Problems in decreasing coffee production one of them caused by plant pests attack. Countermeasures using pesticides and disinfectants are not effective because they have long effects and ruining the environment also pest resistance. It is necessary to prevent a more environmentally friendly way by utilizing a natural enemy in the form of a microorganism, the genus Bacillus. Lipase can hydrolyze lipids so that it can be used to degrade lipid substrates that compile the body structure of pests and diseases. This research aims to detect the lipolytic activity of Bacillus isolates from coffee plantations. The results of this research obtained 3 isolates of Bacillus namely T1, T2, and T3 which have differences in cell configuration and variations in the location of endospores. Furthermore, Bacillus isolates were detected lipolytic activity by growing isolates on lipase selective medium. Isolates that have the largest lipolytic activity are T2 isolate codes with an average index of 6.01 and the lowest lipolytic activity, namely, isolate T1 codes with an average index of 4.58.

Identifying the most effective material with antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a challenging task considering the rising concerns about drug resistance. Various experiments through in vitro and in vivo studies to obtain antibacterial agents using abundant and easily available raw material sources have been conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to acquire semiconducting nanoparticle material derived from purebred chicken eggshell waste that could effectively function as an antibacterial agent. The waste treatment was carried out using a top-down method applying the thermal decomposition method with calcination temperatures of 700 and 800 ºC for 30 hours. XRD analysis results showed CaO as a major phase and this was further supported by Rietveld calculation. The size of the crystalline phases obtained ranged from 10–45 nm, while FTIR analysis showed the appearance of CaO bond at a wave number of 715.65 cm-1. Furthermore, SEM analysis showed a rough folded particle surface with a pore percentage of 48.20%. Based on the UV-Vis DRS analysis results, chicken eggshell powder had band gap energy characteristics of 2.07, 2.74, 3.71, and 5.96 eV for sample B, as well as 4.60 and 5.82 eV for sample C. Activation of purebred chicken eggshell powder as antibacterial was performed both qualitatively and quantitatively using photocatalytic and non-photocatalytic methods. Qualitatively, both samples showed antibacterial activity, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1,000 µg/mL.

Actinomycetesis one of the microorganisms which have the ability of enzymes hydrolases such as cellulose, amylase, protease, and manannase. Manufacturer of enzymes of the hydrolase can be used as a candidate probiotic. A candidate probiotic should have a good resistance in different environmental conditions including pH and salinity. This research is conducted to filter the candidate’s probiotics from bacteria Actinomycetes that tolerance salinity and has the activity of the enzyme hydrolase. Testing the activity of the enzyme was preformed qualitatively on the variation of pH 4, 7, and 9.8. Theability of Atinomycetesproduce enzymes hydrolases is indicated by the colony on media containing the substrate.From the test results, cellulase enzyme activity with the largest enzymatic index value is 3.5 AF2 isolates pH 9.8. Amylase enzyme activity with the largest enzymatic index value is 3.66 RH1 isolates pH 7. Protease enzyme activity with the largest enzyme index value is 0.66, AF2 isolates at pH 7. Mananase enzyme activity with the largest enzymatic index value is 0.85, namely AF2 isolates pH 4. In testing the effect of salinity test isolates were able to grow at variations in the concentration of NaCl 0, 3, and 6%.