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This study focuses on the July-August 2019 eruption-induced wildfires at the Stromboli island (Italy). The analysis of land cover (LC) and land use (LU) changes has been crucial to describe the environmental impacts concerning endemic vegetation loss, damages to agricultural heritage, and transformations to landscape patterns. Moreover, a survey was useful to collect eyewitness accounts aimed to define the LU and to obtain detailed information about eruption-induced damages. Detection of burnt areas was based on PLÉIADES-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, and field surveys. Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and Relativized Burn Ratio (RBR) allowed mapping areas impacted by fires. LC and LU classification involved the detection of new classes, following the environmental units of landscape, being the result of the intersection between CORINE Land Cover project (CLC) and local landscape patterns. The results of multi-temporal comparison show that fire-damaged areas amount to 39% of the total area of the island, mainly affecting agricultural and semi-natural vegetated areas, being composed by endemic Aeolian species and abandoned olive trees that were cultivated by exploiting terraces up to high altitudes. LC and LU analysis has shown the strong correlation between land use management, wildfire severity, and eruption-induced damages on the island.
Agnese Turchi; Federico Di Traglia; Tania Luti; Davide Olori; Iacopo Zetti; Riccardo Fanti. Environmental Aftermath of the 2019 Stromboli Eruption. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 994 .
AMA StyleAgnese Turchi, Federico Di Traglia, Tania Luti, Davide Olori, Iacopo Zetti, Riccardo Fanti. Environmental Aftermath of the 2019 Stromboli Eruption. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (6):994.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnese Turchi; Federico Di Traglia; Tania Luti; Davide Olori; Iacopo Zetti; Riccardo Fanti. 2020. "Environmental Aftermath of the 2019 Stromboli Eruption." Remote Sensing 12, no. 6: 994.
The “Piano Lauree Scientifiche” is an initiative of the Italian Ministry of University and Education aimed to sustain Science, Technology and Maths studies. It is active since 2005, but only in 2015 Geology courses have been included in the grant system. The “Piano” is structured in seven national disciplinary partnerships, including all the Italian Universities where a BSc course is listed in their undergraduate prospectus. Then, the 29 Universities involved in the Geology Project share general and specific objectives for vocational guidance of incoming students, training of secondary school teachers, and initiatives to reduce the drop-out. The description of these objectives and the results obtained in the last three years are presented and it can stimulate the discussion to improve the project during the next years, when new specific tasks will be added: gender-related issues, enhancement of mentoring and accompaniment initiatives, refresher training for school teachers.
Riccardo Fanti. Earth Sciences and STEM initiatives: the Geology Project in the framework of "Piano Lauree Scientifiche". Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 2019, 49, 94 -98.
AMA StyleRiccardo Fanti. Earth Sciences and STEM initiatives: the Geology Project in the framework of "Piano Lauree Scientifiche". Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana. 2019; 49 ():94-98.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Fanti. 2019. "Earth Sciences and STEM initiatives: the Geology Project in the framework of "Piano Lauree Scientifiche"." Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 49, no. : 94-98.
Landslides are considered to be one of the main natural geohazards causing relevant economic damages and social effects worldwide. Italy is one of the countries worldwide most affected by landslides; in the Region of Tuscany alone, more than 100,000 phenomena are known and mapped. The possibility to recognize, investigate, and monitor these phenomena play a key role to avoid further occurrences and consequences. The number of applications of Advanced Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (A-DInSAR) analysis for landslides monitoring and mapping greatly increased in the last decades thanks to the technological advances and the development of advanced processing algorithms. In this work, landslide-induced damage on structures recognized and classified by field survey and velocity of displacement re-projected along the steepest slope were combined in order to extract fragility curves for the hamlets of Patigno and Coloretta, in the Zeri municipality (Tuscany, northern Italy). Images using ERS1/2, ENVISAT, COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) and Sentinel-1 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) were employed to investigate an approximate 25 years of deformation affecting both hamlets. Three field surveys were conducted for recognizing, identifying, and classifying the landslide-induced damage on structures and infrastructures. At the end, the damage probability maps were designed by means of the use of the fragility curves between Sentinel-1 velocities and recorded levels of damage. The results were conceived to be useful for the local authorities and civil protection authorities to improve the land managing and, more generally, for planning mitigation strategies.
Matteo Del Soldato; Lorenzo Solari; Francesco Poggi; Federico Raspini; Roberto Tomás; Riccardo Fanti; Nicola Casagli. Landslide-Induced Damage Probability Estimation Coupling InSAR and Field Survey Data by Fragility Curves. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 1486 .
AMA StyleMatteo Del Soldato, Lorenzo Solari, Francesco Poggi, Federico Raspini, Roberto Tomás, Riccardo Fanti, Nicola Casagli. Landslide-Induced Damage Probability Estimation Coupling InSAR and Field Survey Data by Fragility Curves. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (12):1486.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Del Soldato; Lorenzo Solari; Francesco Poggi; Federico Raspini; Roberto Tomás; Riccardo Fanti; Nicola Casagli. 2019. "Landslide-Induced Damage Probability Estimation Coupling InSAR and Field Survey Data by Fragility Curves." Remote Sensing 11, no. 12: 1486.
