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Antonio Belcari
Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 29 December 2020 in The Korean Journal of Parasitology
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In Europe, 5 Lipoptena species have been recorded, including Lipoptena fortisetosa. This species, native to Asian countries, was described as a parasite of sika deer and its appearance in Europe dates back to more than 50 years ago. Lipoptena fortisetosa has been recently reported in Italy, sharing its hosts with Lipoptena cervi. A morpho-molecular approach was developed to determine the phylogenetic interrelationship of Italian and Asian CO1 haplotypes sequenced from Lipoptena fly individuals collected in Italy, and their DNA sequences were compared with conspecifics available in GenBank; morphological key-characters (terminalia) of L. fortisetosa were compared with the original description. Two haplotypes were recorded from Italy and assigned to L. cervi and L. fortisetosa, respectively. The latter was part of the monophyletic clade L. fortisetosa, along with 2 Central European and 2 Korean haplotypes (100% identical with one of the Korean haplotypes); moreover, Italian L. fortisetosa female terminalia were consistent with the original description of Asian individuals. Pending more in-depth investigations, this study provides a first answer to the hypothesis of the recent colonization of Italy by L. fortisetosa from Asia as we did not detect any obvious and stable morphological and molecular differences in specimens from the 2 geographical areas. The presence of the sika deer in Europe was retraced and the possible route traveled by the parasite from Asia and the eco-biological factors that may have enhanced its settlement are discussed.

ACS Style

Annalisa Andreani; Annunziata Giangaspero; Marianna Marangi; Alessandra Barlaam; Maria Paola Ponzetta; Lise Roy; Antonio Belcari; Patrizia Sacchetti. Asia and Europe: So Distant So Close? The Case of Lipoptena fortisetosa in Italy. The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2020, 58, 661 -668.

AMA Style

Annalisa Andreani, Annunziata Giangaspero, Marianna Marangi, Alessandra Barlaam, Maria Paola Ponzetta, Lise Roy, Antonio Belcari, Patrizia Sacchetti. Asia and Europe: So Distant So Close? The Case of Lipoptena fortisetosa in Italy. The Korean Journal of Parasitology. 2020; 58 (6):661-668.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Annalisa Andreani; Annunziata Giangaspero; Marianna Marangi; Alessandra Barlaam; Maria Paola Ponzetta; Lise Roy; Antonio Belcari; Patrizia Sacchetti. 2020. "Asia and Europe: So Distant So Close? The Case of Lipoptena fortisetosa in Italy." The Korean Journal of Parasitology 58, no. 6: 661-668.

Encyclopedia
Published: 29 August 2020 in Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences
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Ked and bat flies (superfamily Hippoboscoidea) are ectoparasites of primary veterinary importance, for both livestock and wildlife. Besides, they may be relevant also for the public health since can attack accidentally also humans producing in some cases severe pathologies. Their peculiar morphological structures, evolved during the adaptation process, allowed them to live together with the hosts during their whole life, thanks to the presence of flattened and sclerotized body, as well as of legs provided with strongly developed claws and adhesion organs. All these species are hematophagous and both sexes feed on the victim blood with a typical trophic behaviour present in all the members of this superfamily. Due to this characteristic, these flies are involved potentially in the transmission of pathogens responsible of diseases and/or zoonoses.

ACS Style

Annalisa Andreani; Patrizia Sacchetti; Antonio Belcari. Keds and Bat Flies (Hippoboscidae, Nycteribiidae and Streblidae). Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Annalisa Andreani, Patrizia Sacchetti, Antonio Belcari. Keds and Bat Flies (Hippoboscidae, Nycteribiidae and Streblidae). Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Annalisa Andreani; Patrizia Sacchetti; Antonio Belcari. 2020. "Keds and Bat Flies (Hippoboscidae, Nycteribiidae and Streblidae)." Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 10 June 2020 in Insect Science
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Investigations on microbial symbioses in Tephritidae have increased over the past 30 years owing to the potential use of these relationships in developing new control strategies for economically important fruit flies. Bactrocera oleae (Rossi)—the olive fruit fly—is a monophagous species strictly associated with the olive tree, and among all the tephritids, its symbionts are the most investigated. The bacterium Candidatus Erwinia dacicola is the major persistent resident endosymbiont in wild B. oleae populations. Its relationship with B. oleae has been investigated since being identified in 2005. This endosymbiont is vertically transmitted through generations from the female to the egg. It exists at every developmental stage, although it is more abundant in larvae and ovipositing females, and is necessary for both larvae and adults. Studying B. oleae–Ca . E. dacicola, or other B. oleae –microbe interactions, will allow us to develop modern biological control systems for area‐wide olive protection and set an example for similar programs in other important food crops. This review summarizes the information available on tephritid–microbe interactions and investigates relationships among fruit flies, bacteria and host plants; however, its focus is on B. oleae and its strict association with Ca . E. dacicola to promote environmentally friendly control strategies for area‐wide pest management.

