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Sebastian Will works as Project Manager at the Wuerzburger Institut für Verkehrswissenschaften (WIVW GmbH). He studied psychology at the University of Wuerzburg and graduated in 2012 (diploma). While working at the University of Wuerzburg as researcher and lecturer he joined WIVW in 2012 to work in the field of human factors research. He finished his PhD in 2017 (University of Wuerzburg). Research interests are driver assistance, human-machine interaction, workload, presence in virtual environments and driving simulation. All topics with special focus on Powered Two-Wheeler riders.
Personal transport is of high importance in our society and the 2020 pandemic situation has reinforced this situation. At the same time, transport contributes to local emissions, which need to be reduced in the face of climate change. Changing from vehicles with internal combustion engines to light electric vehicles could be one promising approach. Therefore, we need to understand mobility patterns and attitudes towards E-mobility to create sustainable transport solutions that will be broadly accepted. An online survey with N = 432 participants across Europe was conducted. The majority of respondents came from Germany, followed by Italy, Austria and Sweden. Generally, cars are the main vehicle for personal transport. PTWs are used for commuting as well as leisure activity. Driving experience, easier parking and lower maintenance compared to cars are major reasons to choose a PTW. No differences between younger and elderly participants were observed. E-PTWs are primarily avoided due to high costs, range anxiety and expected problems with the charging infrastructure. To support sustainable mobility, these obstacles need to be overcome. One aspect is definitely the provision of better charging infrastructure or electric vehicles with increased range. Hence, given typical trip lengths and purposes, it might seem equally important to tackle prejudices and increase the knowledge about E-mobility with all its potential benefits in the population.
Sebastian Will; Claudia Luger-Bazinger; Marcus Schmitt; Cornelia Zankl. Towards the Future of Sustainable Mobility: Results from a European Survey on (Electric) Powered-Two Wheelers. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7151 .
AMA StyleSebastian Will, Claudia Luger-Bazinger, Marcus Schmitt, Cornelia Zankl. Towards the Future of Sustainable Mobility: Results from a European Survey on (Electric) Powered-Two Wheelers. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Will; Claudia Luger-Bazinger; Marcus Schmitt; Cornelia Zankl. 2021. "Towards the Future of Sustainable Mobility: Results from a European Survey on (Electric) Powered-Two Wheelers." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7151.
Powered two-wheelers are a common means of transport all over the world. In several countries, primary motorcycles with high displacement involve another purpose, namely motorcycling is a leisure activity. Motorcycles are used as tools of transport pleasure as opposed to being purely used for individual commuting purposes. The aim of the current study involves investigating the relation between experienced riding pleasure and riding behavior in a field test. Specifically, N = 12 motorcyclists between 21 and 66 years of age were observed while riding for approximately 8 h on public roads. The measurement setup included a logger for vehicle dynamics and vehicle handling data, GNSS data, video data, and subjective measures recorded as audio comments at predefined points of interest along the round course. A comprehensive dataset with more than 6000 km of motorcycling was gathered. The results indicate that parameters of lateral vehicle behavior, such as the maximum lean angle, reflected riding pleasure. Interestingly, this is applicable for curvy sections as well as straight roads. High ratings of riding pleasure correlated with riding in snaky lines as a type of self-stimulation on straight sections. Longitudinal vehicle dynamics, such as the range of accelerations, tend to increase with the riding pleasure in curves. Hence, the effects are smaller than those for lateral vehicle behavior and not visible on straight sections. Generally, curvy sections on rural roads produce higher pleasure than straight roads. On a global level, riding pleasure increases during the first few hours of riding and subsequently decreases with respect to the time on task. The results are discussed in the context of studies on driving pleasure from the automotive sector and more fundamental psychological theories that explain pleasure as a physiological stimulation or flow. Several individuals ride motorcycles to experience pleasure. A better understanding of rider behavior in these situations can aid in deriving proper assistance and to provide individual support to a rider, thereby increasing riding pleasure as well as safety.
Sebastian Will; Barbara Metz; Thomas Hammer; Raphael Pleß; Matthias Mörbe; Markus Henzler; Frederik Harnischmacher. Relation between riding pleasure and vehicle dynamics - Results from a motorcycle field test. Applied Ergonomics 2020, 90, 103231 .
AMA StyleSebastian Will, Barbara Metz, Thomas Hammer, Raphael Pleß, Matthias Mörbe, Markus Henzler, Frederik Harnischmacher. Relation between riding pleasure and vehicle dynamics - Results from a motorcycle field test. Applied Ergonomics. 2020; 90 ():103231.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Will; Barbara Metz; Thomas Hammer; Raphael Pleß; Matthias Mörbe; Markus Henzler; Frederik Harnischmacher. 2020. "Relation between riding pleasure and vehicle dynamics - Results from a motorcycle field test." Applied Ergonomics 90, no. : 103231.
