The efficiency of land transportation contributes significantly to determining a country’s economic and environmental sustainability. The examination of land transportation efficiency encompasses performance and environmental efficiency to improve system performance and citizen satisfaction. Evaluating the efficiency of land transportation is a vital process to improve operation efficiency, decrease investment costs, save energy, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance environmental protection. There are many methods for measuring transportation efficiency, but few papers have used the input and output data to evaluate the ecological efficiency of land transportation. This research focuses on evaluating the environmental efficiency for land transportation by using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method with undesirable output to handle unwanted data. By using this, the paper aims to measure the performance of land transportation in 25 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in the period of 2015–2019, considered as 25 decision-making units (DMUs) in the model. For identifying the ranking of DMUs, four inputs (infrastructure investment and maintenance, length of transport routes, labor force, and energy consumption) are considered. At the same time, the outputs consist of freight transport and passenger transport as desirable outputs and carbon dioxide emission (CO₂) as an undesirable output. The proposed model effectively determines the environment-efficient DMUs in a very time-efficient manner. Managerial implications of the study provide further insight into the investigated measures and offer recommendations for improving the environmental efficiency of land transportation in OECD countries.

This study aims to incorporate the application of RS technology with management strategies and proposes the Remote Sensing Knowledge-Based Decision Support System (RS-KBDSS) framework. It is not only focusing on considering RS technology for discussing the accuracy of estimation but also conducting strategic thinking that is needed for keeping the inventory and monitoring task running by obtaining knowledge and decision support. This study offers more flexible and accurate estimation models for different resolution images and different kinds of models. The results obtained by the study is satisfied with the practical application.

This study aims at reviewing the development model, future trend and curriculum implementation of Hospitality and Leisure education in Taiwan and reflecting its direction of future development by analyzing with the concept of vitality. Vitality index is an organization diagnosis approach constructed on the basis of Living System Theory (LST). It is the representation of life body’s energy, displayed in integration by the interaction among sub-systems of a life body. The measurement by this approach can facilitate researchers in or out of an organization to clarify the existing condition of the organization and to find out the problems causing insufficient organizational performance by the method similar to physician’s examining of human bodies, and further help the organization to improve business performance and the business itself. This study took a department of Hospitality and Leisure management in northern Taiwan as research object, utilizing vitality measurement index to seek out the optimal development direction of Hospitality and Leisure education in Taiwan.

Enterprise resource planning is an integrated system of real-time information. With the trend of internationalization, most banks hope to use ERP systems to eliminate the shortcomings of bank operation processes, such as the waste of repeated manpower, duplication of information or delays in transmission, etc., and reduce efficiency. Improve to the highest level and minimize waste. With the openness of Taiwan’s government financial policy, the banks here are becoming more liberalized and internationalized. Taiwan is becoming a competitive financial market since more new commercial banks have been set up in Taiwan. So, it is important for a bank to dispatch good executives to overseas branch. In this paper, we analyze what kinds of characteristics and traits a bank's manager in overseas branch should have by using Fuzzy Delphi Method. The purposes of the research are 1) to analyze what kinds of characteristics and traits a bank's manager in overseas branch should have, 2) to compare the difference of manager in overseas branch in Japan and HongKong by using Wilcoxon rank sum test, 3) to set up the dispatch criteria with the AI and fuzzy Delphi method. Through the examination of FDM, a fuzzy referent model framework for the bank’s dispatch in overseas branch is built. It is anticipated that the fuzzy framework will provide a more objective means for the dispatch of appropriate personnel for overseas branches.

Running a restaurant has always been a favorite business for people in Taiwan. Especially with the blossom of leisure travel and tourism industry it has attracted even more people to this industry. However, due to lack of good management, few restaurants survive and many more go bankrupt. Therefore, in order to improve a restaurant’s chance of success and its competitiveness in the industry, one must bring in the concept of modern management. In recent years supply chain management has been seen as one aspect of modern management that can strength a company’s competitiveness and establish a trusting relationship with its suppliers and customers. Hence, effective supply chain management can help a company acquire a competitive advantage to face future challenges. This research is aimed at studying the supply chain management as a key success factor in the restaurant industry and plans to extract relevant results by way of positive research; in the hope that those results will provide industry an important niche.

This study explores the factors that influence the cohesion of military groups and develops a scale for measuring the current state of group cohesion in the military. The importance of military unity has always been a significant factor in victory in war, and group cohesion plays a pivotal role in the success or failure of military operations. The research is divided into two phases: the first phase includes a literature review, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions to gather information about the connotations of military group cohesion. The interviews revealed that the elements of military group cohesion encompass five dimensions: cooperation, communication, leadership, commitment, and the external environment. In the second phase, based on data obtained from the interviews, a military group cohesion questionnaire was developed, and 214 personnel from grassroots units were tested to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. The results indicate that better performance correlates with higher group cohesion. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for relevant units when formulating policies.