Objective. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the oxidative stress-mediated lipid peroxidation end product malondialdehyde (MDA) in periodontitis using the available literature. Materials and Methods. An electronic literature search was performed for the published articles from 2000 to 2022 in PubMed (MeSH), Science Direct, Wiley Online library, and cross-reference using specific keywords. Results. The literature search identified 1,166 articles. After analyzing the abstracts of the obtained articles, the articles were excluded for the following reasons: duplicate studies (n = 395) and not relevant to the research question (n = 726). The remaining 45 articles were chosen for full-text evaluation. Finally, the present qualitative synthesis selected 34 articles that met the inclusion criteria for evaluation and removed the articles which did not meet the required criteria (n = 11). Out of these, 16 articles had coherent data for quantitative synthesis. The meta-analysis used the standardized mean differences method at a 95% confidence interval by random-effects model. The periodontitis group displayed significantly higher MDA levels ( ) in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, and serum samples of the studies analyzed than the healthy control. Conclusion. The analyzed studies showed significantly higher MDA levels in various biological samples of patients with periodontitis, supporting the role of elevated oxidative stress and consequent lipid peroxidation in periodontitis.

Background. Periodontitis is intricately linked to oxidative stress-antioxidant (redox) imbalance. The antioxidant system scavenges the oxygen free radicals in biological fluids in patients with periodontitis. However, little is still known about the free radicals mediated oxidative stress and reductive ability of the antioxidant system. Thus, the present meta-analysis aims to quantitatively review the literature that assessed the oxidative stress marker total oxidative stress (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in various biological fluids of patients with periodontitis. Methodology. Electronic databases were searched for studies that assessed TOS and TAC levels in various biological samples of patients with periodontitis. Results. From the 1,812 articles identified, 1,754 were excluded based on title and abstract screening due to irrelevance to the topic of interest. A full-text assessment of the remaining 58 articles led to the selection of 42 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria. Of these, only 24 studies had consistent data for quantitative analysis. The periodontitis group displayed significantly elevated TOS levels ( ) in serum, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and saliva samples in the studies evaluated. In contrast, the periodontitis group exhibited significantly attenuated TAC levels ( ) compared to healthy controls in plasma, serum, and GCF samples of the studies evaluated, which was insignificant in salivary samples ( ). At the same time, the periodontitis group displayed insignificantly elevated TAC levels after periodontal therapy ( ). Conclusions. The present meta-analysis showed significantly higher TOS and lower TAC in periodontitis, reflecting the elevated oxidative stress level than the control group. Clinical Relevance. Scientific rationale for the study: The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants (oxidative stress (OS)) plays a critical role in the onset and progression of periodontitis; the assessment of the relationship between OS-related biomarkers in regional samples and systemic samples of patients with periodontitis helps us to evaluate the periodontal disease progression. The OS biomarker levels can be used to assess periodontal disease and therapeutic efficacy.

Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia (PVL) presents a unique manifestation of Oral Leukoplakia, characterized by its notable propensity for rapid advancement, dynamic clinical and histopathological alterations, and heightened risk of malignant transformation. The present systematic review explores the demographic characteristics, risk factors, progression patterns, treatment preferences, and outcomes for PVL lesions that undergo malignant transformation. An electronic search was executed across various databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library from 1985 to December 2023, focusing on studies of PVL malignant transformation. Data on demographics, clinical features, treatment, and outcome data were synthesized, with bias assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Criteria and outcomes evaluated using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version (CMA) 3.0 software. Among 998 articles, 53 met inclusion criteria, covering 1159 PVL patients, with 48.4% experiencing malignant transformation over an average 6.28 ± 3.73—year follow-up. Most cases had low or moderate bias risk. In the malignant group, females comprised 74.3% of cases, with a mean age of 66.23 ± 7.76 years and had a 1.96 times greater risk of developing cancer (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.38—2.782; p = 0.001). Gingiva (20%) and gingiva/buccal mucosa (17.4%) were commonly affected. Tobacco and alcohol showed weak associations, with most patients being non-smokers (59.54%) and non-drinkers (78.18%). HPV and candida infection positivity were tested in only a few studies and noted in a limited number of cases (33.3% and 38.46%, respectively). Malignant transformation mainly was invasive carcinoma (86.8%). Surgery was the primary treatment (58.33%), with 55.56% recurrence in 162 cases of data availability on recurrence. Of 228 patients with data availability, 33.77% succumbed to oral cancer from PVL-related oral cancer. PVL, a rare variant of leukoplakia, poses a significant risk of cancer, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring and proactive treatment. It mainly affects elderly females without typical cancer risk factors. Understanding its etiology could aid early detection and management.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate recent evidence‐based data that summarize the clinicopathological findings and treatment along with follow‐up measures taken in terms of published cases of Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (JPOF) of the maxilla and mandible by a systematic review.Materials and Methods: The databases searched were PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google scholar, and Cross references. Only those case reports of JPOFs published in the English language from 2000 to 2022 were considered. All cases included confirmed JPOF lesions histopathologically. The SR‐included details like clinical and radiographic data, follow‐up details such as recurrence, and the presence of any adverse outcome.Results: The database search produced 595 articles from 2000 to 2022, among which 22 case reports were included in the systematic review. The mean age of JPOF occurrence in patients was 18 ± 16 years. A male predilection was noted among patients younger than 14 years of age, whereas a female predilection was noted in patients older than 14 years of age. Frequent involvement of the mandible (56%) compared to the maxilla (44%) was reported. The posterior mandible was the most commonly affected site involving numerous adjacent structures. The expansile nature of the JPOF displayed 57% buccolingual expansion, 50% downward displacement or erosion of the lower border of the mandible and 81% of involvement of the maxillary antrum/pterygoid plate/orbital floor. Among the 20 cases reported, the treatment provided included surgical excision in 45% of the patients, jaw resection in 35% of the patients, and enucleation and curettage in 18% of the patients. Follow‐up details were provided in 80% of the reports that showed recurrence.Conclusions: The diagnosis of JPOF requires correlation of the clinical and radiographic features with key histopathological features. Although long‐term follow‐up of the case reports has been reported, the data lack information about the long‐term outcomes of JPOF.

Objective. The present article aims to comprehensively review the existing literature on superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, an antioxidant enzyme, in oral cancer. Method. An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases, including PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, and Cross Reference, spanning 1998–2023. At the outset, 1,177 articles were initially identified, and 907 studies were excluded due to irrelevance or duplication of the research question. Subsequently, 270 articles underwent screening evaluation, resulting in the selection of 85 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Following this, 68 articles underwent a full-text comprehensive assessment, and ultimately, 39 were chosen for data extraction. The risk of bias in the designated articles was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Finally, 13 studies were meticulously selected, offering consistent data for the ensuing meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was executed using comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) version 3 software (Bio Stat Inc., Englewood, NJ, USA). The meta-analysis findings revealed a statistically significant decrease in SOD levels in both erythrocyte samples ( ) and tissue samples ( ) among individuals with oral cancer (OSCC) compared to the normal control group. Conversely, the analysis of three studies on salivary samples demonstrated a significant increase ( ) in SOD levels in the oral cancer group compared to the healthy controls. Conclusion. This systematic review underscores a statistically significant decline in SOD levels observed across diverse bio-samples in individuals with oral cancer, indicating an excess of oxidative stress (OS). Additional research is needed to delve into the relationship between SOD levels and clinic–pathological prognostic markers within the oral cancer cohort. Such investigations have the potential to significantly contribute to the development of prognostic tools grounded in OS, thereby guiding strategies for treatment planning.