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Climate change is unequivocal. Farmers are increasingly vulnerable to floods and drought. In this article, the negative impact of climate hazards on rice cultivation in the Tonle Sap and Mekong River influenced by climatic variability between 1994 and 2018 are analyzed. A cohort of 536 households from four Cambodian districts participated in household surveys designed to consider how various vulnerability factors interacted across this time series. It was found that: (i) The major climate hazards affecting rice production between 1994 and 2018 were frequent and extreme flood and drought events caused by rainfall variability; (ii) In 2018, extreme flood and drought occurred in the same rice cultivation cycle. The impact caused by each hazard across each region were similar; (iii) An empirical model was used to demonstrate that drought events tend to limit access to irrigation, impact rice production, and result in an increased prevalence of water-borne diseases. Flood events cause reduced rice production, damage to housing, and impede children from accessing education. The impact of drought events on rice production was found to be more severe than flood events; however, each climatic hazard caused physical, economic, social, and environmental vulnerabilities. It is recommended that sufficient human and financial resources are distributed to local authorities to implement adaptation measures that prepare rice farmers for flood and drought events and promote equitable access to water resources.
Serey Sok; Nyda Chhinh; Sanara Hor; Pheakdey Nguonphan. Climate Change Impacts on Rice Cultivation: A Comparative Study of the Tonle Sap and Mekong River. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8979 .
AMA StyleSerey Sok, Nyda Chhinh, Sanara Hor, Pheakdey Nguonphan. Climate Change Impacts on Rice Cultivation: A Comparative Study of the Tonle Sap and Mekong River. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8979.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSerey Sok; Nyda Chhinh; Sanara Hor; Pheakdey Nguonphan. 2021. "Climate Change Impacts on Rice Cultivation: A Comparative Study of the Tonle Sap and Mekong River." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8979.
The paper examines and compares the transnational labour migration from Cambodia to Malaysia and South Korea, based on the first-hand data and information collected through in-depth interviews with concerned migrant labour. The study sheds light on that the Cambodian workers have changed to engage in new types of unskilled jobs when they move to work in Malaysia and South Korea, which are different from their occupations in Cambodia. The study demonstrates that labour migration to Malaysia and South Korea has helped maximizing the incomes of concerned households through sending remittance as a prevalent mode of risk minimisation. This study sheds light on the different patterns between the migrants in Malaysia and South Korea in two aspects: 1) remittance to home: the vast majority of the migrant workers in South Korea sent their salaries back home by remittance, while those in Malaysia sent limited remittance back home; 2) different mechanisms: scheme of Government-Agency (G-A) for emigration to Malaysia and Government-Government (G-G) for that to South Korea. The study enriches the literature on transnational labour migration by the evidence of brain drain from Cambodia to South Korea and Malaysia.
Serey Sok; Chun Yang. Brawn Drain from Cambodia: A Comparative Study of Transnational Labour Migration to Malaysia and South Korea. Bandung 2021, 8, 22 -44.
AMA StyleSerey Sok, Chun Yang. Brawn Drain from Cambodia: A Comparative Study of Transnational Labour Migration to Malaysia and South Korea. Bandung. 2021; 8 (1):22-44.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSerey Sok; Chun Yang. 2021. "Brawn Drain from Cambodia: A Comparative Study of Transnational Labour Migration to Malaysia and South Korea." Bandung 8, no. 1: 22-44.
In Cambodia, fishery co-management is an important process to transfer authority and ownership to the communities along the Tonle Sap Lake to manage fishery. This paper aims to determine why the co-management of small-scale fishery has not been implemented satisfactorily in the Tonle Sap Lake of Cambodia. The research was primarily based on a household survey among 404 households for quantitative data, equally divided between the Cham (202 households) and Khmer (202 households). Participatory process was also applied to collect qualitative data from key stakeholders. We found that limited interaction among the involved stakeholders, i.e., unequal distribution of authority and resources co-management, has impeded implementation. The engagement of fisherfolk was influenced by dependence on fishery, law enforcement, and events organized by the communities. While the Khmer had better opportunities to participate in planning at the provincial and district levels, the Cham were only engaged in local development activities initiated by their people. However, the latter evinced a higher rate of satisfaction due to their access to fishery resources and to a large quantity of fishing gear. In the future, efforts should be made to: (1) improve resource and authority sharing among all key stakeholders; (2) urgently resolve issues pertinent to capacity building, insufficient budgets for commune councils (CoCs) and community fishery (CFi); and (3) urge law enforcement regarding illegal fishing.
Serey Sok; Xiaojiang Yu. Co-management of small-scale fishery in the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia. Regional Sustainability 2021, 2, 1 -11.
AMA StyleSerey Sok, Xiaojiang Yu. Co-management of small-scale fishery in the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia. Regional Sustainability. 2021; 2 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSerey Sok; Xiaojiang Yu. 2021. "Co-management of small-scale fishery in the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia." Regional Sustainability 2, no. 1: 1-11.
This article investigates the working and living conditions of Cambodian temporary labour migrant workers in Malaysia. Specifically, the types of employment accessed, the vulnerabilities experienced because of these conditions and the institutional support available to these workers are studied in detail. A mixed method study conducted in Malaysia and Cambodia found that relevant legal mechanisms are not well enforced and the rights of Cambodian temporary migrant workers in Malaysia are not well-protected. Expensive working permits, abuse by employers and irresponsible recruitment agencies contribute significantly to the social vulnerability experienced. Current support mechanisms have not helped to establish appropriate working and living conditions and this has led to an increase in the exploitation, trafficking and human rights abuses experienced by workers. In Malaysia, Cambodian labour is most often employed in factories and as sellers or domestic servants. The latter group is found to be the most vulnerable. Despite indicating that they receive fair wages, many workers do not receive the bonuses, deferred pay, paid overtime, sick leave, insurance, training or promotion, which they believe they are entitled to. The worst working conditions are experienced by unregistered workers, whose legal status is exploited by employers and law enforcement officials.
Serey Sok. Challenges and constraints in achieving appropriate working and living conditions for Cambodian temporary migrant workers in Malaysia. South East Asia Research 2019, 27, 361 -377.
AMA StyleSerey Sok. Challenges and constraints in achieving appropriate working and living conditions for Cambodian temporary migrant workers in Malaysia. South East Asia Research. 2019; 27 (4):361-377.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSerey Sok. 2019. "Challenges and constraints in achieving appropriate working and living conditions for Cambodian temporary migrant workers in Malaysia." South East Asia Research 27, no. 4: 361-377.