Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a series of disorders that affect the muscles and joint. Symptoms include joint pain, muscle pain, and limitation of mouth opening. One of several multifactorial diseases, temporomandibular dysfunction has mostly been linked to five etiological factors: occlusion, trauma, severe pain stimuli, parafunctional activities, and psychological elements, including stress, anxiety, and depression. The position of the human body as it is displayed in space is referred to as posture. Several nerve pathways regulate posture, and through ligaments, TMD and posture affect each other. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible correlation between posture and TMD through a meta-analysis of the literature; Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed, Lilacs, and Web of science, and articles published from 2000 to 31 December 2022 were considered, according to the keywords entered. The term “temporomandibular disorders” has been combined with “posture”, using the Boolean connector AND; Results: At the end of the research, 896 studies were identified from the search conducted on the 3 engines. Only three were chosen to draw up the present systematic study summarizing the article’s main findings. The meta-analysis showed through forest plot analysis a correlation between posture and TMD Conclusions: This literature meta-analysis showed a correlation between posture and TMD. Nerve pathways probably regulate both body posture and mandibular posture. Further clinical studies will be needed to confirm this hypothesis and to indicate the main conclusions or interpretations.

Background: The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in children and adolescents is not well‐known. This is partly because TMD is not often diagnosed in children and partly because there is no agreed‐upon definition of TMD. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that there are gender differences in the prevalence and presentation of TMD in adult. The aim was to assess the prevalence of TMDs in subjects aged 8–19 evaluated with Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs (DC/TMD) and to assess gender differences.Methods: PubMed, Web of Science and Lilacs were systematically searched until 30 November 2022, to identify studies presenting children and adolescents patients affected by TMDs.Results: Out of 40 papers, three studies were included. The included subjects in this review were 1914 (1093 female and 821 male). Seven hundred and thirty‐six on 1914 patients (38.4%) presented TMD. Among 1093 female, 489 (44.7%) presented TMD, while 247/821 male (30%) experienced TMD. Meta‐analysis revealed that the female had a higher TMD prevalence than male (RR 2.10; 95% CI: 1.21–3.65).Conclusion: TMD prevalence in children and adolescence varies between 20% and 60%. Female had a higher prevalence of TMDs compared to male.

Introduction: Oral diseases are common and affect millions of people worldwide. They can range from mild and easily treatable conditions to more severe and serious diseases. Proper oral hygiene and regular dental monitoring are essential for maintaining good oral health. When it comes to children’s health and well-being, parents’ education level plays a critical role. Research has shown that parents’ higher educational attainment is associated with better health outcomes for their children. Our aim is to evaluate whether parents’ education level and employment influence children oral health and its impact on the family. Methods: We enrolled consecutively healthy subjects aged between 0–16 and their parents at the Dental Clinic of the University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”. The Italian version of the ECOHIS (I-ECOHIS) was administered to parents of the enrolled subjects referred to the Dental Clinic of the University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”. Linear regression models, adjusted for age and sex, were used to explore the association between parents’ employment or education level and the ECOHIS scores. Statistical significance was accepted when p value < 0.05. Results: We found a significative association of a higher I-ECOHIS total score (coeff. 4.04244; CI 95%: 1.530855–6.554026; p = 0,002) and higher I-ECOHIS children section score (coeff. 3.2794; CI 95%: 1.29002–5.268; P = 0,002) and the father unemployed status. We also found that a higher education level of the father was associated with a lower ECOHIS total score (coeff. -1.388; IC 95%: -2.562115—-0.214 p = 0.021) and a higher education level of the mother was associated with a lower ECOHIS in children section (coeff. -0.972; IC95%: -1.909356—0.034; p = 0.042). Conclusions: Father unemployed status and a lower educational level for both parents may negatively affect oral health status.