ACS Style

Gaia Bigiotti; Patrizia Sacchetti; Roberta Pastorelli; Carol R. Lauzon; Antonio Belcari. Bacterial symbiosis in Bactrocera oleae , an Achilles’ heel for its pest control. Insect Science 2020, 28, 874 -884.

AMA Style

Gaia Bigiotti, Patrizia Sacchetti, Roberta Pastorelli, Carol R. Lauzon, Antonio Belcari. Bacterial symbiosis in Bactrocera oleae , an Achilles’ heel for its pest control. Insect Science. 2020; 28 (4):874-884.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaia Bigiotti; Patrizia Sacchetti; Roberta Pastorelli; Carol R. Lauzon; Antonio Belcari. 2020. "Bacterial symbiosis in Bactrocera oleae , an Achilles’ heel for its pest control." Insect Science 28, no. 4: 874-884.

Journal article
Published: 18 December 2019 in BMC Biotechnology
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Background The symbiosis between the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, and Candidatus Erwinia dacicola has been demonstrated as essential for the fly’s larval development and adult physiology. The mass rearing of the olive fruit fly has been hindered by several issues, including problems which could be related to the lack of the symbiont, presumably due to preservatives and antibiotics currently used during rearing under laboratory conditions. To better understand the mechanisms underlying symbiont removal or loss during the rearing of lab colonies of the olive fruit fly, we performed experiments that focused on bacterial transfer from wild female flies to their eggs. In this research, eggs laid by wild females were treated with propionic acid solution, which is often used as an antifungal agent, a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and Triton X, or water (as a control). The presence of the bacterial symbiont on eggs was evaluated by real-time PCR and scanning electron microscopy. Results DGGE analysis showed a clear band with the same migration behavior present in all DGGE profiles but with a decreasing intensity. Molecular analyses performed by real-time PCR showed a significant reduction in Ca. E. dacicola abundance in eggs treated with propionic acid solution or a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and Triton X compared to those treated with water. In addition, the removal of bacteria from the surfaces of treated eggs was highlighted by scanning electron microscopy. Conclusions The results clearly indicate how the first phases of the colony-establishment process are important in maintaining the symbiont load in laboratory populations and suggest that the use of products with antimicrobial activity should be avoided. The results also suggest that alternative rearing procedures for the olive fruit fly should be investigated.

ACS Style

Patrizia Sacchetti; Roberta Pastorelli; Gaia Bigiotti; Roberto Guidi; Sara Ruschioni; Carlo Viti; Antonio Belcari. Olive fruit fly rearing procedures affect the vertical transmission of the bacterial symbiont Candidatus Erwinia dacicola. BMC Biotechnology 2019, 19, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Patrizia Sacchetti, Roberta Pastorelli, Gaia Bigiotti, Roberto Guidi, Sara Ruschioni, Carlo Viti, Antonio Belcari. Olive fruit fly rearing procedures affect the vertical transmission of the bacterial symbiont Candidatus Erwinia dacicola. BMC Biotechnology. 2019; 19 (2):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patrizia Sacchetti; Roberta Pastorelli; Gaia Bigiotti; Roberto Guidi; Sara Ruschioni; Carlo Viti; Antonio Belcari. 2019. "Olive fruit fly rearing procedures affect the vertical transmission of the bacterial symbiont Candidatus Erwinia dacicola." BMC Biotechnology 19, no. 2: 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 18 December 2019 in BMC Biotechnology
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Background The olive fly, Bactrocera oleae, is the most important insect pest in olive production, causing economic damage to olive crops worldwide. In addition to extensive research on B. oleae control methods, scientists have devoted much effort in the last century to understanding olive fly endosymbiosis with a bacterium eventually identified as Candidatus Erwinia dacicola. This bacterium plays a relevant role in olive fly fitness. It is vertically transmitted, and it benefits both larvae and adults in wild populations; however, the endosymbiont is not present in lab colonies, probably due to the antibiotics and preservatives required for the preparation of artificial diets. Endosymbiont transfer from wild B. oleae populations to laboratory-reared ones allows olive fly mass-rearing, thus producing more competitive flies for future Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) applications. Results We tested the hypothesis that Ca. E. dacicola might be transmitted from wild, naturally symbiotic adults to laboratory-reared flies. Several trials have been performed with different contamination sources of Ca. E. dacicola, such as ripe olives and gelled water contaminated by wild flies, wax domes containing eggs laid by wild females, cages dirtied by faeces dropped by wild flies and matings between lab and wild adults. PCR-DGGE, performed with the primer set 63F-GC/518R, demonstrated that the transfer of the endosymbiont from wild flies to lab-reared ones occurred only in the case of cohabitation. Conclusions Cohabitation of symbiotic wild flies and non-symbiotic lab flies allows the transfer of Ca. E. dacicola through adults. Moreover, PCR-DGGE performed with the primer set 63F-GC/518R was shown to be a consistent method for screening Ca. E. dacicola, also showing the potential to distinguish between the two haplotypes (htA and htB). This study represents the first successful attempt at horizontal transfer of Ca. E. dacicola and the first step in acquiring a better understanding of the endosymbiont physiology and its relationship with the olive fly. Our research also represents a starting point for the development of a laboratory symbiotic olive fly colony, improving perspectives for future applications of the Sterile Insect Technique.