The paper presents preliminary findings from a research study designed to assess the health status of a medieval bridge built on 1500 under the Medici dynasty over the river Sieve, close to Florence. The structure, a two span stone bridge with a main central pillar, experienced some restructuring interventions from 1555 to the present. The left span has been closed for some decades, and for many years the water has been allowed to float under it in case of severe flood only. At the beginning of year 2000 the left span has been opened to the regular flux of water. After opening, a maelstrom has been noticed as permanently present at the main pier’s basis highlighting the presence of a fracture in the concrete base around the central pile of the bridge. In order to investigate structural health and to assess bridge’s stability structural inspections and hydraulic surveys have been carried out. This manuscript reports Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) survey results. Surface comparisons to identify anomalies and defromations have been carried out by exploiting Two TLS campaigns that were performed within a 6 years time span.
F. Mugnai; L. Lombardi; G. Tucci; M. Nocentini; G. Gigli; R. Fanti. GEOMATICS IN BRIDGE STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING, INTEGRATING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING TECHNIQUES AND GEOTECHNICAL INSPECTIONS ON A HIGH VALUE CULTURAL HERITAGE. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2019, XLII-2/W11, 895 -900.
AMA StyleF. Mugnai, L. Lombardi, G. Tucci, M. Nocentini, G. Gigli, R. Fanti. GEOMATICS IN BRIDGE STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING, INTEGRATING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING TECHNIQUES AND GEOTECHNICAL INSPECTIONS ON A HIGH VALUE CULTURAL HERITAGE. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2019; XLII-2/W11 ():895-900.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. Mugnai; L. Lombardi; G. Tucci; M. Nocentini; G. Gigli; R. Fanti. 2019. "GEOMATICS IN BRIDGE STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING, INTEGRATING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING TECHNIQUES AND GEOTECHNICAL INSPECTIONS ON A HIGH VALUE CULTURAL HERITAGE." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11, no. : 895-900.
SIGMA is a regional landslide warning system based on statistical rainfall thresholds that operates in Emilia Romagna (Italy). In this work, we depict its birth and the continuous development process, still ongoing, after two decades of operational employ. Indeed, a constant work was carried out to gather and incorporate in the modeling new data (extended rainfall recordings, updated landslides inventories, temperature and soil moisture data). The use of these data allowed for regular updates of the model and some conceptual improvements, which consistently increased the forecasting effectiveness of the warning system through time. Landslide forecasting at regional scale is a very complex task, but this paper shows that, as time passes by, the systematic gathering and analysis of new data and the continuous progresses of research activity, uncertainties can be progressively reduced. Thus, by the setting up of forward-looking research programs, the performances and the reliability of regional scale warning systems can be increased with time.
Samuele Segoni; Ascanio Rosi; Riccardo Fanti; Angela Gallucci; Antonio Monni; Nicola Casagli. A Regional-Scale Landslide Warning System Based on 20 Years of Operational Experience. Water 2018, 10, 1297 .
AMA StyleSamuele Segoni, Ascanio Rosi, Riccardo Fanti, Angela Gallucci, Antonio Monni, Nicola Casagli. A Regional-Scale Landslide Warning System Based on 20 Years of Operational Experience. Water. 2018; 10 (10):1297.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamuele Segoni; Ascanio Rosi; Riccardo Fanti; Angela Gallucci; Antonio Monni; Nicola Casagli. 2018. "A Regional-Scale Landslide Warning System Based on 20 Years of Operational Experience." Water 10, no. 10: 1297.
On 4 November 2010, a deep-seated gravitational slope deformation (North Italy) reactivated with sudden ground movement. A 450,000 m2 mountainous area moved some metres downslope, but the undeniable signs were only connected to the triggering of a debris flow from the bulging area’s detrital cover and the presence of a continuous perimeter fracture near the crown area. Based on two detailed LiDAR surveys (2 m × 2 m) performed just a few days before and after the event, a quantitative topographic analysis was performed in a GIS environment, integrating morphometric terrain parameters (slope, aspect, surface roughness, hill shade, and curvature). The DEMs analysis highlighted some morphological changes related to deeper as well as shallow movements. Both global and sectorial displacements were widely verified and discussed, finally inferring that the geometry, persistence, and layout of all movements properly justify each current morphostructure, which has the shape of a typical Sackung-type structure with impulsive kinematics. Moreover, a targeted field survey allowed specific clues to be found that confirmed the global deduced dynamics of the slope deformation. Finally, thanks to a ground-based interferometric radar system (GB-InSAR) that was installed a few days after the reactivation, the residual deep-seated gravitational slope deformation (DSGSD) movements were also monitored. In the landslide lower bulging area, a localized material progression of small entities was observed for some months after the parossistic event, indicating a slow dissipation of forces in sectors more distant from the crown area.
