Stylianos F. Tombros. Using Factor Analysis to Determine the Interrelationships between the Engineering Properties of Aggregates from Igneous Rocks in Greece. Minerals 2018, 8, 580 .

AMA Style

Panagiota P. Giannakopoulou, Petros Petrounias, Basilios Tsikouras, Stavros Kalaitzidis, Aikaterini Rogkala, Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou, Stylianos F. Tombros. Using Factor Analysis to Determine the Interrelationships between the Engineering Properties of Aggregates from Igneous Rocks in Greece. Minerals. 2018; 8 (12):580.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Panagiota P. Giannakopoulou; Petros Petrounias; Basilios Tsikouras; Stavros Kalaitzidis; Aikaterini Rogkala; Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou; Stylianos F. Tombros. 2018. "Using Factor Analysis to Determine the Interrelationships between the Engineering Properties of Aggregates from Igneous Rocks in Greece." Minerals 8, no. 12: 580.

Conference paper
Published: 26 July 2018 in Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science
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Mn-skarn ore deposits are relatively infrequent worldwide. A typical example of a Mn-skarn in the Attico-Cycladic Metallogenetic Massif is located at the mining area of Thapsana, Paros Island. The skarn occurs adjusted to the Thapsana biotite-garnet-tourmaline-lepidolite, highly sericitized, leucogranite apophyses of the Paros granitoid and related pegmatites and aplites dated from 11.5 to 7.5 Ma. The Mn-skarns orebodies occur as lenses and NE-trending veins hosted in the Cyclades Blueschist Unit (CBU) marbles and intercalated calcic schists. They comprise two discontinuous paragenetic zones (with widths of ≤ 10 m): A zone contain vesuvianite, Mn-enriched salite to johannsenite-diopside and spessartine with cores enriched in grossular component (Sps~75Grs~15) placed close to the Thapsana leucogranite and a zone of grossular (Sps~85Grs~5), actinolite to Mn-cummingtonite (with Mn ~ 0.6 apfu) and phlogopite more distal from the leucogranite. The Mn-skarns are crosscut by later WNW- to W-trending veins filled with Ca-K-Mg-bearing pyrolusite, manganite, rhodonite and rhodochrosite, carbonates, hydroxylapatite and johnbaumite. The Mn-ores occur as massive aggregates or disseminated comprising jacobsite, hausmannite, Mn- enriched magnetite, braunite and hollandite (with crystals of ≤ 4cm). Occasionally jacobsite and hausmanite display oriented intergrowths. The ore paragenesis also includes secondary pyrolusite, manganite, rhodonite, rhodochrosite, cryptomelane, manjiroite, vernadite and supergene Fe-oxides. Geothermo-oxygen-barometry suggests that the main zones of the Mn-skarns at Thapsana have been formed at temperatures ranging from ~ 440º to ~ 510ºC, pressures of 0.11 to 0.12 GPa and logfO2 values just below the magnetite-hematite buffer. Almost constant average isotopic compositions obtained from the Mn-ores (n = 10) of δ44CaBSE and δ26MgDSM-3 of 0.5 ± 0.05 and -0.6 ± 0.1 and δ18O and δD of 7.2 ± 0.5 and -92 ± 2 per mil, suggest a magmatic source for the metasomatic ore fluids related to the Thapsana leucogranite which have also interacted and isotopically equilibrated with the host CBU marbles.

ACS Style

Stylianos Tombros; Michalis Fitros; Xenofon Simos; Sotirios Kokkalas; Konstanin Hatzipanagiotou. Formation of Mn-skarn Ores at Thapsana Mines, Paros Island, Attico-Cycladic Metallogenetic Massif, Greece. Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Stylianos Tombros, Michalis Fitros, Xenofon Simos, Sotirios Kokkalas, Konstanin Hatzipanagiotou. Formation of Mn-skarn Ores at Thapsana Mines, Paros Island, Attico-Cycladic Metallogenetic Massif, Greece. Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stylianos Tombros; Michalis Fitros; Xenofon Simos; Sotirios Kokkalas; Konstanin Hatzipanagiotou. 2018. "Formation of Mn-skarn Ores at Thapsana Mines, Paros Island, Attico-Cycladic Metallogenetic Massif, Greece." Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2017 in American Mineralogist
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The 11.6 to 9.5 Ma Serifos pluton intruded schists and marbles of the Cycladic Blueschist unit, causing thermal metamorphism, the development of magnetite Ca-exo- and endo-skarns and the formation of low-temperature vein and carbonate-replacement ores. Potentially, the most important ores occur in the Moutoulas prospect where the mineralization in retrograde skarn and quartz veins culminated with the deposition of native bismuth. A combination of fluid inclusion microthermometry and isotope geothermometry suggests that the Moutoulas mineralization formed at a hydrostatic pressure of ~100 bars, from moderate-to-low temperature (~190–250 °C), and low-salinity (1.3–5.6 wt% NaCl equivalent) fluids. The calculated δ34SH2S compositions are consistent with the ore fluids having been derived from the Serifos pluton. Bismuth mineralization is interpreted to have occurred as a result of wall-rock interaction and mixing of a Bi-bearing ore fluid with meteoric waters. Native bismuth and bismuthinite deposited at ~200 °C, near neutral pH (6.5), low fS2 (< –16.5), and low fO2 (< –44). Supergene alteration in Serifos led to the oxidation of native bismuth to bismite and bismutite.

ACS Style

Michalis Fitros; Stylianos F. Tombros; Anthony E. Williams-Jones; Basilios Tsikouras; Eleni Koutsopoulou; Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou. Physicochemical controls on bismuth mineralization: An example from Moutoulas, Serifos Island, Cyclades, Greece. American Mineralogist 2017, 102, 1622 -1631.

AMA Style

Michalis Fitros, Stylianos F. Tombros, Anthony E. Williams-Jones, Basilios Tsikouras, Eleni Koutsopoulou, Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou. Physicochemical controls on bismuth mineralization: An example from Moutoulas, Serifos Island, Cyclades, Greece. American Mineralogist. 2017; 102 (8):1622-1631.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michalis Fitros; Stylianos F. Tombros; Anthony E. Williams-Jones; Basilios Tsikouras; Eleni Koutsopoulou; Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou. 2017. "Physicochemical controls on bismuth mineralization: An example from Moutoulas, Serifos Island, Cyclades, Greece." American Mineralogist 102, no. 8: 1622-1631.