ACS Style

Gaia Bigiotti; Roberta Pastorelli; Roberto Guidi; Antonio Belcari; Patrizia Sacchetti. Horizontal transfer and finalization of a reliable detection method for the olive fruit fly endosymbiont, Candidatus Erwinia dacicola. BMC Biotechnology 2019, 19, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Gaia Bigiotti, Roberta Pastorelli, Roberto Guidi, Antonio Belcari, Patrizia Sacchetti. Horizontal transfer and finalization of a reliable detection method for the olive fruit fly endosymbiont, Candidatus Erwinia dacicola. BMC Biotechnology. 2019; 19 (2):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaia Bigiotti; Roberta Pastorelli; Roberto Guidi; Antonio Belcari; Patrizia Sacchetti. 2019. "Horizontal transfer and finalization of a reliable detection method for the olive fruit fly endosymbiont, Candidatus Erwinia dacicola." BMC Biotechnology 19, no. 2: 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2019 in Insects
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The dried fruit beetle (Carpophilus hemipterus) is considered a key pest of dates, infesting fruits both in the field and during storage. Control measures against the species rely on the use of chemicals or heat treatments based on sunlight, hot air or radio frequency (RF) applications. Previous investigations that have aimed to define control procedures for a total disinfestation using RF treatments with different exposure durations have shown the typical behavior of adults in some trials, which, under the influence of temperature increases, started to escape from infested fruits. We focused on the application of different RF voltage-time combinations to induce the emigration of C. hemipterus adults from dates in order to produce a complete disinfestation. The results showed that the application of 2500 V RF for 8–10 min to infested dates resulted in nearly 100% of adults escaping from fruits, thereby cleaning the commodity with low or no mortality inside and outside the dates. These achievements provide a new strategy for controlling key insect pests of dates that could be applied at an industrial scale, allowing for the quick disinfestation of fruits without affecting the fruit with harmful substances, such as residues from chemical treatments, and without unwanted side effects on date quality.

ACS Style

Marzia Cristiana Rosi; Francesco Garbati Pegna; Anita Nencioni; Roberto Guidi; Michele Bicego; Antonio Belcari; Patrizia Sacchetti. Emigration Effects Induced by Radio Frequency Treatment to Dates Infested by Carpophilus hemipterus. Insects 2019, 10, 273 .

AMA Style

Marzia Cristiana Rosi, Francesco Garbati Pegna, Anita Nencioni, Roberto Guidi, Michele Bicego, Antonio Belcari, Patrizia Sacchetti. Emigration Effects Induced by Radio Frequency Treatment to Dates Infested by Carpophilus hemipterus. Insects. 2019; 10 (9):273.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marzia Cristiana Rosi; Francesco Garbati Pegna; Anita Nencioni; Roberto Guidi; Michele Bicego; Antonio Belcari; Patrizia Sacchetti. 2019. "Emigration Effects Induced by Radio Frequency Treatment to Dates Infested by Carpophilus hemipterus." Insects 10, no. 9: 273.

Other
Published: 11 July 2018
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Background: The symbiosis between the olive fruit fly,Bactrocera oleae, andCandidatusErwinia dacicola has been demonstrated as essential for the fly’s larval development and adult physiology. The mass rearing of the olive fruit fly has been hindered by several issues, including problems which could be related to the lack of the symbiont, presumably due to preservatives and antibiotics currently used in the laboratory. To better understand the mechanisms underlying symbiont removal or loss during the rearing of lab colonies of the olive fruit fly, we performed experiments that focused on bacterial transfer from wild female flies to their eggs. In this research, eggs laid by wild females were treated with propionic acid solution, which is often used as an antifungal agent, a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and Triton X, or water (as a control). The presence of the bacterial symbiont on eggs was evaluated by real-time PCR and scanning electron microscopy.Results: DGGE analysis showed a clear band with the same migration behavior present in all DGGE profiles but with a decreasing intensity. Molecular analyses performed by real-time PCR showed a significant reduction inCa. E. dacicola abundance in eggs treated with propionic acid solution or a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and Triton X compared to those treated with water. In addition, the removal of bacteria from the surfaces of treated eggs was highlighted by scanning electron microscopy.Conclusions: The results clearly indicate how the first phases of the colony-establishment process are important in maintaining the symbiont load in laboratory populations and suggest that the use of products with antimicrobial activity should be avoided. The results also suggest that alternative rearing procedures for the olive fruit fly should be investigated.