Stefano Morelli; Veronica Pazzi; William Frodella; Riccardo Fanti. Kinematic Reconstruction of a Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation by Geomorphic Analyses. Geosciences 2018, 8, 26 .
AMA StyleStefano Morelli, Veronica Pazzi, William Frodella, Riccardo Fanti. Kinematic Reconstruction of a Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation by Geomorphic Analyses. Geosciences. 2018; 8 (1):26.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefano Morelli; Veronica Pazzi; William Frodella; Riccardo Fanti. 2018. "Kinematic Reconstruction of a Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation by Geomorphic Analyses." Geosciences 8, no. 1: 26.
Sinkholes represent a geological risk that is often underrated, mainly due to its very localized nature. In fact, sinkholes occur only under particular circumstances and typically affect relatively small areas. Despite these characteristics, the difficulty in forecasting the precise location and timing of their sudden collapse creates serious problems for civil protection authorities and urban planners. In this framework, identifying the mechanism and thus the triggering factor of sinkholes is strategically pivotal in developing management plans. The present paper addresses the sinkhole-prone area of Il Piano (Elba Island, Central Italy). The integration of hydrogeological surveys, coupled with a thorough study of historical maps and aerial photographs, suggests that the main triggering factor in this area may not be related to water pumping from the karst aquifer, as initially hypothesized. Instead, sinkholes appear to be caused by ravelling and erosive processes occurring entirely in the sedimentary cover when heavy rainfall induces water overpressure within the superficial aquifer.
Emanuele Intrieri; Katia Fontanelli; Federica Bardi; Federico Marini; Tommaso Carlà; Veronica Pazzi; Michele Di Filippo; Riccardo Fanti. Definition of sinkhole triggers and susceptibility based on hydrogeomorphological analyses. Environmental Earth Sciences 2017, 77, 4 .
AMA StyleEmanuele Intrieri, Katia Fontanelli, Federica Bardi, Federico Marini, Tommaso Carlà, Veronica Pazzi, Michele Di Filippo, Riccardo Fanti. Definition of sinkhole triggers and susceptibility based on hydrogeomorphological analyses. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2017; 77 (1):4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmanuele Intrieri; Katia Fontanelli; Federica Bardi; Federico Marini; Tommaso Carlà; Veronica Pazzi; Michele Di Filippo; Riccardo Fanti. 2017. "Definition of sinkhole triggers and susceptibility based on hydrogeomorphological analyses." Environmental Earth Sciences 77, no. 1: 4.
The investigation of landslides and slope deformation processes may require the integration of a wide range of data types, collected using different approaches, such as geomorphological, geotechnical and geophysical surveys. Among this latter category, seismic noise method can be used to detect and better understand the geometry of landslide slip surfaces. Indeed, a slip surface may generate evident contrasts in shear wave velocity due to changes in seismic impedance, generated by the different seismic velocity and density of materials at landslide boundaries. The H/V or Nakamura method allows to have a punctual information about the depth of the main impedance contrasts, thus, by performing a spatial interpolation of an adequate number of punctual depth measures, is possible to reliably estimate the depth and geometry of the slip surfaces with good accuracy. This study is focused on the relation between the number of the employed single-station seismic noise measurements and the goodness of the resulting, inferred, slip surface(s) for landslides. The final aim is to detect, if it exists, a threshold in the number of measurements beyond which the information obtained is redundant, since the variations in terms of morphology observed in the reconstructed impedance contrast surfaces become negligible. The proposed approach was validated at Castagnola Landslide (Liguria, Italy), where direct measures of the subsoil stratigraphy were available, then applied to another case study, i.e., the Roccalbegna Landslide (Tuscany, Italy), where no direct measurements, apart from those of the shallow layer geotechnical properties, were available. The experiments carried out are a proof-of-concept of the opportunities that this approach can offer.
Veronica Pazzi; Luca Tanteri; Gabriele Bicocchi; Andrea Caselli; Michele D’Ambrosio; Riccardo Fanti; Matjaz Mikos; Binod Tiwari; Yueping Yin; Kyoji Sassa. H/V Technique for the Rapid Detection of Landslide Slip Surface(s): Assessment of the Optimized Measurements Spatial Distribution. Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides 2017, 335 -343.
AMA StyleVeronica Pazzi, Luca Tanteri, Gabriele Bicocchi, Andrea Caselli, Michele D’Ambrosio, Riccardo Fanti, Matjaz Mikos, Binod Tiwari, Yueping Yin, Kyoji Sassa. H/V Technique for the Rapid Detection of Landslide Slip Surface(s): Assessment of the Optimized Measurements Spatial Distribution. Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides. 2017; ():335-343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVeronica Pazzi; Luca Tanteri; Gabriele Bicocchi; Andrea Caselli; Michele D’Ambrosio; Riccardo Fanti; Matjaz Mikos; Binod Tiwari; Yueping Yin; Kyoji Sassa. 2017. "H/V Technique for the Rapid Detection of Landslide Slip Surface(s): Assessment of the Optimized Measurements Spatial Distribution." Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides , no. : 335-343.