In recent decades, methods to realize naturalistic driving studies have been established to investigate the driver behavior under realistic conditions. Compared to the research on passenger cars, the naturalistic behavior of motorcycle riders is still rather unclear from a scientific point of view. However, understanding this behavior can contribute to the development of accident countermeasures. To this end, naturalistic driving methods can be applied to motorcycling. The objective of this study was to present a methodological approach to conduct a naturalistic riding investigation. The methodological considerations were supported by sample results on the rider profile assessment by using g-g diagrams (combination of longitudinal and lateral accelerations). The focus was on observable and measurable vehicle dynamics as a result of the rider input. A three-step approach was adopted, consisting of a pilot study, controlled main study, and naturalistic riding study. The first phase aimed at defining a measurement setup and investigating the general feasibility of using g-g diagrams for rider profile detection. The second phase involved experimental techniques. A heterogenous rider panel was observed in a quasi-controlled setup to better interpret the variations in data patterns resulting from the individual rider behavior opposed to, e.g., road type. The third phase involved the conduct of the naturalistic riding study. Three rider profiles were identified by considering the combinations of lateral and longitudinal accelerations. As a relevant indicator, the qualitatively assessed shape of the g-g diagrams developed rapidly and remained stable over time.
Sebastian Will; Barbara Metz; Thomas Hammer; Matthias Mörbe; Markus Henzler; Frederik Harnischmacher; Gerald Matschl. Methodological considerations regarding motorcycle naturalistic riding investigations based on the use of g-g diagrams for rider profile detection. Safety Science 2020, 129, 104840 .
AMA StyleSebastian Will, Barbara Metz, Thomas Hammer, Matthias Mörbe, Markus Henzler, Frederik Harnischmacher, Gerald Matschl. Methodological considerations regarding motorcycle naturalistic riding investigations based on the use of g-g diagrams for rider profile detection. Safety Science. 2020; 129 ():104840.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Will; Barbara Metz; Thomas Hammer; Matthias Mörbe; Markus Henzler; Frederik Harnischmacher; Gerald Matschl. 2020. "Methodological considerations regarding motorcycle naturalistic riding investigations based on the use of g-g diagrams for rider profile detection." Safety Science 129, no. : 104840.
Objective: Active safety systems, of which antilock braking is a prominent example, are going to play an important role to improve powered two-wheeler (PTW) safety. This paper presents a systematic review of the scientific literature on active safety for PTWs. The aim was to list all systems under development, identify knowledge gaps and recognize promising research areas that require further efforts. Methods: A broad search using “safety” as the main keyword was performed on Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar, followed by manual screening to identify eligible papers that underwent a full-text review. Finally, the selected papers were grouped by general technology type and analyzed via structured form to identify the following: specific active safety system, study type, outcome type, population/sample where applicable, and overall findings. Results: Of the 8,000 papers identified with the initial search, 85 were selected for full-text review and 62 were finally included in the study, of which 34 were journal papers. The general technology types identified included antilock braking system, autonomous emergency braking, collision avoidance, intersection support, intelligent transportation systems, curve warning, human machine interface systems, stability control, traction control, and vision assistance. Approximately one third of the studies considered the design and early stage testing of safety systems (n. 22); almost one fourth (n.15) included evaluations of system effectiveness. Conclusions: Our systematic review shows that a multiplicity of active safety systems for PTWs were examined in the scientific literature, but the levels of development are diverse. A few systems are currently available in the series production, whereas other systems are still at the level of early-stage prototypes. Safety benefit assessments were conducted for single systems, however, organized comparisons between systems that may inform the prioritization of future research are lacking. Another area of future analysis is on the combined effects of different safety systems, that may be capitalized for better performance and to maximize the safety impact of new technologies.
Giovanni Savino; Roberto Lot; Matteo Massaro; Matteo Rizzi; Ioannis Symeonidis; Sebastian Will; Julie Brown. Active safety systems for powered two-wheelers: A systematic review. Traffic Injury Prevention 2020, 21, 78 -86.
AMA StyleGiovanni Savino, Roberto Lot, Matteo Massaro, Matteo Rizzi, Ioannis Symeonidis, Sebastian Will, Julie Brown. Active safety systems for powered two-wheelers: A systematic review. Traffic Injury Prevention. 2020; 21 (1):78-86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Savino; Roberto Lot; Matteo Massaro; Matteo Rizzi; Ioannis Symeonidis; Sebastian Will; Julie Brown. 2020. "Active safety systems for powered two-wheelers: A systematic review." Traffic Injury Prevention 21, no. 1: 78-86.
A riding simulator study (n = 14) was conducted in order to test the sensitivity of performance measures, subjective ratings as well as physiological measures in controlled variations of rider workload. In a second study (n = 15), these parameters were used in order to assess the effects of different secondary tasks. The task of operating an on-bike information system led to the highest workload, for example, indicated by deteriorated lane keeping and higher subjective ratings compared with a simple visual, an auditory and no secondary task at all. The third study (n = 18) focused on the effects of eyes-off road while riding using the method of occlusion. This revealed that the participants felt safe to black out the scenery quite often and long. Periods of occlusion were related to a higher mean velocity and a tendency to ride more on the left side of the lane compared with riding with enabled projection.
Sebastian Will; Eike Andreas Schmidt. Powered two wheelers’ workload assessment with various methods using a motorcycle simulator. IET Intelligent Transport Systems 2015, 9, 702 -709.
AMA StyleSebastian Will, Eike Andreas Schmidt. Powered two wheelers’ workload assessment with various methods using a motorcycle simulator. IET Intelligent Transport Systems. 2015; 9 (7):702-709.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Will; Eike Andreas Schmidt. 2015. "Powered two wheelers’ workload assessment with various methods using a motorcycle simulator." IET Intelligent Transport Systems 9, no. 7: 702-709.