ACS Style

Patrizia Sacchetti; Roberta Pastorelli; Gaia Bigiotti; Roberto Guidi; Sara Ruschioni; Carlo Viti; Antonio Belcari. Olive fruit fly rearing procedures affect the vertical transmission of the bacterial symbiontCandidatusErwinia dacicola. 2018, 367417 .

AMA Style

Patrizia Sacchetti, Roberta Pastorelli, Gaia Bigiotti, Roberto Guidi, Sara Ruschioni, Carlo Viti, Antonio Belcari. Olive fruit fly rearing procedures affect the vertical transmission of the bacterial symbiontCandidatusErwinia dacicola. . 2018; ():367417.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patrizia Sacchetti; Roberta Pastorelli; Gaia Bigiotti; Roberto Guidi; Sara Ruschioni; Carlo Viti; Antonio Belcari. 2018. "Olive fruit fly rearing procedures affect the vertical transmission of the bacterial symbiontCandidatusErwinia dacicola." , no. : 367417.

Other
Published: 18 May 2018
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BackgroundThe olive fly,Bactrocera oleae, is the most important insect pest in olive production, causing economic damage to olive crops worldwide. In addition to extensive research onB. oleaecontrol methods, scientists have devoted much effort in the last century to understanding olive fly endosymbiosis with a bacterium eventually identified asCandidatusErwinia dacicola. This bacterium plays a relevant role in olive fly fitness. It is vertically transmitted, and it benefits both larvae and adults in wild populations; however, the endosymbiont is not present in lab colonies, probably due to the antibiotics and preservatives required for the preparation of artificial diets. Endosymbiont transfer from wildB. oleaepopulations to laboratory-reared ones allows olive fly mass-rearing, thus producing more competitive flies for future Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) applications.ResultsWe tested the hypothesis thatCa.E. dacicola might be transmitted from wild, naturally symbiotic adults to laboratory-reared flies. Several trials have been performed with different contamination sources ofCa.E. dacicola, such as ripe olives and gelled water contaminated by wild flies, wax domes containing eggs laid by wild females, cages dirtied by faeces dropped by wild flies and matings between lab and wild adults. PCR-DGGE, performed with the primer set 63F-GC/518R, demonstrated that the transfer of the endosymbiont from wild flies to lab-reared ones occurred only in the case of cohabitation.ConclusionsCohabitation of symbiotic wild flies and non-symbiotic lab flies allows the transfer ofCa.E. dacicola through adults. Moreover, PCR-DGGE performed with the primer set 63F-GC/518R was shown to be a consistent method for screeningCa.E. dacicola, also showing the potential to distinguish between the two haplotypes (htA and htB). This study represents the first successful attempt at horizontal transfer ofCa.E. dacicola and the first step in acquiring a better understanding of the endosymbiont physiology and its relationship with the olive fly. Our research also represents a starting point for the development of a laboratory symbiotic olive fly colony, improving perspectives for future applications of the Sterile Insect Technique.

ACS Style

Gaia Bigiotti; Roberta Pastorelli; Roberto Guidi; Antonio Belcari; Patrizia Sacchetti. Horizontal transfer and finalization of a reliable detection method for the olive fruit fly endosymbiont,CandidatusErwinia dacicolax. 2018, 326090 .

AMA Style

Gaia Bigiotti, Roberta Pastorelli, Roberto Guidi, Antonio Belcari, Patrizia Sacchetti. Horizontal transfer and finalization of a reliable detection method for the olive fruit fly endosymbiont,CandidatusErwinia dacicolax. . 2018; ():326090.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaia Bigiotti; Roberta Pastorelli; Roberto Guidi; Antonio Belcari; Patrizia Sacchetti. 2018. "Horizontal transfer and finalization of a reliable detection method for the olive fruit fly endosymbiont,CandidatusErwinia dacicolax." , no. : 326090.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in Biosystems Engineering
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ACS Style

Francesco Garbati Pegna; Patrizia Sacchetti; Valentina Canuti; Serena Trapani; Carlo Bergesio; Antonio Belcari; Bruno Zanoni; Ferdinando Meggiolaro. Radio frequency irradiation treatment of dates in a single layer to control Carpophilus hemipterus. Biosystems Engineering 2017, 155, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Francesco Garbati Pegna, Patrizia Sacchetti, Valentina Canuti, Serena Trapani, Carlo Bergesio, Antonio Belcari, Bruno Zanoni, Ferdinando Meggiolaro. Radio frequency irradiation treatment of dates in a single layer to control Carpophilus hemipterus. Biosystems Engineering. 2017; 155 ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Garbati Pegna; Patrizia Sacchetti; Valentina Canuti; Serena Trapani; Carlo Bergesio; Antonio Belcari; Bruno Zanoni; Ferdinando Meggiolaro. 2017. "Radio frequency irradiation treatment of dates in a single layer to control Carpophilus hemipterus." Biosystems Engineering 155, no. : 1-11.