A variety of methods (detailed geomorphological surveys, geotechnical investigations, local instrumentation, satellite data, and radar interferometry) along with geophysical techniques may be used to investigate slope instabilities and to detect the inhomogeneities of materials as well as their properties, boundaries, and sliding surfaces. Of these techniques, the method based on seismic noise measurements allows abrupt changes in seismic impedance at landslide boundaries resulting from varying levels of seismic velocity and material density to be detected. Peaks of the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio have proven to serve as effective indicators of the resonance frequency of low-impedance surface layers. In this work, horizontal to vertical spectral ratio surveys of the Castagnola (La Spezia, Italy) and Roccalbegna (Grosseto, Italy) landslides were carried out. From roughly 100 single-station measurements made inside and outside the landslides at each site, we define a threshold number of single-station seismic noise measures beyond which information is redundant because the variation in reconstructed impedance contrast surfaces is not significant. This approach allows one to reliably retrieve the geometry of a landslide body, ultimately generating useful information for determining whether further measurements are needed to improve landslide body reconstruction
Veronica Pazzi; Luca Tanteri; Gabriele Bicocchi; Michele D'Ambrosio; Andrea Caselli; Riccardo Fanti. H/V measurements as an effective tool for the reliable detection of landslide slip surfaces: Case studies of Castagnola (La Spezia, Italy) and Roccalbegna (Grosseto, Italy). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 2017, 98, 136 -153.
AMA StyleVeronica Pazzi, Luca Tanteri, Gabriele Bicocchi, Michele D'Ambrosio, Andrea Caselli, Riccardo Fanti. H/V measurements as an effective tool for the reliable detection of landslide slip surfaces: Case studies of Castagnola (La Spezia, Italy) and Roccalbegna (Grosseto, Italy). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C. 2017; 98 ():136-153.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVeronica Pazzi; Luca Tanteri; Gabriele Bicocchi; Michele D'Ambrosio; Andrea Caselli; Riccardo Fanti. 2017. "H/V measurements as an effective tool for the reliable detection of landslide slip surfaces: Case studies of Castagnola (La Spezia, Italy) and Roccalbegna (Grosseto, Italy)." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 98, no. : 136-153.
Scientific interest in mounds as geomorphological features that currently represent topographic anomalies in flat urban landscapes mainly lies on the understanding of their origin, either purely natural or anthropogenic. In this second circumstance, another question is whether traces of lost buildings are preserved within the mound subsurface and can be mapped as remnants testifying past settlement. When these landforms have been modified in centuries for civilian use, structural stability is a further element of concern. To address these issues we applied a geophysical approach based on a very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) technique and two dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) and integrated it with well-established surface survey methods within a diagnostic workflow of structural assessment. We demonstrate the practical benefits of this method in the English Cemetery of Florence, Italy, whose mixed nature and history of morphological changes are suggested by archival records. The combination of the two selected geophysical techniques allowed us to overcome the physical obstacles caused by tomb density and to prevent interference from the urban vehicular traffic on the geophysical signals. Eighty-two VLF-EM profiles and five 2D-ERTs were collected to maximise the spatial coverage of the subsurface prospection, while surface indicators of instability (e.g., tomb tilt, location, and direction of ground fractures and wall cracks) were mapped by standard metric survey. High resistive anomalies (> 300 and 400 Ωm) observed in VLF-EM tomographies are attributed to remnants of the ancient perimeter wall that are still buried along the southern side of the mound. While no apparent correlation is found between the causes of tomb and ground movements, the crack pattern map supplements the overall structural assessment. The main outcome is that the northern portion of the retaining wall is classed with the highest hazard rate. The impact of this cost-effective approach is to inform the design of maintenance and restoration measures based on improved geognostic knowledge. The geophysical and surface evidence informs decisions on where interventions are to be prioritised and whether costly invasive investigations are needed.
Veronica Pazzi; Deodato Tapete; Luca Cappuccini; Riccardo Fanti. An electric and electromagnetic geophysical approach for subsurface investigation of anthropogenic mounds in an urban environment. Geomorphology 2016, 273, 335 -347.
AMA StyleVeronica Pazzi, Deodato Tapete, Luca Cappuccini, Riccardo Fanti. An electric and electromagnetic geophysical approach for subsurface investigation of anthropogenic mounds in an urban environment. Geomorphology. 2016; 273 ():335-347.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVeronica Pazzi; Deodato Tapete; Luca Cappuccini; Riccardo Fanti. 2016. "An electric and electromagnetic geophysical approach for subsurface investigation of anthropogenic mounds in an urban environment." Geomorphology 273, no. : 335-347.