Introduction: While Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are not typically considered a primary symptom of Parkinson disease (PD), recent studies have documented a correlation between ageing and TMDs, a cluster of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint and surrounding musculature, thereby underscoring the potential for an increased frequency of TMDs in the ageing PD population.Objective: The purpose of this review is to systematically evaluate the existing literature on the topic and provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence of TMDs in patients with PD.Methods: To determine eligibility, we utilised the Population (human subjects), Exposure (PD), Comparator (PD vs non‐PD subjects), and Outcomes (TMD) (PECO) model. To conduct this systematic review, we searched for articles published in PubMed, Web of Science and Lilacs from the beginning until April 15, 2023.Results: Three studies were selected. All together they comprised a total of 55 828 subjects, out of which 12 629 were affected by PD or Parkinsonism, and the remaining 43 199 were non‐PD subjects matched for age and sex. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of TMDs in subjects affected by PD. The results showed that 193/12629 (1.53%) of PD individuals presented with TMD symptoms or were diagnosed with TMD, while 260/43199 (0.6%) of non‐PD subjects were diagnosed with the same. The meta‐analysis showed that there was a higher TMD prevalence in PD subjects compared to non‐PD subjects (RR 1.57; 95% CI: 1.30–1.89).Conclusion: The studies reviewed suggest a possible association between TMD and PD. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between TMD and PD and to identify possible mechanisms and treatment strategies.

Objective: The coronavirus belongs to the family of Coronaviridae, which are not branched single-stranded RNA viruses. COVID-19 creates respiratory problems and infections ranging from mild to severe. The virus features mechanisms that serve to delay the cellular immune response. The host’s response is responsible for the pathological process that leads to tissue destruction. Temporomandibular disorders are manifested by painful jaw musculature and jaw joint areas, clicks, or creaks when opening or closing the mouth. All these symptoms can be disabling and occur during chewing and when the patient yawns or even speaks. The pandemic situation has exacerbated anxieties and amplified the vulnerability of individuals. Therefore, from this mechanism, how the COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the incidence of temporomandibular disorders is perceived. The purpose of this review is to evaluate whether COVID-19-related anxiety has caused an increase in temporomandibular dysfunction symptoms in adults to children. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, and Scopus were systematically searched, until 30 July 2022, to identify studies presenting: the connection between COVID-19 with temporomandibular disorders. Results: From 198 papers, 4 studies were included. Literature studies have shown that the state of uncertainty and anxiety has led to an increase in the incidence of this type of disorder, although not all studies agree. Seventy-three studies were identified after viewing all four search engines; at the end of the screening phase, only four were considered that met the PECO, the planned inclusion, and the exclusion criteria. All studies showed a statistically significant correlation between temporomandibular disorders and COVID-19 with a p < 0.05. Conclusions: All studies agreed that there is an association between COVID-19 and increased incidence of temporomandibular disorders.

Introduction: The physical and psychological effects of war are not always easy to detect, but they can be far‐reaching and long‐lasting. One of the physical effects that may result from war stress is temporomandibular disorder (TMD).Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of TMD sign and symptoms among war veterans diagnosed with PTSD.Methods: We systematically searched in Web of Science, PubMed and Lilacs for articles published from the inception until 30 December 2022. All documents were assessed for eligibility based on the following Population, Exposure, Comparator and Outcomes (PECO) model: (P) Participants consisted of human subjects. (E) The Exposure consisted of exposition to war. (C) The Comparison was between war veterans (subjects exposed to war) and subjects not exposed to war. (O) The Outcome consisted of presence of temporomandibular disorders sign or symptoms (we considered pain to muscle palpation in war veterans).Results: Forty studies were identified at the end of the research. We chose only four study to draw up the present systematic study. The included subjects were 596. Among them, 274 were exposed to war, whereas the remaining 322 were not exposed to war stress. Among those exposed to war, 154 presented sign/symptoms of TMD (56.2%) whereas only 65 of those not exposed to war (20.18%). The overall effect revealed that subjects exposed to war and diagnosed with PTSD had a higher prevalence of TMD signs (pain at muscle palpation) than controls (RR 2.21; 95% CI: 1.13–4.34), showing an association PTSD war‐related and TMD.Conclusions: War can cause lasting physical and psychological damage that can lead to chronic diseases. Our results clearly demonstrated that war exposure, directly or indirectly, increases the risk of developing TMJ dysfunction and TMD sign/symptoms.