Research article
Published: 28 August 2016 in Parkinson's Disease
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the clinical triad: tremor, akinesia, and rigidity. Several studies have suggested that PD patients show disturbances in olfaction as one of the earliest, nonspecific nonmotor symptoms of disease onset. We sought to use the fruit flyDrosophila melanogasteras a model organism to explore olfactory function in LRRKloss-of-functionmutants, which was previously demonstrated to be a useful model for PD. Surprisingly, our results showed that the LRRK mutant, compared to the wild flies, presents a dramatic increase in the amplitude of the electroantennogram responses and this is coupled with a higher number of olfactory sensilla. In spite of the above reported results, the behavioural response to olfactory stimuli in mutant flies is impaired compared to that obtained in wild type flies. Thus, behaviour modifications and morphofunctional changes in the olfaction of LRRKloss-of-functionmutants might be used as an index to explore the progression of parkinsonism in this specific model, also with the aim of studying and developing new treatments.

ACS Style

Francescaelena De Rose; Valentina Corda; Paolo Solari; Patrizia Sacchetti; Antonio Belcari; Simone Poddighe; Sanjay Kasture; Paolo Solla; Francesco Marrosu; Anna Liscia. DrosophilaMutant Model of Parkinson’s Disease Revealed an Unexpected Olfactory Performance: Morphofunctional Evidences. Parkinson's Disease 2016, 2016, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Francescaelena De Rose, Valentina Corda, Paolo Solari, Patrizia Sacchetti, Antonio Belcari, Simone Poddighe, Sanjay Kasture, Paolo Solla, Francesco Marrosu, Anna Liscia. DrosophilaMutant Model of Parkinson’s Disease Revealed an Unexpected Olfactory Performance: Morphofunctional Evidences. Parkinson's Disease. 2016; 2016 ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francescaelena De Rose; Valentina Corda; Paolo Solari; Patrizia Sacchetti; Antonio Belcari; Simone Poddighe; Sanjay Kasture; Paolo Solla; Francesco Marrosu; Anna Liscia. 2016. "DrosophilaMutant Model of Parkinson’s Disease Revealed an Unexpected Olfactory Performance: Morphofunctional Evidences." Parkinson's Disease 2016, no. : 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 08 November 2013 in Annals of Applied Biology
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One possible control strategy against the olive fly, Bactrocera oleae, the most serious olive crop pest, is the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) application. However, a number of problems associated with this method remain that decrease the effectiveness of SIT, including the quality of reared insects. Taking the importance of the relationship between the olive fly and bacteria into consideration, the effects of probiotic diets enriched with Pseudomonas putida on B. oleae longevity and fecundity were evaluated. First, we found that the probiotic bacterium, P. putida, is conveyed from diets to the oesophageal bulb as well as to the fly midgut after feeding on the probiotic diet. Subsequently, B. oleae adults fed on either: (a) a standard full protein and sugar diet; (b) a sugar only diet; (c) a probiotic standard full protein and sugar diet; or (d) a probiotic sugar diet. Flies fed on probiotic diets were supplied with an inoculated gel containing P. putida; non‐inoculated gel was provided to the flies fed on non‐probiotic diets. B. oleae males and females that fed on sugar diets did not survive as long as those that fed on protein diets. A comparison of the longevity of adults fed on full diet and sugar with their respective probiotic diets revealed no significant difference. Males fed on the sugar only diet survived longer than males fed on probiotic sugar diet, and females fed on the full protein and sugar diet survived much longer than females fed on the full probiotic diet. As regarding fecundity, both full diets resulted in a higher number of eggs laid per female. Females fed on the probiotic sugar diet laid a higher number of eggs than females that fed on sugar only. The inoculated gel of the probiotic sugar diet contained a significantly higher quantity of leucine, isoleucine and proline than the non‐inoculated gel of the sugar only diet. The possible role of dietary bacteria in relation to functional aspects of olive fly physiology is discussed.

ACS Style

Paola Sacchetti; B. Ghiardi; A. Granchietti; F.M. Stefanini; Antonio Belcari. Development of probiotic diets for the olive fly: evaluation of their effects on fly longevity and fecundity. Annals of Applied Biology 2013, 164, 138 -150.