Emanuele >Intrieri; Federica Bardi; Francesco Fidolini; Riccardo Fanti; Pasquale Versace. Procedures and algorithms for early warning of landslides along communication routes. Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 2016, 41, 171 -174.
AMA StyleEmanuele >Intrieri, Federica Bardi, Francesco Fidolini, Riccardo Fanti, Pasquale Versace. Procedures and algorithms for early warning of landslides along communication routes. Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana. 2016; 41 ():171-174.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmanuele >Intrieri; Federica Bardi; Francesco Fidolini; Riccardo Fanti; Pasquale Versace. 2016. "Procedures and algorithms for early warning of landslides along communication routes." Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 41, no. : 171-174.
We map and monitor the condition of linear structures using Measurement Points (MPs) from satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), and deal with the uncertainty of localising the detected deformation along the building elevation. We combine spatial information of the MPs with elevation measurements collected by Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS surveying to understand where structural motions occurred. The MPs are geolocated along the z-direction by exploiting their height information (hMP) compared to the elevation of the surveyed buildings and surrounding ground (hGPS). This approach aims to find a good compromise between the required accuracy and repeatability, and the advantages of reduced time-consumption and cost-effectiveness offered by RTK GPS. Reliability of the method is proved via the experiment on the Roman Aqueducts in the southern peri-urban quarters of the city of Rome, Italy. We focus on the linear man-made structures of the ancient to modern aqueduct systems. These are challenging anthropogenic features to monitor with InSAR due to their huge extent, variety of condition and architectural complexity. Of the total 13,519 MPs retrieved from SqueeSAR™ processing of 87 RADARSAT-1 Fine Beam Mode 3 ascending scenes (2003–2010), the MPs spatially attributed to the local linear features and the surroundings are analysed with regard to: (i) their densities against building type, structure planimetric orientation and vegetation coverage; and (ii) their height distribution against RTK GPS micro-topographic surveying in seven sample areas. Numerical analysis of hMP–hGPS pairs result in high correlation (R2 equals 0.970), and their cross-comparison allows validation of 3D geolocation of the MPs, also demonstrating the usefulness of complementary surveying by laser distance meter device whenever RTK GPS is not feasible. Cross-referenced hMP values are then used to reclassify the MPs and generate final map products to support the design of in-situ inspection activities. We discuss beneficial impacts for condition monitoring and assessment at the scale of single building through the examples of the medieval tower Torre del Fiscale and the Roman arcades of the Claudian Aqueduct. The MP height information improves the understanding of the deformation estimates, and also contributes to address hazard mitigation measures and restorations
Deodato Tapete; Stefano Morelli; Riccardo Fanti; Nicola Casagli. Localising deformation along the elevation of linear structures: An experiment with space-borne InSAR and RTK GPS on the Roman Aqueducts in Rome, Italy. Applied Geography 2015, 58, 65 -83.
AMA StyleDeodato Tapete, Stefano Morelli, Riccardo Fanti, Nicola Casagli. Localising deformation along the elevation of linear structures: An experiment with space-borne InSAR and RTK GPS on the Roman Aqueducts in Rome, Italy. Applied Geography. 2015; 58 ():65-83.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeodato Tapete; Stefano Morelli; Riccardo Fanti; Nicola Casagli. 2015. "Localising deformation along the elevation of linear structures: An experiment with space-borne InSAR and RTK GPS on the Roman Aqueducts in Rome, Italy." Applied Geography 58, no. : 65-83.
Ground-based synthetic aperture radar interferometry (GBInSAR) remote sensing technique has been repeatedly proved an effective tool for monitoring built environment affected by structural and geological criticalities. In this paper, it is described how this technique can be successfully applied for early-warning procedures and detection of ongoing deterioration processes on archeological and cultural heritage sites. An integrated approach of GBInSAR and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) technologies was performed on Volterra test site (Tuscany, Italy), where a sudden collapse of a 35-m wide section of city walls occurred on January 31, 2014. The installed early-warning monitoring system is capable of an accurate and focused real-time displacement detection of the south-western side of the city including walls, buildings, and monuments, thus allowing prompt interventions for citizens safety and conservation purposes. The effectiveness of this alert technique became evident when the precursors of a second impressive wall collapse were clearly detected. From the beginning of the GBInSAR monitoring, we measured a constant displacement velocity of 0.1 mm/h in correspondence to a 15-m high wall sustaining the Acropolis and lying an underground parking. After a sudden increase of velocity values up to 1.7 mm/h, the local authorities were alerted so that they had time to interdict the area to citizens and to take adequate safety countermeasures two days before the collapse.
Fabio Pratesi; Teresa Nolesini; Silvia Bianchini; Davide Leva; Luca Lombardi; Riccardo Fanti; Nicola Casagli. Early Warning GBInSAR-Based Method for Monitoring Volterra (Tuscany, Italy) City Walls. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2015, 8, 1753 -1762.
