A large portion of global grape production has been utilized for wine production, accompanied by tremendous pressure to dispose grape pomace. To achieve circular economy, the high-value recycling of grape pomace must be considered. The social level barriers to circular economy promotion are also important constraints, like the acceptability of upcycled products. The main components of grape pomace and their utilization are summarized, and critical reviews of green extraction methods analyzed the key points of grape pomace recycling process to achieve the goal of sustainability in the production process, culminating in discussions of the factors affecting the acceptability of upcycled products. Grape pomace bioactive substances have higher added value. To realize its green extraction, various emerging technologies need to be made a comprehensive choice. Nevertheless, the acceptability of upcycled products is influenced by personal, context and product factors, optimizing them is essential to remove the constraints of circular economy development.

Flavonoids have been reported to play an essential role in modulating processes of cellular redox homeostasis such as scavenging ROS. Meanwhile, they also induce oxidative stress that exerts potent antitumor bioactivity. However, the contradiction between these two aspects still remains unclear. In this study, four typical flavonoids were selected and studied. The results showed that low-dose flavonoids slightly promoted the proliferation of breast cancer cells under normal growth via gradually reducing accumulated oxidative products and demonstrated a synergistic effect with reductants NAC or VC. Besides, low-dose flavonoids significantly reduced the content of ROS and MDA induced by LPS or Rosup but restored the activity of SOD. However, high-dose flavonoids markedly triggered the cell death via oxidative stress as evidenced by upregulated ROS, MDA and downregulated SOD activity that could be partly rescued by NAC pretreatment, which was also confirmed by antioxidative gene expression levels. The underlying mechanism of such induced cell death was pinpointed as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, accumulated mitochondrial superoxide, impaired mitochondrial function and decreased ATP synthesis. Transcriptomic analysis of apigenin and quercetin uncovered that high-dose flavonoids activated TNF-α signaling, as verified through detecting inflammatory gene levels in breast cancer cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, we identified that BRCA1 overexpression effectively attenuated such oxidative stress, inflammation and inhibited ATP synthesis induced by LPS or high dose of flavonoids possibly through repairing DNA damage, revealing an indispensable biological function of BRCA1 in resisting oxidative damage and inflammatory stimulation caused by exogenous factors.

Color is a crucial sensory indicator of wine quality. However, changes in anthocyanin concentration and profile occur during wine aging, resulting in noticeable reductions in chroma and shifts in hue from purple to brick red. This is because monomeric anthocyanins degrade and derivative anthocyanins form. The rate of color changes can vary depending on complex factors, such as the anthocyanin content of the must, oenological technology, and environmental conditions, which makes the management of red wine color evolution challenging. To address this issue, appropriate winemaking techniques are required to achieve an elegant wine color. This review summarizes the mechanisms related to anthocyanin stability, including glycosylation, acetylation, and derivatization. The review also discusses factors influencing red wine color fading for specific grape varieties and wine appellations, offering time- and cost-efficient techniques to accelerate anthocyanin derivatization and color stabilization.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been recognized as an energy‐consuming organ and a possible target for combating metabolism disorder. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the ability of phytochemical phenolic acids to improve obesity by activating BAT, the underlying mechanism or mechanism therein remain obscure. In this study, diet‐induced obese mice, genetically obese mice, and C3H10T1/2 cells were used to examine the effects of p‐Coumaric acid (CA) on metabolism profiles. The results showed that CA prevented metabolic syndromes in the two mice models through the activation of BAT. This phenomenon was closely linked to the upregulation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and the accelerated burning of fatty acids and glucose, which consequently enhanced the energy expenditure and thermogenesis. Similar results were also obtained in vitro. Importantly, these effects were mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)‐RPS6 pathway. These findings reveal, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, the close correlation between mTORC1‐RPS6 and BAT‐mediated thermogenesis, and, in addition, the key role played by mTORC1‐RPS6 in mediating phenolic acids‐induced activation of BAT, thus preventing obesity.