AMA Style

Paola Sacchetti, B. Ghiardi, A. Granchietti, F.M. Stefanini, Antonio Belcari. Development of probiotic diets for the olive fly: evaluation of their effects on fly longevity and fecundity. Annals of Applied Biology. 2013; 164 (1):138-150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Sacchetti; B. Ghiardi; A. Granchietti; F.M. Stefanini; Antonio Belcari. 2013. "Development of probiotic diets for the olive fly: evaluation of their effects on fly longevity and fecundity." Annals of Applied Biology 164, no. 1: 138-150.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2013 in Journal of Insect Physiology
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The responses of olive fly (Bactrocera oleae) antennal and palpal olfactory receptors to odors emitted by\ud Pseudomonas putida bacterial filtrate and to volatiles from a host plant were evaluated using electrophysiological\ud and behavioral bioassays. Morphological identification of olfactory receptors was also performed.\ud The third antennal segment (flagellum) bears four types of multiporous sensilla: trichoid,\ud short basiconica, clavate and grooved. Maxillary palps have mechanosensory bristles and multiporous\ud basiconica sensilla. In wind-tunnel bioassays, olive fly responses to volatiles emitted by bacterial filtrate\ud were higher than those to culture medium. Bacterial filtrate was more attractive than ammonium carbonate\ud or a mixture of ethyl acetate and acetic acid in ethanol. GC–MS of bacterial filtrate identified some\ud of the chemicals produced by bacterial activity, including methyl thiolacetate, ammonia, 2-pentanone, 2-\ud heptanone, ethyl tiglate and methyl thiocyanate. Electrophysiological investigations proved that antennal\ud sensilla are responsive to bacterial filtrate odor, methyl thiolacetate, olive leaves and olives, as well as to\ud a-pinene, while acetic acid elicited an inhibitory response. Electropalpgrams recorded a specific response\ud to bacterial filtrate by mated males and females, as well as a dose-dependent response relationship to\ud methyl thiolacetate by mated females. The identification of new active volatile compounds in the semiochemical\ud system of the olive fly is promising for the development of innovative control strategies in areawide\ud management

ACS Style

Anna Liscia; Piera Angioni; Patrizia Sacchetti; Simone Poddighe; Aurelio Granchietti; Maria Dolores Setzu; Antonio Belcari. Characterization of olfactory sensilla of the olive fly: Behavioral and electrophysiological responses to volatile organic compounds from the host plant and bacterial filtrate. Journal of Insect Physiology 2013, 59, 705 -716.

AMA Style

Anna Liscia, Piera Angioni, Patrizia Sacchetti, Simone Poddighe, Aurelio Granchietti, Maria Dolores Setzu, Antonio Belcari. Characterization of olfactory sensilla of the olive fly: Behavioral and electrophysiological responses to volatile organic compounds from the host plant and bacterial filtrate. Journal of Insect Physiology. 2013; 59 (7):705-716.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Liscia; Piera Angioni; Patrizia Sacchetti; Simone Poddighe; Aurelio Granchietti; Maria Dolores Setzu; Antonio Belcari. 2013. "Characterization of olfactory sensilla of the olive fly: Behavioral and electrophysiological responses to volatile organic compounds from the host plant and bacterial filtrate." Journal of Insect Physiology 59, no. 7: 705-716.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2012 in Biological Control
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The pupal parasitoid Coptera occidentalis Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) was reared in the 1970s in California for the biological control of the Walnut husk fly, Rhagoletis completa Cresson (Diptera: Tephritidae) and later introduced into Europe to be used as a biological control agent against fruit flies. Some behavioral aspects relating to the host location process were investigated in the laboratory in order to improve the chance of success in possible biological control programmes. The searching behavior of the female parasitoid was examined in an open arena in order to evaluate the role of larval trails or rotten-fruit trails (walnut) in the host location process. The response of C. occidentalis to four Tephritid hosts was evaluated: the natural host R. completa, the factitious host Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and two fruit flies of economic importance, Rhagoletis cerasi Linnaeus and Bactrocera oleae (Rossi). In order to assess the response of the parasitoid, a number of behavioral parameters were considered, such as: arrestment behavior, resident time, walking distance, linear and angular speed. The larval trails of R. completa, as well as rotten-fruit liquid trails, were clearly detected by C. occidentalis females, even though the species has been reared for more than 80 generations on C. capitata. In addition, bioassays performed with C. capitata larvae showed a good behavioral response of parasitoid females to the larval trails. Finally, R. cerasi and B. oleae larval trails were barely detected in comparison to the traces left by R. completa and C. capitata larvae. The results are discussed in the light of the possible use of C. occidentalis in biological control programmes.

ACS Style

Aurelio Granchietti; Patrizia Sacchetti; Marzia Cristiana Rosi; Antonio Belcari. Fruit fly larval trail acts as a cue in the host location process of the pupal parasitoid Coptera occidentalis. Biological Control 2012, 61, 7 -14.

AMA Style

Aurelio Granchietti, Patrizia Sacchetti, Marzia Cristiana Rosi, Antonio Belcari. Fruit fly larval trail acts as a cue in the host location process of the pupal parasitoid Coptera occidentalis. Biological Control. 2012; 61 (1):7-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aurelio Granchietti; Patrizia Sacchetti; Marzia Cristiana Rosi; Antonio Belcari. 2012. "Fruit fly larval trail acts as a cue in the host location process of the pupal parasitoid Coptera occidentalis." Biological Control 61, no. 1: 7-14.