AMA StyleFabio Pratesi, Teresa Nolesini, Silvia Bianchini, Davide Leva, Luca Lombardi, Riccardo Fanti, Nicola Casagli. Early Warning GBInSAR-Based Method for Monitoring Volterra (Tuscany, Italy) City Walls. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 2015; 8 (4):1753-1762.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Pratesi; Teresa Nolesini; Silvia Bianchini; Davide Leva; Luca Lombardi; Riccardo Fanti; Nicola Casagli. 2015. "Early Warning GBInSAR-Based Method for Monitoring Volterra (Tuscany, Italy) City Walls." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 8, no. 4: 1753-1762.
Nowadays many developing countries need effective measures to reduce the disaster related risks. Structural interventions are the most effective to achieve these aims. Nevertheless, in the absence of adequate financial resources different low-cost strategies can be used to minimize losses. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the disaster risk reduction can be gathered building a community coping capacity. In the case study, flood and seismic analyses have been carried out using relatively simple and low-cost technologies, fundamental for governments and research institutions of poorly developed countries. In fact, through the acquisition and dissemination of these basic information, a reduction of vulnerability and risk can be achieved. In detail, two methodologies for the evaluation of hydraulic and seismic vulnerability were tested in the Dajç municipality (Northern Albania), a high-seismicity region that is also severely affected by floods. Updated bathymetric, topographic and hydraulic data were processed with HEC-RAS software to identify sites potentially affected by dykes overflowing. Besides, the soil-structure interaction effects for three strategic buildings were studied using microtremors and the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio method. This flood and seismic vulnerability analysis was then evaluated in terms of costs and ease of accessibility in order to suggest the best use both of the employed devices and the obtained information for designing good civil protection plans and to inform the population about the right behaviour in case of threat
Veronica Pazzi; Stefano Morelli; Francesco Fidolini; Elvis Krymi; Nicola Casagli; Riccardo Fanti. Testing cost-effective methodologies for flood and seismic vulnerability assessment in communities of developing countries (Dajç, northern Albania). Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 2015, 7, 971 -999.
AMA StyleVeronica Pazzi, Stefano Morelli, Francesco Fidolini, Elvis Krymi, Nicola Casagli, Riccardo Fanti. Testing cost-effective methodologies for flood and seismic vulnerability assessment in communities of developing countries (Dajç, northern Albania). Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. 2015; 7 (3):971-999.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVeronica Pazzi; Stefano Morelli; Francesco Fidolini; Elvis Krymi; Nicola Casagli; Riccardo Fanti. 2015. "Testing cost-effective methodologies for flood and seismic vulnerability assessment in communities of developing countries (Dajç, northern Albania)." Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 7, no. 3: 971-999.
The Rotolon landslide, located in the upper Agno River valley (Vicenza, Italy), has threatened the valley for centuries. During November 2010, after 637 mm of rainfall in 12 days, a debris mass of about 225,000 m3 collapsed from the lowermost portion of the landslide and evolved into a debris flow that channeled in the Rotolon Creek riverbed, damaging the villages of Maltaure and Parlati in the Recoaro Terme municipality. On December 8th, 2010 the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Firenze started a real-time monitoring using a GB-InSAR radar interferometer. The radar data are elaborated to obtain weekly, monthly and total cumulated 3D displacement maps and displacement time series of ten control points selected on the landslide mass. Accurate field surveys were carried out to analyze the landslide physiographic features and to validate the ground deformation retrieved from the radar data. The geomorphological features, supported by the radar data, led to an interpretation of the complex Rotolon landslide as a Deep Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation, whose detrital cover is often affected by detachments triggering debris flows. The November 2010 detachment area was modeled in order to: (i) calculate the main geotechnical properties of the collapsed material by means of a back analysis; (ii) define the residual risk; (iii) simulate new critical scenarios for the new topographic slope surface.
Francesco Fidolini; Veronica Pazzi; William Frodella; Stefano Morelli; Riccardo Fanti. Geomorphological Characterization, Monitoring and Modeling of the Monte Rotolon Complex Landslide (Recoaro Terme, Italy). Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 2 2015, 1311 -1315.
AMA StyleFrancesco Fidolini, Veronica Pazzi, William Frodella, Stefano Morelli, Riccardo Fanti. Geomorphological Characterization, Monitoring and Modeling of the Monte Rotolon Complex Landslide (Recoaro Terme, Italy). Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 2. 2015; ():1311-1315.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Fidolini; Veronica Pazzi; William Frodella; Stefano Morelli; Riccardo Fanti. 2015. "Geomorphological Characterization, Monitoring and Modeling of the Monte Rotolon Complex Landslide (Recoaro Terme, Italy)." Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 2 , no. : 1311-1315.
The Vaiont landslide (Southern Alps, Italy) represents one of the most catastrophic landslides in the world recorded in the modern history. The landslide, occurred on 9th October 1963, involved about 3×108m3 of rock that collapsed in an artificial lake: more than 1900 people died as a consequence of the tsunami produced by the sudden fall of the mass in the water.Despite the importance of this event, many aspects of the Vaiont rockslide still remain unexplained, particularly its fast emplacement. In order to obtain a better understanding of the Vaiont disaster, this paper focuses on the results of analogue models designed to get insights into the internal and surficial deformation patterns that characterized the sliding rock mass. Plan view reconstructions of surface model displacement reveal that the rock mass is subdivided into compartments with different relative movements and differential rotations, believed to have played a significant role in causing the fast collapse. The deformation of the analogue models, compared with geological cross sections and in-situ data, suggests that sliding of the rock mass was accomplished by the development of some new (or the reactivation of pre-existing) fractures into the rock mass
Chiara Del Ventisette; Giovanni Gigli; Marco Bonini; Giacomo Corti; Domenico Montanari; Simone Santoro; Federico Sani; Riccardo Fanti; Nicola Casagli. Insights from analogue modelling into the deformation mechanism of the Vaiont landslide. Geomorphology 2015, 228, 52 -59.
AMA StyleChiara Del Ventisette, Giovanni Gigli, Marco Bonini, Giacomo Corti, Domenico Montanari, Simone Santoro, Federico Sani, Riccardo Fanti, Nicola Casagli. Insights from analogue modelling into the deformation mechanism of the Vaiont landslide. Geomorphology. 2015; 228 ():52-59.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiara Del Ventisette; Giovanni Gigli; Marco Bonini; Giacomo Corti; Domenico Montanari; Simone Santoro; Federico Sani; Riccardo Fanti; Nicola Casagli. 2015. "Insights from analogue modelling into the deformation mechanism of the Vaiont landslide." Geomorphology 228, no. : 52-59.
The potential use of the integration of PSI (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry) and GB-InSAR (Ground-based Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) for landslide hazard mitigation was evaluated for mapping and monitoring activities of the San Fratello landslide (Sicily, Italy). Intense and exceptional rainfall events are the main factors that triggered several slope movements in the study area, which is susceptible to landslides, because of its steep slopes and silty-clayey sedimentary cover.In the last three centuries, the town of San Fratello was affected by three large landslides, developed in different periods: the oldest one occurred in 1754, damaging the northeastern sector of the town; in 1922 a large landslide completely destroyed a wide area in the western hillside of the town. In this paper, the attention is focussed on the most recent landslide that occurred on 14 February 2010: in this case, the phenomenon produced the failure of a large sector of the eastern hillside, causing severe damages to buildings and infrastructures. In particular, several slow-moving rotational and translational slides occurred in the area, making it suitable to monitor ground instability through different InSAR techniques.PS-InSARâ\u84¢ (permanent scatterers SAR interferometry) techniques, using ERS-1/ERS-2, ENVISAT, RADARSAT-1, and COSMO-SkyMed SAR images, were applied to analyze ground displacements during pre- and post-event phases. Moreover, during the post-event phase in March 2010, a GB-InSAR system, able to acquire data continuously every 14. min, was installed collecting ground displacement maps for a period of about three years, until March 2013. Through the integration of space-borne and ground-based data sets, ground deformation velocity maps were obtained, providing a more accurate delimitation of the February 2010 landslide boundary, with respect to the carried out traditional geomorphological field survey. The integration of GB-InSAR and PSI techniques proved to be very effective in landslide mapping in the San Fratello test site, representing a valid scientific support for local authorities and decision makers during the post-emergency management. © 2014
Federica Bardi; William Frodella; Andrea Ciampalini; Silvia Bianchini; Chiara Del Ventisette; Giovanni Gigli; Riccardo Fanti; Sandro Moretti; Giuseppe Basile; Nicola Casagli. Integration between ground based and satellite SAR data in landslide mapping: The San Fratello case study. Geomorphology 2014, 223, 45 -60.
AMA StyleFederica Bardi, William Frodella, Andrea Ciampalini, Silvia Bianchini, Chiara Del Ventisette, Giovanni Gigli, Riccardo Fanti, Sandro Moretti, Giuseppe Basile, Nicola Casagli. Integration between ground based and satellite SAR data in landslide mapping: The San Fratello case study. Geomorphology. 2014; 223 ():45-60.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederica Bardi; William Frodella; Andrea Ciampalini; Silvia Bianchini; Chiara Del Ventisette; Giovanni Gigli; Riccardo Fanti; Sandro Moretti; Giuseppe Basile; Nicola Casagli. 2014. "Integration between ground based and satellite SAR data in landslide mapping: The San Fratello case study." Geomorphology 223, no. : 45-60.