Monograph
Published: 01 March 2012 in Ricostruzione della dinamica degli incidenti stradali
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These guidelines are conceived with the authorities responsible for official foodstuff control in mind, but they are also a valid tool for operators in the foodstuff sector, HACCP consultants and disinfestation firms. The volume focuses in depth on elements of biology, monitoring and control of the principal arthropods that are detrimental to the food chain and of the synanthropic rodents; it also presents simplified taxonomic keys for entomological recognition and proposes a "sanctions manual", a checklist and thresholds for corrective actions. This original work can therefore be considered a useful starting point and a stimulus for enhancing quality: of the products, of the services and of the monitoring activities.

ACS Style

Antonio Belcari; Debora Bacciotti; Ugo Gianchecchi; Pierangelo Macchione; Alberto Nencetti; Fabrizio Rossi. Gestione integrata degli animali infestanti nelle industrie alimentari. Ricostruzione della dinamica degli incidenti stradali 2012, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio Belcari, Debora Bacciotti, Ugo Gianchecchi, Pierangelo Macchione, Alberto Nencetti, Fabrizio Rossi. Gestione integrata degli animali infestanti nelle industrie alimentari. Ricostruzione della dinamica degli incidenti stradali. 2012; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Belcari; Debora Bacciotti; Ugo Gianchecchi; Pierangelo Macchione; Alberto Nencetti; Fabrizio Rossi. 2012. "Gestione integrata degli animali infestanti nelle industrie alimentari." Ricostruzione della dinamica degli incidenti stradali , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2011 in Journal of Applied Entomology
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The olive fly (OLF), Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is an invasive tephritid fruit fly that causes extensive damage to olive crops around the world (especially in the Mediterranean basin and North America). Previous attempts to use the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) for the OLF were not successful because of the inability to rear high quality OLF in the laboratory on an artificial diet. New improvements in rearing methods and additional understanding of the basic biology of the OLF have led to a renewal of interest in using SIT for OLF. This review discusses the history, difficulties, improvements and future directions of OLF mass-rearing. Issues include: the design of cages and oviposition substrates, cost and quality of artificial diets, maintenance of endosymbiotic microbiota, control of pathogenic microbes, collection of pupae, the fitness of adults, and the competitiveness of sterilized laboratory males released to the field.16 page(s

ACS Style

A. M. Estes; D. Nestel; Antonio Belcari; Andrew Jessup; P. Rempoulakis; A. P. Economopoulos. A basis for the renewal of sterile insect technique for the olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi). Journal of Applied Entomology 2011, 136, 1 -16.

AMA Style

A. M. Estes, D. Nestel, Antonio Belcari, Andrew Jessup, P. Rempoulakis, A. P. Economopoulos. A basis for the renewal of sterile insect technique for the olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi). Journal of Applied Entomology. 2011; 136 (1-2):1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. M. Estes; D. Nestel; Antonio Belcari; Andrew Jessup; P. Rempoulakis; A. P. Economopoulos. 2011. "A basis for the renewal of sterile insect technique for the olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi)." Journal of Applied Entomology 136, no. 1-2: 1-16.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2008 in Journal of Applied Entomology
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The relationship between the olive fly population and epiphytic bacteria of the olive tree was investigated by carrying out a 1‐year survey in the field. The olive fly population affected the number of bacteria present on the olive surface. Scanning electron microscope observations demonstrated that bacteria may be ingested by the fly’s mouth apparatus through the midline of the pseudotracheae. DNA amplification of the oesophageal bulb content using 16S bacteria universal primers and DNA sequencing evidenced that Candidatus Erwinia dacicola was the predominant species present. The role of bacteria in olive fly biology is discussed.

ACS Style

P. Sacchetti; A. Granchietti; S. Landini; Carlo Viti; L. Giovannetti; A. Belcari. Relationships between the olive fly and bacteria. Journal of Applied Entomology 2008, 132, 682 -689.

AMA Style

P. Sacchetti, A. Granchietti, S. Landini, Carlo Viti, L. Giovannetti, A. Belcari. Relationships between the olive fly and bacteria. Journal of Applied Entomology. 2008; 132 (9-10):682-689.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. Sacchetti; A. Granchietti; S. Landini; Carlo Viti; L. Giovannetti; A. Belcari. 2008. "Relationships between the olive fly and bacteria." Journal of Applied Entomology 132, no. 9-10: 682-689.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2006 in Canadian Journal of Zoology
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The study of antennal morphology of entomoparasitic flies belonging to the family Pipunculidae (Diptera) revealed the presence of a developed secretory system area on the third antennal segment (flagellum) of pipunculid males. The possible physiological function of this system is discussed. Socketed mechanotactile bristles, two types of basiconical sensilla, one type of grooved sensilla, and a sensory pit form the sensillar system of pipunculid antennae. The morphology of these sensilla and the pattern of their distribution are presented. The discovery of a secretory system in male antennae reveals the possible complex role of antennae in courtship behaviour of pipunculid flies.