Regional-scale forecasting of landslides is not a straightforward task. In this work, the spatiotemporal forecasting capability of a regional-scale landslide warning system was enhanced by integrating two different approaches. The temporal forecasting (i.e. when a landslide will occur) was accomplished by means of a system of statistical rainfall thresholds, while the spatial forecasting (i.e. where a landslide should be expected) was assessed using a susceptibility map. The test site was the Emilia Romagna region (Italy): the rainfall thresholds used were based on the rainfall amount accumulated over variable time windows, while the methodology used for the susceptibility mapping was the Bayesian tree random forest in the tree-bagger implementation. The coupling of these two methodologies allowed setting up a procedure that can assist the civil protection agencies during the alert phases to better define the areas that could be affected by landslides. A similar approach could be easily adjusted to other cases of study. A validation test was performed through a back analysis of the 2004–2010 records: the proposed approach would have led to define a more accurate location for 83 % of the landslides correctly forecasted by the regional warning system based on rainfall thresholds. This outcome provides a contribution to overcome the largely known drawback of regional warning systems based on rainfall thresholds, which presently can be used only to raise generic warnings relative to the whole area of application.
Samuele Segoni; Daniela Lagomarsino; Riccardo Fanti; Sandro Moretti; Nicola Casagli. Integration of rainfall thresholds and susceptibility maps in the Emilia Romagna (Italy) regional-scale landslide warning system. Landslides 2014, 12, 773 -785.
AMA StyleSamuele Segoni, Daniela Lagomarsino, Riccardo Fanti, Sandro Moretti, Nicola Casagli. Integration of rainfall thresholds and susceptibility maps in the Emilia Romagna (Italy) regional-scale landslide warning system. Landslides. 2014; 12 (4):773-785.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamuele Segoni; Daniela Lagomarsino; Riccardo Fanti; Sandro Moretti; Nicola Casagli. 2014. "Integration of rainfall thresholds and susceptibility maps in the Emilia Romagna (Italy) regional-scale landslide warning system." Landslides 12, no. 4: 773-785.
In this paper a geomorphological map of the Rotolon landslide is presented. This cartographic product was obtained using a combination of accurate field surveys together with airborne Lidar analysis, aerial photo interpretation and thermographic field surveys within a GIS. The map was prepared in order to analyze the morphological features of the landslide and therefore improve interpretation of the GB-InSAR data. This monitoring device was installed on the site after the detachment of a debris mass of 225,000 m3 on 4 November 2010. The main purpose of the post-event activities, including the geomorphological characterization, was to detect the processes acting on the landslide, evaluate the hazard related to each phenomenon, understand the landslide kinematics and define the residual risk for the area. The geomorphological map suggests that debris production and detachment are hazardous phenomena that involve the surficial detrital cover of a bigger and more complex landslide. The latter has the typical characteristics of a deep-seated gravitational slope deformation. The distinction between secondary processes, which appear to be the most hazardous in the short-term, and deep seated ones, demonstrates that accurate mapping provides important information for local administrations and decision makers, allowing them to prepare landslide susceptibility and hazard models.
William Frodella; Stefano Morelli; Francesco Fidolini; Veronica Pazzi; Riccardo Fanti. Geomorphology of the Rotolon landslide (Veneto Region, Italy). Journal of Maps 2013, 10, 394 -401.
AMA StyleWilliam Frodella, Stefano Morelli, Francesco Fidolini, Veronica Pazzi, Riccardo Fanti. Geomorphology of the Rotolon landslide (Veneto Region, Italy). Journal of Maps. 2013; 10 (3):394-401.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilliam Frodella; Stefano Morelli; Francesco Fidolini; Veronica Pazzi; Riccardo Fanti. 2013. "Geomorphology of the Rotolon landslide (Veneto Region, Italy)." Journal of Maps 10, no. 3: 394-401.
We propose a simple snow accumulation/melting model (SAMM) to be applied at regional scale in conjunction with landslide warning systems based on empirical rainfall thresholds. SAMM is based on two modules modelling the snow accumulation and the snowmelt processes. Each module is composed by two equations: a conservation of mass equation is solved to model snowpack thickness and an empirical equation for the snow density. The model depends on 13 empirical parameters, whose optimal values were defined with an optimisation algorithm (simplex flexible) using calibration measures of snowpack thickness. From an operational point of view, SAMM uses as input data only temperature and rainfall measurements, bringing about the additional benefit of a relatively easy implementation. After performing a cross validation and a comparison with two simpler temperature index models, we simulated an operational employment in a regional scale landslide early warning system (EWS) and we found that the EWS forecasting effectiveness was substantially improved when used in conjunction with SAMM.
G. Martelloni; Samuele Segoni; Daniela Lagomarsino; Riccardo Fanti; Filippo Catani. Snow accumulation/melting model (SAMM) for integrated use in regional scale landslide early warning systems. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2013, 17, 1229 -1240.
AMA StyleG. Martelloni, Samuele Segoni, Daniela Lagomarsino, Riccardo Fanti, Filippo Catani. Snow accumulation/melting model (SAMM) for integrated use in regional scale landslide early warning systems. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2013; 17 (3):1229-1240.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Martelloni; Samuele Segoni; Daniela Lagomarsino; Riccardo Fanti; Filippo Catani. 2013. "Snow accumulation/melting model (SAMM) for integrated use in regional scale landslide early warning systems." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 3: 1229-1240.