ACS Style

Antonio Belcari; M. Kozánek. Secretory material from antennal organs and its possible role in mating behaviour of Pipunculidae (Diptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology 2006, 84, 1727 -1732.

AMA Style

Antonio Belcari, M. Kozánek. Secretory material from antennal organs and its possible role in mating behaviour of Pipunculidae (Diptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2006; 84 (12):1727-1732.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Belcari; M. Kozánek. 2006. "Secretory material from antennal organs and its possible role in mating behaviour of Pipunculidae (Diptera)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 12: 1727-1732.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2002 in Canadian Journal of Zoology
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The external morphology of Tephritoidea was studied, including the types and distribution of sensilla on the female postabdomen. The complex oviposition behavior of tephritoid flies has resulted in extensive morphological modifications of the female postabdominal segments and the formation of characteristic distribution patterns of sensilla. The study revealed three morphologically distinct types of postabdomen in Tephritoidea: otitid, tephritid, and pyrgotid. The possible physiological functions of the major morphological adaptations and the homologies of segments of the post abdomen are discussed. The results confirm the present conception of the superfamily Tephritoidea, with the exception of Piophilidae. The morphological differences found in the female terminalia of Piophilidae indicate that inclusion of this family within Tephritoidea should be reconsidered.

ACS Style

M Kozánek; Antonio Belcari. The structure of the female postabdomen and associated sensilla of tephritoid flies (Diptera: Tephritoidea). Canadian Journal of Zoology 2002, 80, 1389 -1404.

AMA Style

M Kozánek, Antonio Belcari. The structure of the female postabdomen and associated sensilla of tephritoid flies (Diptera: Tephritoidea). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2002; 80 (8):1389-1404.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M Kozánek; Antonio Belcari. 2002. "The structure of the female postabdomen and associated sensilla of tephritoid flies (Diptera: Tephritoidea)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 8: 1389-1404.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 1999 in Acta Horticulturae
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ACS Style

C. Rapisarda; A. Belcari. NOTES ON SOME PSYLLIDS (HOMOPTERA PSYLLOIDEA) INFESTING URBAN TREES IN ITALY. Acta Horticulturae 1999, 155 -164.

AMA Style

C. Rapisarda, A. Belcari. NOTES ON SOME PSYLLIDS (HOMOPTERA PSYLLOIDEA) INFESTING URBAN TREES IN ITALY. Acta Horticulturae. 1999; (496):155-164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Rapisarda; A. Belcari. 1999. "NOTES ON SOME PSYLLIDS (HOMOPTERA PSYLLOIDEA) INFESTING URBAN TREES IN ITALY." Acta Horticulturae , no. 496: 155-164.

Original articles
Published: 01 August 1997 in Journal of Natural History
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The external parts of the female reproductive system in entomoparasitic flies of the family Pipunculidae form a compact, heavily sclerotized ovipositor for inserting the egg into the host. Two types of pipunculid ovipositor have been recognized: The Nephrocerus type is bilaterally asymmetrical and consists of modified abdominal segments 8 and 9. There is no spiracle. The genital opening is situate ventrally, approximately in the middle of the ovipositor. The Pipunculus type ovipositor is bilaterally symmetrical and originates from abdominal segments 7, 8 and 9. A pair of spiracles are located venterolaterally near the basal margin; the genital opening is situated close to the apex. Two types of campaniform and two types of haired sensilla have been found (tergum 9 only). Campaniform sensilla have been observed in apical third to apical half of the ovipositor of all studied species. Ten long haired sensilla arranged in two lateral rows on apex have been recognized only in species of Nephrocerus. Short haired sensilla have been found in all Chalarinae and Pipunculinae, situated in basal half of the ovipositor piercer. The spermathecal system consists of three spermathecae; well sclerotized (Nephrocerinae, Chalarinae) or soft and membraneous (Pipunculinae); and three spermiducts which can be undifferentiated and tubular (Nephrocerus) or differentiated to muscular, glandular and ductal parts (Chalarinae, Pipunculinae). In the Nephrocerus type ovipositor, spermathecae are situated in the distal half of abdominal segment 6; all other Pipunculidae have spermathecae located in the basal part of the ovipositor.

ACS Style

M. Kozánek; A. Belcari. Structure of the ovipositor, associated sensilla and spermathecal system of entomoparasitic pipunculid flies (Diptera Pipunculidae). Journal of Natural History 1997, 31, 1273 -1288.

AMA Style

M. Kozánek, A. Belcari. Structure of the ovipositor, associated sensilla and spermathecal system of entomoparasitic pipunculid flies (Diptera Pipunculidae). Journal of Natural History. 1997; 31 (8):1273-1288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Kozánek; A. Belcari. 1997. "Structure of the ovipositor, associated sensilla and spermathecal system of entomoparasitic pipunculid flies (Diptera Pipunculidae)." Journal of Natural History 31, no. 8: 1273-1288.